<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001185185-24-000682.txt : 20240711
<SEC-HEADER>0001185185-24-000682.hdr.sgml : 20240711
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240711160027
ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001185185-24-000682
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20240711
ITEM INFORMATION: Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION: Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION: Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE: 20240711
DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20240711
FILER:
COMPANY DATA:
COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORP
CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000031667
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: WHOLESALE-MISCELLANEOUS NONDURABLE GOODS [5190]
ORGANIZATION NAME: 07 Trade & Services
IRS NUMBER: 730750007
STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE
FISCAL YEAR END: 0228
FILING VALUES:
FORM TYPE: 8-K
SEC ACT: 1934 Act
SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-04957
FILM NUMBER: 241112042
BUSINESS ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 5402 SOUTH 122ND EAST AVE
CITY: TULSA
STATE: OK
ZIP: 74146
BUSINESS PHONE: 918-622-4522
MAIL ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 5402 SOUTH 122ND EAST AVE
CITY: TULSA
STATE: OK
ZIP: 74146
FORMER COMPANY:
FORMER CONFORMED NAME: TUTOR TAPES INTERNATIONAL CORP
DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19701030
FORMER COMPANY:
FORMER CONFORMED NAME: INTERNATIONAL TEACHING TAPES INC
DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19701030
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
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</div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><hr class="hr-custom" style="text-align: center;height: 1px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; width: 10%; border: none; margin: 0pt auto 0pt auto;"/><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b>FORM <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:DocumentType" id="ixv-301">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><hr class="hr-custom" style="text-align: center;height: 1px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; width: 10%; border: none; margin: 0pt auto 0pt auto;"/><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 11, 2024 (<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:date-monthname-day-year-en" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" id="ixv-302">July 11, 2024</ix:nonNumeric>)</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:18pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="ixv-49"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION</span></b></ix:nonNumeric></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(<i>Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter</i>)</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:3.3%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" id="ixv-62"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Delaware</span></b></ix:nonNumeric></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:3.4%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:EntityFileNumber" id="ixv-67"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">000-04957</span></b></ix:nonNumeric></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:3.3%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" id="ixv-72"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">73-0750007</span></b></ix:nonNumeric></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:3.3%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:3.4%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Commission File Number)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:3.3%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(I.R.S Employer Identification No.)</p> </td> </tr>
</table><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="ixv-303">5402 S 122nd E Avenue</ix:nonNumeric>, <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown" id="ixv-304">Tulsa</ix:nonNumeric>, <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince" id="ixv-305">Oklahoma</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode" id="ixv-306">74146</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(<i>Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code</i>)</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="ixv-307">(918)</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" id="ixv-308">622-4522</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(<i>Registrant</i>’<i>s telephone number, including area code</i>)</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><span style="text-decoration:underline">                                                                                  </span></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><i>(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)</i></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="dei:WrittenCommunications" id="ixv-309">☐</ix:nonNumeric>    Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial" id="ixv-310">☐</ix:nonNumeric>    Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer" id="ixv-311">☐</ix:nonNumeric>    Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" id="ixv-312">☐</ix:nonNumeric>    Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;"> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.6%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="ixv-140"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><b>Common Stock, $.20 par value</b></span></ix:nonNumeric></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:4.3%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="ixv-145"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><b>EDUC</b></span></ix:nonNumeric></p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;width:8.6%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="ixv-150"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><b>NASDAQ</b></span></ix:nonNumeric></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8.6%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Title of class)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 4.3%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Trading symbol)</p> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 8.6%;"> <p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">(Name of each exchange on which registered)</p> </td> </tr>
</table><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:right;margin:0pt;">Emerging growth company <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="c0" format="ixt:fixed-false" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="ixv-313">☐</ix:nonNumeric></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt; text-align: right;"> ☐</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGNUM" style="text-align: center; width: 100%"> </div>
<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000"/>
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%"> </div>
</div><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The information disclosed in these Items 2.02, 7.01 and 9.01, including Exhibit 99.1 hereto, is being furnished and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>ITEM 2.02</b>         <b>RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">On July 11, 2024, Educational Development Corporation announced, via press release, fiscal 2025 first quarter financial results. A copy of the press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>ITEM 7.01</b>         <b>REGULATION FD DISCLOSURE</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">On July 11, 2024, Educational Development Corporation announced, via press release, fiscal 2025 first quarter financial results. Educational Development Corporation’s fiscal 2025 earnings call will be held on Thursday, July 11, 2024, at 3:30 PM CT (4:30 PM ET). A copy of the press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>ITEM 9.01</b>         <b>FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">(d)         EXHIBITS</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>Exhibit</b></p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Number</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">Description</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">99.1</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><a href="ex_697382.htm" style="-sec-extract:exhibit;">Press release dated as of July 11, 2024</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 10%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;">104</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGNUM" style="text-align: center; width: 100%"> </div>
<hr style="PAGE-BREAK-AFTER: always; border: none; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000"/>
<div class="PGHDR" style="text-align: left; width: 100%"> </div>
</div><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p><div>
</div><p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p><div>
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:1.2%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:19.9%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>Educational Development Corporation</b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:1.2%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:19.9%;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:1.2%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">By:</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:19.9%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><span style="text-decoration:underline">/s/ Craig M. White                                    </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:1.2%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:19.9%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Craig M. White</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:1.2%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:19.9%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">President and Chief Executive Officer</p>
</td>
</tr>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Date:</p>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">July 11, 2024</p>
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<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<FILENAME>ex_697382.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
<html><head>
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<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b>EXHIBIT 99.1</b></p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><u>EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION</u></p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:center;margin:0pt;"><u>ANNOUNCES FISCAL 2025 FIRST QUARTER RESULTS</u></p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">TULSA, OK, July 11, 2024—Educational Development Corporation (“EDC”, or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: EDUC), a publishing company specializing in books and educational products for children, today reports financial results for the fiscal first quarter ended May 31, 2024.</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b><u>First Quarter Summary Compared to the Prior Year First Quarter</u></b></p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">
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<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:0.9%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:0.9%;">
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">●</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.5%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Net revenues were $10.0 million compared to $14.5 million.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:0.9%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:0.9%;">
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">●</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.5%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Average active PaperPie Brand Partners totaled 13,400 compared to 23,200.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:0.9%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:0.9%;">
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">●</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.5%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Average active PaperPie Brand Partners totaled 15,015 as of February 29, 2024.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:0.9%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:0.9%;">
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">●</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.5%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Loss before income taxes were $(1.7) million, compared to $(1.2) million.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:0.9%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:0.9%;">
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">●</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.5%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Net Loss totaled $(1.3) million, compared to $(0.9) million.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;width:0.9%;"> </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:0.9%;">
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">●</p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;width:44.5%;">
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Loss per share totaled $(0.15) compared to loss per share of $(0.11), on a fully diluted basis.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Per Craig White, Chief Executive Officer, “I am encouraged that we were able to cover our historically negative first quarter cash outflows with the $2.9 million of positive cash flows we generated from inventory reductions through higher sales volume during the quarter. The positive impact of inventory reduction is also evidenced in our line of credit which remained level during the quarter. We also maintained our strategic discipline in inventory purchasing, which accelerates inventory reductions and increases future cash flows. We expect cash flows from inventory reductions to accelerate allowing us to maintain within our line of credit availability as we enter the second quarter, which is seasonally our slowest period of the year.”</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">“In June we ran promotions to invite new Brand Partners to join our direct sales division PaperPie. I am excited to say the promotions are showing signs of success as we added over 3,700 new Brand Partners thus far, increasing our total active Brand Partners to 14,700 at the end of June. We are excited to have these new Brand Partners join and are running several promotions over the summer to help them gain knowledge, experience and success before we head into fall, which is our most robust selling season of the year.”</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">“Throughout the majority of the year we have strategically focused on solidifying the long-term future health and stability of Educational Development. On May 26, 2024 we announced the lease of approximately one half of our space in the Hilti Complex to a 3<sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;">rd</sup> party. The lease commenced July 1, 2024 and is for an initial term of five years, with an option to renew for another five years. The lease proceeds will generate approximately $1.0 million of new cashflow per year, further positioning us to return to profitability. This lease will remain with the Company post building sale.”</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">“Secondly, on June 6<sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;">th</sup> we executed a sale/leaseback agreement for the Hilti Complex totaling $35.5 million. The agreement excludes the 17 acres of excess land next to the Hilti Complex which will remain under the Company’s ownership. As part of the sale agreement, our existing Hilti Lease will be assigned to the buyer. The terms of the Company’s leaseback will be for 10 years and include standard market rates and triple-net terms. We expect the closing to be within 90 days of the executed agreement. The proceeds from the sale are expected to fully pay back our borrowings with our bank and we expect to have minimal borrowing needs on a go-forward basis. Further, our recent agreement with our bank includes a $4.5 million line of credit, post building sale, to ensure we have adequate financing for future operations.”</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">“The outcome from these two agreements are major steps to returning the Company to profitability and sharing that profitability in the form of longstanding dividends with our shareholders. I would like to again thank our stakeholders for your ongoing support, including our Brand Partners, Customers, Employees, Vendors and Shareholders. It’s with your support that we remain steadfast in our mission to improve children’s literacy,” concluded Mr. White. </p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="finTable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; text-indent: 0px;">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.D3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td colspan="6" id=".amt.D3" style="text-align: center; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b><b>Three Months Ended </b></b></p>
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b><b>May 31,</b></b></p>
</td>
<td id=".trail.D3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.D2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td colspan="2" id=".amt.D2" style="text-align: center; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b><b>2024</b></b></p>
</td>
<td id=".trail.D2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.D3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td colspan="2" id=".amt.D3" style="text-align: center; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; text-align: center; margin: 0pt;"><b><b>2023</b></b></p>
</td>
<td id=".trail.D3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1px;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; width: 70%;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">NET REVENUES</p>
</td>
<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">9,993,400</td>
<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">$</td>
<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">14,524,000</td>
<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES</p>
</td>
<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">(1,747,000</td>
<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">(1,200,600</td>
<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">INCOME TAX BENEFIT</p>
</td>
<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </td>
<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">(468,000</td>
<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">)</td>
<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </td>
<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">(327,800</td>
<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 1px;">)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">NET LOSS</p>
</td>
<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">(1,279,000</td>
<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">(872,800</td>
<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
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<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
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<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">LOSS PER SHARE</p>
</td>
<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
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<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">(0.15</td>
<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
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<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">(0.11</td>
<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; padding-bottom: 3px;">)</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
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<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">DIVIDENDS PER SHARE</p>
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<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</td>
<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0pt;"> </td>
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<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</td>
<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</td>
<td id=".trail.3" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0pt;"> </td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON AND EQUIVALENT SHARES OUTSTANDING</p>
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<td id=".lead.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".amt.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".trail.B3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Basic</p>
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<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </td>
<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">8,266,771</td>
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<td style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt;">
<p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: normal; margin: 0pt;">Diluted</p>
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<td id=".lead.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.2" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </td>
<td id=".amt.2" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">8,266,771</td>
<td id=".trail.2" nowrap="true" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0pt;"> </td>
<td id=".lead.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </td>
<td id=".symb.3" style="width: 1%; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </td>
<td id=".amt.3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 0pt; border-bottom: 3px double rgb(0, 0, 0);">8,278,049</td>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b><u>Fiscal 2025 Earnings Call</u></b></p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Date: Thursday, July 11, 2024</p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Time: 3:30 PM CT (4:30 PM ET)</p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Dial-in number: (800) 717-1738</p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Conference ID: <b>40168</b></p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The conference call will be broadcast live and audio replays will be available following the event at www.edcpub.com/investors.</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<div class="PGBK" style="width: 100%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt">
<div class="PGNUM" style="text-align: center; width: 100%"> </div>
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<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b><u>About Educational Development Corporation (EDC)</u></b></p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">EDC began as a publishing company specializing in books for children. EDC is the owner and exclusive publisher of Kane Miller Books (“Kane Miller”); Learning Wrap-Ups, maker of educational manipulatives; and SmartLab Toys, maker of STEAM-based toys and games. EDC is also the exclusive United States MLM distributor of Usborne Publishing Limited (“Usborne”) children’s books. EDC-owned products are sold via 4,000 retail outlets and EDC and Usborne products are offered by independent brand partners who hold book showings through social media, book fairs with schools and public libraries, in individual homes, as well as other in-person events and internet sales.</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Contact:</p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;">Educational Development Corporation</p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Craig White, (918) 622-4522</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Investor Relations:</p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Three Part Advisors, LLC</p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">Steven Hooser (214) 872-2710</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"><b><u>Cautionary Statement for the Purpose of the </u></b><u>“</u><b><u>Safe Harbor</u></b><u>”</u><b><u> Provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.</u></b></p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
<p style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;text-align:justify;margin:0pt;">The information discussed in this Press Release includes “forward-looking statements.” These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “may,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “achievable,” “anticipate,” “continue,” “potential,” “should,” “could,” and similar terms and phrases. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they do involve certain assumptions, risks and uncertainties and we can give no assurance that such expectations or assumptions will be achieved. Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, our success in recruiting and retaining new brand partners, our ability to locate and procure desired books, our ability to ship the volume of orders that are received without creating backlogs, our ability to obtain adequate financing for working capital and capital expenditures, economic and competitive conditions, regulatory changes and other uncertainties, cybersecurity threats and incidents, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as those factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 29, 2024, all of which are difficult to predict. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed may not occur. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 29, 2024 and speak only as of the date of this Press Release. Other than as required under the securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.</p>
<p style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10pt;font-variant:normal;margin:0pt;"> </p>
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<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable" order="0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" order="1" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" order="2" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" order="3" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" order="4" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" order="5" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" order="6" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" order="7" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" order="8" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<!-- [WMV5][XcpuxYn59dz7vgYynUDuwG7r97K2jUTysl7vcz0lJt9uvRsJTXMeMewLyH9HKj6I6pbvcDxjLAJlrYoO9lSXsdSrWo/JGLDRAhKZxXvmZhH9CyZSzz3DCa2qCrc0TbesnFKD0LRFKc5r5uXEmE4QZ3d7PTunQDOxwtE1/zgHnPbxFquVBwyX1RwC9bcR8t5JOaeZi02e6nFGG4RaFEN2mq5DBRfAMRi7QSaeOBvZLxAcJZoz9UMriM1CMqNIlT1HmlNTog9URbQ=] CSR-->
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" order="9" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" order="10" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" order="11" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" order="12" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" order="13" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" order="14" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" order="15" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" order="16" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications" order="17" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" order="18" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" order="19" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" order="20" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" order="21" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
<definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName" order="22" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</definitionLink>
</linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>educ-20240711_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->
<!-- Created: Thu Jul 11 19:27:20 UTC 2024 -->
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
<labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</label>
<!-- [WMV5][XcpuxYn59dz7vgYynUDuwG7r97K2jUTysl7vcz0lJt9uvRsJTXMeMewLyH9HKj6I6pbvcDxjLAJlrYoO9lSXsdSrWo/JGLDRAhKZxXvmZhH9CyZSzz3DCa2qCrc0TbesnFKD0LRFKc5r5uXEmE4QZ3d7PTunQDOxwtE1/zgHnPbxFquVBwyX1RwC9bcR8t5JOaeZi02e6nFGG4RaFEN2mq5DBRfAMRi7QSaeOBvZLxAcJZoz9UMriApOAnAWdc31HUn+IOjy0QQ=] CSR-->
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</label>
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<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</label>
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<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</label>
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<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</label>
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<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl0"/>
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<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</label>
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<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl0"/>
<label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl0" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</label>
<labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl0"/>
</labelLink>
</linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>educ-20240711_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
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<roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="educ-20240711.xsd#DocumentAndEntityInformation" roleURI="http://www.edcpub.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation"/>
<presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.edcpub.com/role/DocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="extended">
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:href="educ-20240711.xsd#educ_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable" order="1.0"/>
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<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" order="0.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" order="1.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" order="2.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" order="3.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" order="4.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
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<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" order="6.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" order="7.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
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<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" order="8.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" order="9.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" order="10.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" order="11.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" order="12.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" order="13.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
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<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
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<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
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<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" order="17.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
<presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" order="18.0" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
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<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
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<loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
function toggleNextSibling (e) {
if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139817125403152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document And Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 11, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information Line Items</strong></a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">EDUC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000031667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul. 11, 2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-04957<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">73-0750007<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">5402 S 122nd E Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Tulsa<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">OK<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">74146<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(918)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">622-4522<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $.20 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<tr>
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<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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