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Goodwill and other intangible assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in millions):
 
Nine months ended
September 30, 2019
Beginning balance
$
14,699

Addition from Nuevolution acquisition
26

Currency translation adjustment
(20
)
Ending balance
$
14,705


Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Gross
carrying
amounts
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Other intangible
assets, net
 
Gross
carrying
amounts
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Other intangible
assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Developed-product-technology rights
$
12,548

 
$
(7,978
)
 
$
4,570

 
$
12,573

 
$
(7,479
)
 
$
5,094

Licensing rights
3,761

 
(2,286
)
 
1,475

 
3,772

 
(2,032
)
 
1,740

Marketing-related rights
1,209

 
(972
)
 
237

 
1,297

 
(1,019
)
 
278

Research and development technology rights
1,266

 
(922
)
 
344

 
1,148

 
(872
)
 
276

Total finite-lived intangible assets
18,784

 
(12,158
)
 
6,626

 
18,790

 
(11,402
)
 
7,388

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In-process research and development
76

 
—

 
76

 
55

 
—

 
55

Total other intangible assets
$
18,860

 
$
(12,158
)
 
$
6,702

 
$
18,845

 
$
(11,402
)
 
$
7,443


Developed-product-technology rights consists of rights related to marketed products acquired in business combinations. Licensing rights consists primarily of contractual rights acquired in business combinations to receive future milestone, royalty and profit-sharing payments; capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products; and up-front payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related rights consists primarily of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. Research and development (R&D) technology rights pertains to technology used in R&D that have alternative future uses. R&D technology rights include assets acquired with the Nuevolution acquisition in 2019. See Note 2, Business combinations.
In-process research and development (IPR&D) consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $318 million and $331 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $948 million and $983 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is included primarily in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The total estimated amortization for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining three months ending December 31, 2019, and the years ending December 31, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024, are $0.3 billion, $1.2 billion, $1.0 billion, $0.9 billion, $0.9 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively.