(10) Past due balances of financing receivables still accruing finance income represent the total balance held (principal plus accrued interest) with any payment amounts 30 days or more past the contractual payment due date. Non-performing financing receivables represent loans for which the Company has ceased accruing finance income. These receivables are generally 120 days delinquent and the estimated uncollectible amount, after charging the dealer’s withholding account, if any, has been written off to the allowance for credit losses. Finance income for non-performing receivables is recognized on a cash basis. Accrual of finance income is generally resumed when the receivable becomes contractually current and collections are reasonably assured.

An age analysis of past due financing receivables that are still accruing interest and non-performing financing receivables in millions of dollars follows:


	July 30, 2017
					90 Days
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		or Greater		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	133	$	53	$	58	$	244
Construction and forestry		93		41		40		174
Other:
Agriculture and turf		35		17		8		60
Construction and forestry		7		5		1		13
Total	$	268	$	116	$	107	$	491

							Total
	Total		Total				Financing
	Past Due		Non-Performing		Current		Receivables
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	244	$	218	$	17,025	$	17,487
Construction and forestry		174		34		2,546		2,754
Other:
Agriculture and turf		60		11		7,494		7,565
Construction and forestry		13		16		999		1,028
Total	$	491	$	279	$	28,064		28,834
Less allowance for credit losses								189
Total financing receivables – net							$	28,645


	October 30, 2016
					90 Days
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		or Greater		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	115	$	57	$	65	$	237
Construction and forestry		78		32		25		135
Other:
Agriculture and turf		26		11		6		43
Construction and forestry		10		5		4		19
Total	$	229	$	105	$	100	$	434

							Total
	Total		Total				Financing
	Past Due		Non-Performing		Current		Receivables
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	237	$	191	$	17,526	$	17,954
Construction and forestry		135		35		2,558		2,728
Other:
Agriculture and turf		43		9		7,286		7,338
Construction and forestry		19		9		957		985
Total	$	434	$	244	$	28,327		29,005
Less allowance for credit losses								176
Total financing receivables – net							$	28,829


	July 31, 2016
					90 Days
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		or Greater		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	145	$	60	$	81	$	286
Construction and forestry		74		36		26		136
Other:
Agriculture and turf		28		9		11		48
Construction and forestry		14		6		3		23
Total	$	261	$	111	$	121	$	493

							Total
	Total		Total				Financing
	Past Due		Non-Performing		Current		Receivables
Retail Notes:
Agriculture and turf	$	286	$	194	$	17,278	$	17,758
Construction and forestry		136		36		2,535		2,707
Other:
Agriculture and turf		48		9		7,212		7,269
Construction and forestry		23		7		949		979
Total	$	493	$	246	$	27,974		28,713
Less allowance for credit losses								171
Total financing receivables – net							$	28,542

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses and investment in financing receivables in millions of dollars during the periods follows:


	Three Months Ended July 30, 2017
			Revolving
	Retail		Charge
	Notes		Accounts		Other		Total
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	111	$	43	$	23	$	177
Provision		21		18		3		42
Write-offs		(15)		(26)		(1)		(42)
Recoveries		5		5				10
Translation adjustments		1				1		2
End of period balance *	$	123	$	40	$	26	$	189

	Nine Months Ended July 30, 2017
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	113	$	40	$	23	$	176
Provision		38		32		6		76
Write-offs		(41)		(47)		(4)		(92)
Recoveries		13		15				28
Translation adjustments						1		1
End of period balance *	$	123	$	40	$	26	$	189
Financing receivables:
End of period balance	$	20,241	$	3,454	$	5,139	$	28,834
Balance individually evaluated **	$	144	$	1	$	27	$	172


	Three Months Ended July 31, 2016
			Revolving
	Retail		Charge
	Notes		Accounts		Other		Total
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	102	$	40	$	23	$	165
Provision		11		22		1		34
Write-offs		(10)		(27)		(2)		(39)
Recoveries		3		6				9
Translation adjustments		2						2
End of period balance *	$	108	$	41	$	22	$	171

	Nine Months Ended July 31, 2016
Allowance:
Beginning of period balance	$	95	$	40	$	22	$	157
Provision		28		35		3		66
Write-offs		(29)		(49)		(3)		(81)
Recoveries		8		15				23
Translation adjustments		6						6
End of period balance *	$	108	$	41	$	22	$	171
Financing receivables:
End of period balance	$	20,465	$	2,997	$	5,251	$	28,713
Balance individually evaluated **	$	90	$	2	$	16	$	108

* Individual allowances were not significant.

** Remainder is collectively evaluated.

Financing receivables are considered impaired when it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms. Receivables reviewed for impairment generally include those that are either past due, or have provided bankruptcy notification, or require significant collection efforts. Receivables that are impaired are generally classified as non-performing.

An analysis of the impaired financing receivables in millions of dollars follows:


			Unpaid				Average
	Recorded		Principal		Specific		Recorded
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment
July 30, 2017*
Receivables with specific allowance **	$	56	$	51	$	13	$	51
Receivables without a specific allowance ***		30		27				31
Total	$	86	$	78	$	13	$	82
Agriculture and turf	$	54	$	50	$	10	$	50
Construction and forestry	$	32	$	28	$	3	$	32

October 30, 2016*
Receivables with specific allowance **	$	31	$	28	$	9	$	29
Receivables without a specific allowance ***		29		27				26
Total	$	60	$	55	$	9	$	55
Agriculture and turf	$	33	$	30	$	8	$	27
Construction and forestry	$	27	$	25	$	1	$	28

July 31, 2016*
Receivables with specific allowance **	$	31	$	29	$	7	$	28
Receivables without a specific allowance ***		21		21				19
Total	$	52	$	50	$	7	$	47
Agriculture and turf	$	32	$	30	$	7	$	30
Construction and forestry	$	20	$	20			$	17

* Finance income recognized was not material.

** Primarily retail notes.

*** Primarily retail notes and wholesale receivables.

A troubled debt restructuring is generally the modification of debt in which a creditor grants a concession it would not otherwise consider to a debtor that is experiencing financial difficulties. These modifications may include a reduction of the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity dates, a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt, or a reduction of accrued interest. During the first nine months of 2017, the Company identified 321 financing receivable contracts, primarily retail notes, as troubled debt restructurings with aggregate balances of $9 million pre-modification and $8 million post-modification. During the first nine months of 2016, there were 67 financing receivable contracts, primarily wholesale receivables, identified as troubled debt restructurings with aggregate balances of $9 million pre-modification and $8 million post-modification. During these same periods, there were no significant troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted and were written off. At July 30, 2017, the Company had commitments to lend approximately $10 million to borrowers whose accounts were modified in troubled debt restructurings.