New Accounting Standards

Adoption of New Accounting Standards



Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” and related ASUs	Clarifies that revenue from contracts with clients should be recognized in a manner that depicts the timing of the related transfer of goods or performance of services at an amount that reflects the expected consideration. Adoption allows either full or modified retrospective transition. Full retrospective transition required a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the earliest comparative period presented. Modified retrospective transition required a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the new guidance.	January 1, 2018	The guidance does not apply to revenue earned from the Company’s loans and securities. Accordingly, net interest revenue was not impacted. The primary impact for the Company was the capitalization on the consolidated balance sheets of sales commissions paid to employees for obtaining new contracts with clients. These capitalized costs resulted in an asset of $219 million and a related deferred tax liability of $52 million upon adoption. The asset is being amortized to expense over time as the related revenues are recognized. The Company adopted the revenue recognition guidance using the modified retrospective method for all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Further details of the impact of adoption are included below in this Note as well as in Note 3.
ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10)” and ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10)”	Requires: (i) equity investments to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income, unless the equity method is applied or the equity investments do not have readily determinable fair values in which case a practical alternative may be elected; (ii) use of an exit price when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosures; (iii) separate presentation of financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and form of instrument on the balance sheet or in the accompanying notes. Adoption requires a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the year of initial application, except for certain changes that require prospective adoption.	January 1, 2018	The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis for its equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. No other significant changes resulted from adoption. Therefore, there was no material impact on the Company’s financial statements. The Company elected to use the alternative to fair value measurement for its equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. These equity securities will be adjusted for impairment and observable price changes of the identical or similar investments of the same issuer, as applicable. Schwab refers to this approach as the adjusted cost method. This method was applied to an immaterial amount of Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) investments included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Restricted Cash a Consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force”	Requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash and cash equivalents. Adoption requires retrospective presentation of the statement of cash flows to include restricted cash and cash equivalents in the beginning and ending amounts.	January 1, 2018	The Company adopted this guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company has significant amounts of restricted cash and cash equivalents due to its business as a broker-dealer. As a result of the adoption, changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents included within cash and investments segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes in the consolidated balance sheets are now presented with changes in cash and cash equivalents throughout the consolidated statements of cash flows. The amount of restricted cash and cash equivalents is included in a separate table in the consolidated statements of cash flows.




Standard	Description	Date of Adoption	Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”	Permits reclassification of the impacts on certain tax affected items included in AOCI that were adjusted through income from continuing operations rather than AOCI upon the effective date of the Tax Act. Adoption provides for retrospective adoption to all periods presented and impacted by the Tax Act or as of the beginning of the period of adoption.	January 1, 2018	The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018. The Company elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Act from items in AOCI into retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Adoption resulted in a reduction in AOCI and a corresponding increase in retained earnings of $33 million.

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted



Standard	Description	Required Date of Adoption	Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”	Amends the accounting for leases by lessees and lessors. The primary change from the new guidance is the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Additional changes include accounting for lease origination and executory costs, required lessee reassessments during the lease term due to changes in circumstances, and expanded lease disclosures. Adoption provides for modified retrospective transition as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements in which the entity first applies the new standard or prospectively with an adjustment as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Certain transition relief is permitted if elected by the entity.	January 1, 2019	The Company plans to adopt the new lease accounting guidance prospectively as of January 1, 2019 with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings (i.e., prior periods will not be adjusted). The Company does not expect this guidance will have a material impact on its earnings per common share (EPS). However, it will result in a gross up of the consolidated balance sheet due to recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities primarily related to leases of office space and branches. These amounts will be based on the present value of our remaining operating lease payments (see Note 13 in the 2017 10-K for the undiscounted rental commitments for operating leases). The Company is refining its methodology to estimate the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. We are also testing system updates and refining internal controls for applying the lease accounting changes. Based upon our current population of leases, we expect the right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability to be less than 0.5% of our total assets.




Standard	Description	Required Date of Adoption	Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”	Provides guidance for recognizing impairment of most debt instruments measured at amortized cost, including loans and held to maturity (HTM) debt securities. Requires estimating current expected credit losses (CECL) over the remaining life of an instrument or a portfolio of instruments with similar risk characteristics based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts. The initial estimate of, and the subsequent changes in, CECL will be recognized as credit loss expense through current earnings and will be reflected as an allowance for credit losses offsetting the carrying value of the financial instrument(s) on the balance sheet. Amends the OTTI model for available for sale (AFS) debt securities by requiring the use of an allowance, rather than directly reducing the carrying value of the security, and eliminating consideration of the length of time such security has been in an unrealized loss position as a factor in concluding whether a credit loss exists. Adoption requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the entity applies the new guidance except that a prospective transition is required for AFS debt securities for which an OTTI has been recognized prior to the effective date.	January 1, 2020 (early adoption permitted)	The Company continues to evaluate the impact of this guidance on its financial statements, including EPS. The Company has finished the majority of its scoping work and assessment of the current state of data and systems. Work is transitioning to designing and building out approaches to address certain asset classes with a focus primarily on a subset of our securities, including corporate debt securities. The Company expects that a large portion of its securities will have zero expectation of credit losses based on industry and regulator views for U.S. treasury and certain government agency-backed securities. We are currently working on in-depth analysis for the other asset types that do not have zero expectation of credit losses to determine our methods and any needed changes to policies and procedures.
ASU 2017-08, “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities”	Shortens the amortization period for the premium on certain callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments are applicable to any purchased individual debt security with an explicit and noncontingent call feature with a fixed price on a preset date. ASU 2017-08 does not impact the accounting for callable debt securities held at a discount. Adoption requires modified retrospective transition as of the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings.	January 1, 2019 (early adoption permitted)	While still under evaluation, the Company does not expect this guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements, including EPS.




Standard	Description	Required Date of Adoption	Effects on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other–Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”	Aligns the criteria for capitalizing implementation costs for cloud computing arrangements (CCA) that are service contracts with internal-use software that is developed or purchased and CCAs that include an internal-use software license. This guidance requires that the capitalized implementation costs be recognized over the period of the CCA service contract, subject to impairment evaluation on an ongoing basis. The guidance prescribes the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flow classification of the capitalized implementation costs and related amortization expense, and requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures. Adoption provides for retrospective or prospective application to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.	January 1, 2020 (early adoption permitted)	Historically, Schwab has expensed implementation costs as they are incurred for CCAs that are service contracts. Therefore, adopting this guidance will change the Company’s accounting treatment for these types of implementation costs. The Company is evaluating the impacts of this guidance on its financial statements, including EPS.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2014-09, “Revenue – Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and ASU 2018-02, “Other Comprehensive Income – Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” were as follows:



	Balance at December 31, 2017			Adjustments Due to ASU 2014-09		Adjustments Due to ASU 2018-02			Balance at January 1, 2018
Assets
Other assets ⁽¹⁾	$	2,057		$	167	$	—		$	2,224
Stockholders’ Equity
Retained earnings	14,408			167		33			14,608
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(152		)	—		(33		)	(185		)

⁽¹⁾Adjustment is comprised of an increase in capitalized contract costs of $219 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred tax liabilities of $52 million.

In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our condensed consolidated statement of income and condensed consolidated balance sheet were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Statement of Income	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Expenses Excluding Interest
Compensation and benefits	$	737	$	744	$	(7	)
Taxes on income	296		294		2
Net Income	923		918		5



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Statement of Income	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Expenses Excluding Interest
Compensation and benefits	$	2,252	$	2,279	$	(27	)
Taxes on income	780		773		7
Net Income	2,572		2,552		20



	As of September 30, 2018
Balance Sheet	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Assets
Other assets ⁽¹⁾	$	2,092	$	1,905	$	187
Stockholders’ Equity
Retained earnings	16,615		16,428		187

⁽¹⁾Adjustment is comprised of an increase in capitalized contract costs of $246 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred tax liabilities of $59 million.