Intangible Assets and Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2011

9. Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The gross carrying value of intangible assets and accumulated amortization was:


	December 31, 2011						December 31, 2010
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Customer relationships	$	245	$	17	$	228	$	42	$	2	$	40
Technology		88		6		82		14		2		12
Trade name		15		1		14		—		—		—
Other		2		—		2		2		—		2

Total intangible assets	$	350	$	24	$	326	$	58	$	4	$	54

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $20 million in 2011 and not material in 2010 or 2009.

Estimated future annual amortization expense for intangible assets as of December 31, 2011 is as follows:


2012	$	47
2013	$	42
2014	$	39
2015	$	36
2016	$	34
Thereafter	$	128

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, as allocated to the Company’s reportable segments for purposes of testing goodwill for impairment going forward, are presented in the following table:


	Investor		Institutional
	Services		Services		Total
Balance at December 31, 2010	$	446	$	185	$	631
Goodwill acquired during the period		507		23		530

Balance at December 31, 2011	$	953	$	208	$	1,161

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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