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Investment Securities
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investment Securities Investment Securities
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of the Company’s AFS and held to maturity (HTM) investment securities are as follows:
September 30, 2022Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value
Available for sale securities    
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities$186,978 $2 $23,975 $163,005 
U.S. Treasury securities42,405 — 2,059 40,346 
Asset-backed securities (1)
15,472 — 652 14,820 
Corporate debt securities (2)
14,413 — 1,406 13,007 
U.S. state and municipal securities747 — 85 662 
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities802 — 25 777 
Certificates of deposit2,545 — 21 2,524 
Foreign government agency securities1,132 — 68 1,064 
Other322 — 10 312 
Total available for sale securities (3)
$264,816 $2 $28,301 $236,517 
Held to maturity securities    
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities$96,323 $— $15,165 $81,158 
Total held to maturity securities$96,323 $— $15,165 $81,158 
December 31, 2021Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value
Available for sale securities
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities$335,803 $3,141 $4,589 $334,355 
U.S. Treasury securities21,394 13 125 21,282 
Asset-backed securities (1)
17,547 79 80 17,546 
Corporate debt securities (2)
12,310 143 109 12,344 
U.S. state and municipal securities1,611 81 5 1,687 
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities1,170 20 — 1,190 
Certificates of deposit1,000 — 1 999 
Foreign government agency securities425 — — 425 
Commercial paper200 — — 200 
Other22 4 — 26 
Total available for sale securities (3)
$391,482 $3,481 $4,909 $390,054 
(1) Approximately 55% and 58% of asset-backed securities held as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, were Federal Family Education Loan Program Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables represented approximately 18% and 30% of the asset-backed securities held as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
(2) As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately 39% and 31%, respectively, of the total AFS in corporate debt securities were issued by institutions in the financial services industry.
(3) Included in cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, but excluded from this table is $287 million of AFS commercial paper as of September 30, 2022 (none as of December 31, 2021). These holdings have maturities of three months or less and an aggregate market value equal to amortized cost.

In January 2022, the Company transferred $108.8 billion of U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities with a total net unrealized loss at the time of transfer of $2.4 billion from the AFS category to the HTM category. HTM securities, which the Company has the intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses represents expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of HTM securities. The Company measures credit losses as the difference between the securities amortized cost basis and the net amount expected to be collected. The Company’s accounting policy excludes accrued interest when estimating any allowance for credit losses on HTM securities. HTM securities are placed on nonaccrual status on a timely basis and any accrued interest receivable is reversed through interest income. For certain securities, the Company is not required to estimate an allowance for credit losses because expected nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero based on historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Subsequent to September 30, 2022, on November 2, 2022, the Company transferred approximately $80 billion of U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities with a total pre-tax net unrealized loss at the time of transfer of approximately $16 billion from the AFS category to the HTM category.

At September 30, 2022, our banking subsidiaries had pledged securities with a fair value of $65.9 billion as collateral to secure borrowing capacity on secured credit facilities with the FHLB (see Note 8). Our banking subsidiaries also pledge investment securities as collateral to secure borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve discount window, and had pledged securities with a fair value of $8.8 billion as collateral for this facility at September 30, 2022. The Company also pledges securities issued by federal agencies to secure certain trust deposits. The fair value of these pledged securities was $1.4 billion at September 30, 2022.

Securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by category and period of continuous unrealized loss, of AFS investment securities are as follows:
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
September 30, 2022Fair
Value		Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Unrealized
Losses
Available for sale securities      
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities$90,036 $9,957 $72,611 $14,018 $162,647 $23,975 
U.S. Treasury securities35,743 1,429 4,603 630 40,346 2,059 
Asset-backed securities10,609 347 4,201 305 14,810 652 
Corporate debt securities10,162 765 2,844 641 13,006 1,406 
U.S. state and municipal securities582 62 80 23 662 85 
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities777 25 — — 777 25 
Certificates of deposit2,329 16 195 5 2,524 21 
Foreign government agency securities1,064 68 — — 1,064 68 
Other313 10 — — 313 10 
Total$151,615 $12,679 $84,534 $15,622 $236,149 $28,301 
December 31, 2021   
Available for sale securities       
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities$186,955 $3,216 $38,007 $1,373 $224,962 $4,589 
U.S. Treasury securities16,658 125 21 — 16,679 125 
Asset-backed securities6,093 58 2,708 22 8,801 80 
Corporate debt securities4,713 99 197 10 4,910 109 
Certificates of deposit799 1 — — 799 1 
U.S. state and municipal securities191 4 5 1 196 5 
Total$215,409 $3,503 $40,938 $1,406 $256,347 $4,909 
At September 30, 2022, substantially all rated securities in the investment portfolios were investment grade. U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities do not have explicit credit ratings; however, management considers these to be of the highest credit quality and rating given the guarantee of principal and interest by the U.S. government or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.

For a description of management’s quarterly evaluation of AFS securities in unrealized loss positions see Item 8 – Note 2 in the 2021 Form 10-K. No amounts were recognized as credit loss expense and no securities were written down to fair value through earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021. None of the Company’s AFS securities held as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 had an allowance for credit losses. All HTM securities as of September 30, 2022 were U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and therefore had no allowance for credit losses because expected nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero.
The Company had $645 million of accrued interest for AFS and HTM securities as of September 30, 2022 and $683 million of accrued interest receivable for AFS securities as of December 31, 2021. These amounts are excluded from the amortized cost basis and fair market value of AFS and HTM securities and included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. There were no writeoffs of accrued interest receivable on AFS and HTM securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, or for AFS securities for the year ended December 31, 2021.

In the table below, mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities have been allocated to maturity groupings based on final contractual maturities. As borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations underlying our investment securities, actual maturities may differ from the scheduled contractual maturities presented below.

The maturities of AFS and HTM investment securities are as follows:
September 30, 2022Within
1 year		After 1 year
through
5 years		After 5 years
through
10 years		After
10 years		Total
Available for sale securities     
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities $1,571 $13,045 $34,194 $114,195 $163,005 
U.S. Treasury securities20,456 19,179 711 — 40,346 
Asset-backed securities6 5,298 1,758 7,758 14,820 
Corporate debt securities945 8,888 3,174 — 13,007 
U.S. state and municipal securities37 56 402 167 662 
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities— — — 777 777 
Certificates of deposit2,427 97 — — 2,524 
Foreign government agency securities100 964 — — 1,064 
Other 294 — — 18 312 
Total fair value$25,836 $47,527 $40,239 $122,915 $236,517 
Total amortized cost$26,198 $50,720 $47,162 $140,736 $264,816 
Held to maturity securities     
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities$443 $4,721 $19,679 $56,315 $81,158 
Total fair value$443 $4,721 $19,679 $56,315 $81,158 
Total amortized cost$451 $5,104 $23,224 $67,544 $96,323 

Proceeds and gross realized gains and losses from sales of AFS investment securities are as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2022202120222021
Proceeds$10,549 $1,697 $24,019 $11,339 
Gross realized gains16 2 156 39 
Gross realized losses32 2 155 25