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Employee Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Jan. 01, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans Employee Benefit Plans
 Savings Plan:    The Company has a 401(k) Savings Plan for the benefit of all qualified U.S. employees, with such employees receiving matching contributions in the amount equal to 100.0% of the first 5.0% of eligible compensation up to applicable Internal Revenue Service limits. Savings plan expense was $20.0 million in fiscal year 2022, $16.5 million in fiscal year 2021, and $14.1 million in fiscal year 2020.
Pension Plans:    The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering certain U.S. employees and non-U.S. pension plans for certain non-U.S. employees. The principal U.S. defined benefit pension plan is closed to new hires and plan benefits have been frozen. The plans provide benefits that are based on an employee’s years of service and compensation near retirement.
 Net periodic pension cost for U.S. and non-U.S. plans included the following components for fiscal years ended:
 
January 1,
2023
January 2,
2022
January 3,
2021
(In thousands)
Service and administrative costs$6,331 $5,174 $7,414 
Interest cost10,751 9,440 12,876 
Expected return on plan assets(22,056)(24,417)(21,786)
Actuarial (gain) loss(23,706)(19,514)20,291 
Net periodic pension (credit) cost$(28,680)$(29,317)$18,795 
The Company recognizes actuarial gains and losses, unless an interim remeasurement is required, in the fourth quarter of the year in which the gains and losses occur. Such adjustments for gains and losses are primarily driven by events and circumstances beyond the Company’s control, including changes in interest rates, the performance of the financial markets and mortality assumptions. Actuarial gains and losses, including other components of periodic pension cost, are recognized in the line item “Interest and other expense, net” in the consolidated statements of operations.
The following table sets forth the changes in the funded status of the principal U.S. pension plan and the principal non-U.S. pension plans and the amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022. The pension liability of the Business at the end of fiscal year 2022 that will transfer upon sale was reclassified to discontinued operations, while the prior year was not restated.
 
 January 1, 2023January 2, 2022
Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.
(In thousands)
Actuarial present value of benefit obligations:
Accumulated benefit obligations$207,503 $231,492 $337,454 $299,826 
Change in benefit obligations:
Projected benefit obligations at beginning of year$339,390 $299,826 $395,339 $317,679 
Service and administrative costs4,956 1,375 4,924 250 
Interest cost3,671 7,080 2,632 6,808 
Benefits paid and plan expenses(14,978)(19,870)(15,299)(18,693)
Benefit obligation classified in discontinued operations(8,261)— — — 
Actuarial gains(88,724)(56,919)(30,705)(6,218)
Effect of exchange rate changes(28,099)— (17,501)— 
Projected benefit obligations at end of year$207,955 $231,492 $339,390 $299,826 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$181,189 $290,116 $204,744 $268,686 
Actual return on plan assets(46,383)(53,498)(13,115)20,123 
Benefits paid and plan expenses(14,978)(19,870)(15,299)(18,693)
Employer’s contributions6,572 — 6,851 20,000 
Effect of exchange rate changes(19,659)— (1,992)— 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$106,741 $216,748 $181,189 $290,116 
Net liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance sheets$(101,214)$(14,744)$(158,201)$(9,710)
Net amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
Other assets$19,521 $— $33,084 $— 
Current liabilities(6,568)— (6,966)— 
Long-term liabilities(114,167)(14,744)(184,319)(9,710)
Net liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance sheets$(101,214)$(14,744)$(158,201)$(9,710)
Actuarial assumptions as of the year-end measurement date:
Discount rate4.12 %4.84 %1.41 %2.44 %
Rate of compensation increase3.16 %None2.78 %None
Actuarial assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost during the year were as follows:
January 1, 2023January 2, 2022January 3, 2021
Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.
Discount rate1.41 %2.44 %0.92 %2.21 %1.34 %3.01 %
Rate of compensation increase2.78 %None2.78 %None3.36 %None
Expected rate of return on assets1.11 %7.25 %2.10 %7.25 %2.20 %7.25 %
 
The Company’s expected rate of return on assets assumptions are derived from management’s estimates, as well as other information compiled by management, including studies that utilize customary procedures and techniques. The studies include a review of anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes and consideration of the appropriate asset allocation strategy given the anticipated requirements of the plans to determine the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested to provide for the pension plans benefits. While the study gives appropriate consideration to recent fund performance and historical returns, the assumption is primarily a long-term, prospective rate.
The Company’s discount rate assumptions are derived from a range of factors, including a yield curve for certain plans, composed of the rates of return on high-quality fixed-income corporate bonds available at the measurement date and the related expected duration for the obligations, and a bond matching approach for certain plans.
The following table provides a breakdown of the non-U.S. benefit obligations and fair value of assets for pension plans that have benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
January 1,
2023
January 2,
2022
(In thousands)
Pension Plans with Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
Projected benefit obligations$120,736 $191,285 
Fair value of plan assets— — 
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
Accumulated benefit obligations$120,283 $189,349 
Fair value of plan assets— — 
 Assets of the defined benefit pension plans are primarily equity and debt securities. Asset allocations as of January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022, and target asset allocations for fiscal year 2023 are as follows:
 Target AllocationPercentage of Plan Assets at
December 31, 2023January 1, 2023January 2, 2022
Asset CategoryNon-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.
Equity securities0-5%0-10%— %44 %— %46 %
Debt securities0-5%90-100%— %56 %— %54 %
Other95-100%0-10%100 %— %100 %— %
Total100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %100 %
The Company maintains target allocation percentages among various asset classes based on investment policies established for the pension plans which are designed to maximize the total rate of return (income and appreciation) after inflation within the limits of prudent risk taking, while providing for adequate near-term liquidity for benefit payments.
The target allocations for plan assets are listed in the above table. Equity securities primarily include investments in large-cap and mid-cap companies located in the United States and abroad, and equity index funds. Debt securities include corporate bonds of companies from diversified industries, high-yield bonds, and U.S. government securities. Other types of investments include investments in non-U.S. government index linked bonds, multi-strategy hedge funds and venture capital funds that follow several different strategies.
The fair value of the Company’s pension plan assets as of January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022 by asset category, classified in the three levels of inputs described in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements are as follows:
 
 Fair Value Measurements at January 1, 2023 Using:
Total Carrying
Value at
January 1, 2023
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable 
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
Cash$14,483 $14,483 $— $— 
Equity securities:
U.S. large-cap61,680 61,680 — — 
International large-cap value20,148 20,148 — — 
Emerging markets growth9,902 9,902 — — 
Fixed income securities:
Corporate and U.S. debt instruments105,126 36,346 68,780 — 
Short-term corporate bonds17,088 — 17,088 — 
Other types of investments:
Foreign liability driven instrument95,062 — — 95,062 
Total assets measured at fair value$323,489 $142,559 $85,868 $95,062 
 Fair Value Measurements at January 2, 2022 Using:
Total Carrying
Value at
January 2, 2022
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable 
Inputs
(Level 3)
(In thousands)
Cash$22,241 $22,241 $— $— 
Equity Securities:
U.S. large-cap91,601 91,601 — — 
International large-cap value29,803 29,803 — — 
Emerging markets growth12,603 12,603 — — 
Fixed income securities:
Corporate and U.S. debt instruments133,727 41,725 92,002 — 
Corporate bonds15,650 — 15,650 — 
Other types of investments:
Foreign liability driven instrument165,680 — — 165,680 
Total assets measured at fair value$471,305 $197,973 $107,652 $165,680 

Valuation Techniques:    Valuation techniques utilized need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There have been no changes in the methodologies utilized at January 1, 2023 compared to January 2, 2022. The following is a description of the valuation techniques utilized to measure the fair value of the assets shown in the table above.

Equity Securities:    Shares of registered investment companies that are publicly traded are categorized as Level 1 assets; they are valued at quoted market prices that represent the net asset value of the fund. These instruments have active markets.

Equity index funds are mutual funds that are not publicly traded and are comprised primarily of underlying equity securities that are publicly traded on exchanges. Price quotes for the assets held by these funds are readily observable and available. Equity index funds are categorized as Level 2 assets.

Fixed Income Securities:    Fixed income mutual funds that are publicly traded are valued at quoted market prices that represent the net asset value of securities held by the fund and are categorized as Level 1 assets.
Fixed income index funds that are not publicly traded are stated at net asset value as determined by the issuer of the fund based on the fair value of the underlying investments and are categorized as Level 2 assets.

Individual fixed income bonds are categorized as Level 2 assets except where sufficient quoted prices exist in active markets, in which case such securities are categorized as Level 1 assets. These securities are valued using third-party pricing services. These services may use, for example, model-based pricing methods that utilize observable market data as inputs. Broker dealer bids or quotes of securities with similar characteristics may also be used.
Other Types of Investments:    Hedge funds, private equity funds, foreign real estate funds and venture capital funds are valued at fair value by using the net asset values provided by the investment managers and are updated, if necessary, using analytical procedures, appraisals, public market data and/or inquiry of the investment managers. The net asset values are determined based upon the fair values of the underlying investments in the funds. These other investments invest primarily in readily available marketable securities and allocate gains, losses, and expense to the investor based on the ownership percentage as described in the fund agreements. They are categorized as Level 3 assets.
In September 2021, the Company’s UK pension scheme executed a buy-in contract with Phoenix Life LTD (“Phoenix”), under which the Company made an upfront payment to Phoenix in exchange for Phoenix agreeing to make the benefit payments under the Company’s UK pension scheme due to specified participants and their beneficiaries, thus transferring most of the investment and longevity risk associated with the covered participants and beneficiaries from the Company to Phoenix. This buy-in contract can be considered a liability-driven investment (“LDI”) solution that hedges not only the investment risk but also the longevity risk under the Company’s UK pension scheme. Like other LDI solutions, it does not eliminate ongoing administrative costs.

The Company’s policy is to recognize significant transfers between levels at the actual date of the event.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending Level 3 assets for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
 
 Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3):
Foreign liability driven investmentForeign
Real Estate
Funds
Multi-strategy
Hedge
Funds
Total
(In thousands)
Balance at December 30, 2019$— $22,688 $1,721 $24,409 
Sales— — (1,721)(1,721)
Unrealized gains— 571 — 571 
Balance at January 3, 2021— 23,259 — 23,259 
Sales— (23,115)— (23,115)
Purchases165,680 — — 165,680 
Realized losses— (226)— (226)
Realized gains— 82 — 82 
Balance at January 2, 2022165,680 — — 165,680 
Pension benefits paid(6,639)— — (6,639)
Foreign exchange losses(18,411)— — (18,411)
Return on plan assets(45,568)— — (45,568)
Balance at January 1, 2023$95,062 $— $— $95,062 
 
With respect to plans outside of the United States, the Company expects to contribute $6.8 million in the aggregate during fiscal year 2023. During fiscal year 2023, the Company contributed $10.0 million to its defined benefit pension plan in the United States for the plan year 2022.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid as follows:
 
Non-U.S.U.S.
(In thousands)
2023$11,907 $19,311 
202412,371 19,267 
202512,442 19,218 
202612,835 19,094 
202712,450 18,906 
2028-203264,237 87,807 
 
The Company also sponsors a supplemental executive retirement plan to provide senior management with benefits in excess of normal pension benefits. Effective July 31, 2000, this plan was closed to new entrants. At January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022, the projected benefit obligations were $18.9 million and $24.1 million, respectively. Assets with a fair value of $0.9 million and $1.6 million, segregated in a trust (which is included in marketable securities and investments on the consolidated balance sheets), were available to meet this obligation as of January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022, respectively. Pension expenses and income for this plan netted to income of $3.2 million in fiscal year 2022, expense of $0.2 million in fiscal year 2021 and expense of $2.1 million in fiscal year 2020.
 
Postretirement Medical Plans:    The Company provides healthcare benefits for eligible retired U.S. employees under a comprehensive major medical plan or under health maintenance organizations where available. Eligible U.S. employees qualify for retiree health benefits if they retire directly from the Company and have at least ten years of service. Generally, the major medical plan pays stated percentages of covered expenses after a deductible is met and takes into consideration payments by other group coverage and by Medicare. The plan requires retiree contributions under most circumstances and has provisions for cost-sharing charges. Effective January 1, 2000, this plan was closed to new hires. For employees retiring after 1991, the Company has capped its medical premium contribution based on employees’ years of service. The Company funds the amount allowable under a 401(h) provision in the Company’s defined benefit pension plan. Assets of the plan are primarily equity and debt securities and are available only to pay retiree health benefits. The costs of these plans are not material and the net assets in the plans totaled $17.1 million and $20.7 million at January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022, respectively.