Revenue Recognition

Disaggregated Revenue

Disaggregation of Schwab’s revenue by major source is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net interest revenue
Interest revenue	$	1,755		$	1,176		$	4,766		$	3,358
Interest expense	(228		)	(94		)	(569		)	(223		)
Net interest revenue	1,527			1,082			4,197			3,135
Asset management and administration fees
Mutual funds and ETF service fees	435			519			1,386			1,538
Advice solutions	294			265			859			765
Other	80			77			229			226
Asset management and administration fees	809			861			2,474			2,529
Trading revenue
Commissions	155			136			501			456
Principal transactions	21			15			56			44
Trading revenue	176			151			557			500
Other	67			71			235			212
Total net revenues	$	2,579		$	2,165		$	7,463		$	6,376

For a summary of revenue provided by our reportable segments, see Note 17. The recognition of revenue is not impacted by the operating segment in which revenue is generated.

Net interest revenue

Net interest revenue, which is generated from financial instruments covered by various other areas of GAAP, is not within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (ASC 606), and is included in the table above in order to reconcile to total net revenues per the condensed consolidated statement of income. Net interest revenue is the difference between interest generated on interest earning assets and interest paid on funding sources. Our primary interest earning assets include cash and cash equivalents; segregated cash and investments; margin loans, which constitute the majority of receivables from brokerage clients; investment securities; and bank loans. Revenue on interest earning assets is affected by various factors, such as the composition of assets, prevailing interest rates at the time of origination or purchase, changes in interest rates on floating rate securities, and changes in prepayment levels for mortgage related securities and loans. Fees earned on securities borrowing and lending activities, which are conducted by CS&Co on assets held in client brokerage accounts, are included in other interest revenue and expense.

Asset management and administration fees

The majority of asset management and administration fees are generated through our proprietary and third-party mutual fund and ETF offerings, as well as fee-based advisory solutions. Mutual fund and ETF service fees are charged for investment management, shareholder, and administration services provided to Schwab Funds^® and Schwab ETFs™, as well as recordkeeping, shareholder, and administration services provided to third-party funds. Advice solutions fees are charged for brokerage and asset management services provided to advice solutions clients. Both mutual fund and ETF service fees and advice solutions fees are earned and recognized over time. Fees are generally based on a percentage of the daily value of assets under management and are collected on a monthly or quarterly basis.

Trading revenue

Substantially all trading revenue is generated through commissions earned for executing trades for clients in individual equities, options, fixed income securities, and certain third-party mutual funds and ETFs. This revenue is earned and collected when the trades are executed.

Other revenue

Other revenue includes order flow revenue, other service fees, software fees from our portfolio management solutions, exchange processing fees, and nonrecurring gains. Generally, the most significant portion of other revenue is order flow revenue, which are payments received from execution venues to which CS&Co sends equity and option orders. Order flow revenue is recognized when the trades are executed.

Capitalized contract costs

Deferred contract costs relate to sales commissions paid to employees for obtaining contracts with clients and are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These costs are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over a period that is consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. At September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, we had $246 million and $219 million of deferred contract costs, respectively. Amortization expense related to deferred contract costs was $12 million and $34 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively, which was recorded in compensation and benefits expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Contract balances

Receivables from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 were $353 million at January 1, 2018 and $359 million at September 30, 2018 and were recorded in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Schwab does not have any other significant contract assets or contract liability balances as of September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018.

Unsatisfied performance obligations

We do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations other than those that are subject to an elective practical expedient under ASC 606. The practical expedient applies to and is elected for contracts where we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.