XML 44 R25.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.20.4
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES  
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES

15. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES

Research expenditures that relate to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. Such costs were $185 million in 2020, $190 million in 2019 and $193 million in 2018. The Company did not participate in any material customer sponsored research during any of the years.