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Property, plant and equipment
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (dollar amounts in millions):
 
 
 
December 31,
 
Useful life (in years)
 
2017
 
2016
Land
—

 
$
283

 
$
295

Buildings and improvements
10-40

 
3,507

 
3,640

Manufacturing equipment
8-12

 
2,372

 
2,275

Laboratory equipment
8-12

 
1,179

 
1,092

Other
3-15

 
4,404

 
4,380

Construction in progress
—

 
834

 
745

Property, plant and equipment, gross
 
 
12,579

 
12,427

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
 
(7,590
)
 
(7,466
)
Property, plant and equipment, net
 
 
$
4,989

 
$
4,961


During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized depreciation and amortization expense associated with our property, plant and equipment of $604 million, $619 million and $727 million, respectively.