Derivative instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risks related to its business operations. To reduce our risks related to such exposures, we use or have used certain derivative instruments, including foreign currency forward, foreign currency option, cross-currency swap, forward interest rate and interest rate swap contracts. We do not use derivatives for speculative trading purposes.

Cash flow hedges

We are exposed to possible changes in the values of certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated primarily with our euro-denominated international product sales. Increases and decreases in the cash flows associated with our international product sales due to movements in foreign currency exchange rates are offset partially by corresponding increases and decreases in the cash flows from our international operating expenses resulting from these foreign currency exchange rate movements. To further reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations with regard to our international product sales, we enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to hedge a portion of our projected international product sales primarily over a three-year time horizon, with, at any given point in time, a higher percentage of nearer-term projected product sales being hedged than in successive periods.

As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $5.0 billion, $4.5 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 we had outstanding foreign currency option contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $21 million and $74 million, respectively, and no such outstanding contracts as of December 31, 2019. We have designated these foreign currency forward and foreign currency option contracts, which are primarily euro based, as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, we report the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts in AOCI in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and we reclassify them to Product sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.

To hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of our long-term debt denominated in foreign currencies, we enter into cross-currency swap contracts. Under the terms of such contracts, we paid euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs and received U.S. dollars for the notional amounts at the inception of the contracts; and based on these notional amounts, we exchange interest payments at fixed rates over the lives of the contracts by paying U.S. dollars and receiving euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs. In addition, we will pay U.S. dollars to and receive euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs from the counterparties at the maturities of the contracts for these same notional amounts. The terms of these contracts correspond to the related hedged debt, thereby effectively converting the interest payments and principal repayment on the debt from euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs to U.S. dollars. We have designated these cross-currency swap contracts as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are reported in AOCI in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to Interest and other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the same periods during which the hedged debt affects earnings.

The notional amounts and interest rates of our cross-currency swaps as of December 31, 2019, were as follows (notional amounts in millions):



	Foreign currency				U.S. dollars
Hedged notes	Notional amounts		Interest rates		Notional amounts		Interest rates
1.25% 2022 euro Notes	€	1,250	1.3	%	$	1,388	3.2	%
0.41% 2023 Swiss franc Bonds	CHF	700	0.4	%	$	704	3.4	%
2.00% 2026 euro Notes	€	750	2.0	%	$	833	3.9	%
5.50% 2026 pound sterling Notes	£	475	5.5	%	$	747	6.0	%
4.00% 2029 pound sterling Notes	£	700	4.0	%	$	1,111	4.5	%

During the year ended December 31, 2019, our 2.125% 2019 euro Notes matured, and the related cross-currency swaps were settled.

In connection with the anticipated issuance of long-term fixed-rate debt, we occasionally enter into forward interest rate contracts in order to hedge the variability in cash flows due to changes in the applicable U.S. Treasury rate between the time we enter into these contracts and the time the related debt is issued. Gains and losses on forward interest rate contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges, are recognized in AOCI in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized into Interest expense, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income over the lives of the associated debt issuances. Amounts recognized in connection with forward interest rate swaps during the year ended December 31, 2019, and amounts expected to be recognized during the subsequent 12 months are not material.

The unrealized gains and losses recognized in AOCI for our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in millions):



	Years ended December 31,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2019			2018			2017
Foreign currency contracts	$	148		$	348		$	(402	)
Cross-currency swap contracts	(21		)	(287		)	581
Forward interest rate contracts	—			—			13
Total unrealized gains	$	127		$	61		$	192

Fair value hedges

To achieve a desired mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt, we entered into interest rate swap contracts that qualified for and were designated as fair value hedges. These interest rate swap contracts effectively convert fixed-rate coupons to floating-rate LIBOR-based coupons over the terms of the related hedge contracts. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had interest rate swap contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $9.6 billion and $11.0 billion, respectively, that hedge certain portions of our long-term debt issuances.

For interest rate swap contracts that qualify for and are designated as fair value hedges, we recognize in Interest expense, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative resulting from the change in fair value during the period, as well as the offsetting unrealized loss or gain of the hedged item resulting from the change in fair value during the period attributable to the hedged risk. If a hedging relationship involving an interest rate swap contract is terminated, the gain or loss realized on contract termination is recorded as an adjustment to the carrying value of the debt and amortized into Interest expense, net, over the remaining life of the previously hedged debt.

The hedged liabilities and related cumulative-basis adjustments for fair value hedges of those liabilities were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (in millions):



	Carrying amounts of hedged liabilities⁽¹⁾				Cumulative amounts of fair value hedging adjustments related to the carrying amounts of the hedged liabilities⁽²⁾
	December 31,				December 31,
Consolidated Balance Sheets locations	2019		2018		2019		2018
Current portion of long-term debt	$	903	$	2,396	$	4	$	(3	)
Long-term debt	$	8,814	$	9,361	$	292	$	(50	)

^____________


⁽¹⁾	Current portion of long-term debt includes $1.0 billion of carrying value with discontinued hedging relationships as of December 31, 2018. Long-term debt includes $136 million and $137 million of carrying value with discontinued hedging relationships as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


⁽²⁾	Current portion of long-term debt includes $3 million of hedging adjustments on discontinued hedging relationships as of December 31, 2018. Long-term debt includes $36 million and $37 million of hedging adjustments on discontinued hedging relationships as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Impact of hedging transactions

The following tables summarize the amounts recorded in income and expense line items and the effects thereon from fair value and cash flow hedging, including discontinued hedging relationships (in millions):



	Year ended December 31, 2019
	Product sales		Interest and other income, net		Interest (expense), net
Total amounts recorded in income and (expense) line items presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income	$	22,204	$	753	$	(1,289	)
The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging:
Gains on cash flow hedging relationships reclassified out of AOCI:
Foreign currency contracts	$	101	$	—	$	—
Cross-currency swap contracts	$	—	$	110	$	—
(Losses) gains on fair value hedging relationships—interest rate swap agreements:
Hedged items⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	—	$	(349	)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	—	$	—	$	352



	Year ended December 31, 2018
	Product sales			Interest and other income, net			Interest (expense), net
Total amounts recorded in income and (expense) line items presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income	$	22,533		$	674		$	(1,392	)
The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging:
Losses on cash flow hedging relationships reclassified out of AOCI:
Foreign currency contracts	$	(21	)	$	—		$	—
Cross-currency swap contracts	$	—		$	(241	)	$	—
Gains (losses) on fair value hedging relationships—interest rate swap agreements:
Hedged items⁽¹⁾	$	—		$	—		$	65
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	—		$	—		$	(42	)



	Year ended December 31, 2017
	Product sales		Interest and other income, net		Interest (expense), net
Total amounts recorded in income and (expense) line items presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income	$	21,795	$	928	$	(1,304	)
The effects of cash flow and fair value hedging:
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedging relationships reclassified out of AOCI:
Foreign currency contracts	$	65	$	—	$	—
Cross-currency swap contracts	$	—	$	574	$	—
Forward interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—	$	(1	)
Gains (losses) on fair value hedging relationships—interest rate swap agreements:
Hedged items⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	—	$	127
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	—	$	—	$	(85	)

^__________


⁽¹⁾	(Losses) gains on hedged items do not completely offset gains (losses) on the related designated hedging instruments due to amortization of the cumulative amounts of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedged debt for discontinued hedging relationships.

No portions of our cash flow hedge contracts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. As of December 31, 2019, we expected to reclassify $47 million of net gains on our foreign currency and cross-currency swap contracts out of AOCI and into earnings during the next 12 months.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

To reduce our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations in certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts that are not designated as hedging transactions. Most of these exposures are hedged on a month-to-month basis. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the total notional amounts of these foreign currency forward contracts were $1.2 billion, $737 million and $757 million, respectively. Gains and losses recognized in earnings for our derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments were not material for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

The fair values of derivatives included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in millions):



	Derivative assets			Derivative liabilities
December 31, 2019	Consolidated Balance Sheets locations	Fair values		Consolidated Balance Sheets locations	Fair values
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets/ Other assets	$	223	Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	$	31
Cross-currency swap contracts	Other current assets/ Other assets	66		Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	315
Interest rate swap contracts	Other current assets/ Other assets	259		Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments		548			346
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	1		Accrued liabilities	—
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		1			—
Total derivatives		$	549		$	346

	Derivative assets			Derivative liabilities
December 31, 2018	Consolidated Balance Sheets locations	Fair values		Consolidated Balance Sheets locations	Fair values
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets/ Other assets	$	181	Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	$	26
Cross-currency swap contracts	Other current assets/ Other assets	170		Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	401
Interest rate swap contracts	Other current assets/ Other assets	56		Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	149
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments		407			576
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	1		Accrued liabilities	—
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		1			—
Total derivatives		$	408		$	576

Our derivative contracts that were in liability positions as of December 31, 2019, contain certain credit-risk-related contingent provisions that would be triggered if (i) we were to undergo a change in control and (ii) our, or the surviving entity’s, creditworthiness deteriorates, which is generally defined as having either a credit rating that is below investment grade or a materially weaker creditworthiness after the change in control. If these events were to occur, the counterparties would have the right but not the obligation to close the contracts under early-termination provisions. In such circumstances, the counterparties could request immediate settlement of these contracts for amounts that approximate the then current fair values of the contracts. In addition, our derivative contracts are not subject to any type of master netting arrangement, and amounts due either to or from a counterparty under the contracts may be offset against other amounts due either to or from the same counterparty only if an event of default or termination, as defined, were to occur.

The cash flow effects of our derivative contracts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are included in Net cash provided by operating activities, except for the settlement of notional amounts of cross-currency swaps, which are included in Net cash used in financing activities.