(16) It is the Company’s policy that derivative transactions are executed only to manage exposures arising in the normal course of business and not for the purpose of creating speculative positions or trading. The Company’s financial services operations manage the relationship of the types and amounts of their funding sources to their receivable and lease portfolio in an effort to diminish risk due to interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, while responding to favorable financing opportunities. The Company also has foreign currency exposures at some of its foreign and domestic operations related to buying, selling, and financing in currencies other than the functional currencies.

All derivatives are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet. Cash collateral received or paid is not offset against the derivative fair values on the balance sheet. Each derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, a fair value hedge, or remains undesignated. All designated hedges are formally documented as to the relationship with the hedged item as well as the risk-management strategy. Both at inception and on an ongoing basis the hedging instrument is assessed as to its effectiveness. If and when a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge, or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer likely to occur, or the hedge designation is removed, or the derivative is terminated, hedge accounting is discontinued. Any past or future changes in the derivative’s fair value, which will not be effective as an offset to the income effects of the item being hedged, are recognized currently in the income statement.

Cash flow hedges

Certain interest rate and cross-currency interest rate contracts (swaps) were designated as hedges of future cash flows from borrowings. The total notional amounts of the receive-variable/pay-fixed interest rate contracts at July 30, 2017, October 30, 2016, and July 31, 2016 were $1,700 million, $1,600 million, and $1,850 million, respectively. The notional amounts of cross-currency interest rate contracts at July 30, 2017, October 30, 2016, and July 31, 2016 were $32 million, $42 million, and $51 million, respectively. The effective portions of the fair value gains or losses on these cash flow hedges were recorded in other comprehensive income (OCI) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense or other operating expenses (foreign exchange) in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affected earnings. These amounts offset the effects of interest rate or foreign currency changes on the related borrowings. Any ineffective portions of the gains or losses on all cash flow interest rate contracts designated as hedges were recognized currently in interest expense or other operating expenses (foreign exchange) and were not material during any periods presented. The cash flows from these contracts were recorded in operating activities in the statement of consolidated cash flows.

There is no gain or loss recorded in OCI at July 30, 2017 that is expected to be reclassified to interest expense or other operating expenses in the next twelve months if interest rates or exchange rates remain unchanged. These contracts mature in up to 31 months. There were no gains or losses reclassified from OCI to earnings based on the probability that the original forecasted transaction would not occur.

Fair value hedges

Certain interest rate contracts (swaps) were designated as fair value hedges of borrowings. The total notional amounts of these receive-fixed/pay-variable interest rate contracts at July 30, 2017, October 30, 2016, and July 31, 2016 were $7,716 million, $8,844 million, and $9,551 million, respectively. The effective portions of the fair value gains or losses on these contracts were offset by fair value gains or losses on the hedged items (fixed-rate borrowings). Any ineffective portions of the gains or losses were recognized currently in interest expense. The ineffective portions were gains of $1 million and $2 million during the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively, and gains of $3 million and $1 million during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively. The cash flows from these contracts were recorded in operating activities in the statement of consolidated cash flows.

The gains (losses) on these contracts and the underlying borrowings recorded in interest expense follow in millions of dollars:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	July 30		July 31		July 30		July 31
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest rate contracts *	$	5	$	82	$	(197)	$	148
Borrowings **		(4)		(80)		200		(147)

* Includes changes in fair values of interest rate contracts excluding net accrued interest income of $16 million and $36 million during the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $64 million and $114 million during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

** Includes adjustments for fair values of hedged borrowings excluding accrued interest expense of $56 million and $75 million during the third quarter of 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $182 million and $217 million during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

The Company has certain interest rate contracts (swaps and caps), foreign exchange contracts (futures, forwards, and swaps), and cross-currency interest rate contracts (swaps), which were not formally designated as hedges. These derivatives were held as economic hedges for underlying interest rate or foreign currency exposures, primarily for certain borrowings and purchases or sales of inventory. The total notional amounts of these interest rate swaps at July 30, 2017, October 30, 2016, and July 31, 2016 were $6,715 million, $6,060 million, and $6,087 million, the foreign exchange contracts were $5,111 million, $3,919 million, and $3,959 million, and the cross-currency interest rate contracts were $80 million, $63 million, and $64 million, respectively. At July 30, 2017, October 30, 2016, and July 31, 2016, there were also $308 million, $579 million, and $667 million, respectively, of interest rate caps purchased and the same amounts sold at the same capped interest rate to facilitate borrowings through securitization of retail notes. The fair value gains or losses from the interest rate contracts were recognized currently in interest expense and the gains or losses from foreign exchange contracts in cost of sales or other operating expenses, generally offsetting over time the expenses on the exposures being hedged. The cash flows from these non-designated contracts were recorded in operating activities in the statement of consolidated cash flows.

Fair values of derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated balance sheet in millions of dollars follow:


	July 30		October 30		July 31
Other Assets	2017		2016		2016
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	$	104	$	268	$	443
Cross-currency interest rate contracts		6		11		12
Total designated		110		279		455

Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts		38		26		45
Foreign exchange contracts		32		60		47
Cross-currency interest rate contracts		4		10		12
Total not designated		74		96		104

Total derivative assets	$	184	$	375	$	559

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	$	63	$	10	$	4
Total designated		63		10		4

Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts		18		19		43
Foreign exchange contracts		95		43		48
Cross-currency interest rate contracts		4
Total not designated		117		62		91

Total derivative liabilities	$	180	$	72	$	95

The classification and gains (losses) including accrued interest expense related to derivative instruments on the statement of consolidated income consisted of the following in millions of dollars:


	Expense or	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	OCI	July 30		July 31		July 30		July 31
	Classification	2017		2016		2017		2016
Fair Value Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Interest	$	21	$	118	$	(133)	$	262

Cash Flow Hedges:
Recognized in OCI
(Effective Portion):
Interest rate contracts	OCI (pretax) *		(2)		(1)				(4)
Foreign exchange contracts	OCI (pretax) *						(2)		1

Reclassified from OCI
(Effective Portion):
Interest rate contracts	Interest *		(1)		(1)		(2)		(6)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other operating *						(2)		1

Recognized Directly in Income
(Ineffective Portion)			**		**		**		**

Not Designated as Hedges:
Interest rate contracts	Interest *	$	11	$	(5)	$	11	$	(2)
Foreign exchange contracts	Cost of sales		(29)		18		(41)		(11)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other operating *		(192)		97		(205)		36
Total not designated		$	(210)	$	110	$	(235)	$	23

* Includes interest and foreign exchange gains (losses) from cross-currency interest rate contracts.

** The amount is not significant.

Counterparty Risk and Collateral

Certain of the Company’s derivative agreements contain credit support provisions that may require the Company to post collateral based on the size of the net liability positions and credit ratings. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives with credit risk related contingent features that were in a net liability position at July 30, 2017, October 30, 2016, and July 31, 2016, was $85 million, $29 million, and $29 million, respectively. The Company, due to its credit rating and amounts of net liability position, has not posted any collateral. If the credit risk related contingent features were triggered, the Company would be required to post collateral up to an amount equal to this liability position prior to considering applicable netting provisions.

Derivative instruments are subject to significant concentrations of credit risk to the banking sector. The Company manages individual counterparty exposure by setting limits that consider the credit rating of the counterparty, the credit default swap spread of the counterparty, and other financial commitments and exposures between the Company and the counterparty banks. All interest rate derivatives are transacted under International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) documentation. Some of these agreements include credit support provisions. Each master agreement permits the net settlement of amounts owed in the event of default or termination.

Derivatives are recorded without offsetting for netting arrangements or collateral. The impact on the derivative assets and liabilities related to netting arrangements and any collateral received or paid in millions of dollars follows:


	Gross Amounts		Netting		Collateral
July 30, 2017	Recognized		Arrangements		Received	Net Amount
Assets	$	184	$	(56)		$	128
Liabilities		180		(56)			124


	Gross Amounts		Netting		Collateral
October 30, 2016	Recognized		Arrangements		Received		Net Amount
Assets	$	375	$	(32)	$	(6)	$	337
Liabilities		72		(32)				40


	Gross Amounts		Netting		Collateral
July 31, 2016	Recognized		Arrangements		Received		Net Amount
Assets	$	559	$	(53)	$	(44)	$	462
Liabilities		95		(53)				42