Derivative Commodity Instruments
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Jun. 30, 2012
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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative Commodity Instruments | DERIVATIVE COMMODITY INSTRUMENTS Energen Resources Corporation, Energen's oil and gas subsidiary, recognizes all derivatives on the balance sheet and measures all derivatives at fair value. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effectiveness of the hedge, or the degree that the gain (loss) for the hedging instrument offsets the loss (gain) on the hedged item, is measured at each reporting period. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) as a component of shareholders’ equity and subsequently reclassified as operating revenues when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative's change in fair value is required to be recognized in operating revenues immediately. All derivative transactions are included in operating activities on the consolidated condensed statements of cash flows. Energen Resources periodically enters into derivative commodity instruments to hedge its exposure to price fluctuations on oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production. In addition, Alagasco periodically enters into cash flow derivative commodity instruments to hedge its exposure to price fluctuations on its gas supply pursuant to standing authorizations by the Board of Directors, which does not authorize speculative positions. Such instruments may include over-the-counter (OTC) swaps and basis hedges with major energy derivative product specialists. The counterparties to the commodity instruments are investment banks and energy-trading firms. The Company is at risk for economic loss based upon the creditworthiness of its counterparties. Energen Resources was in a net gain position with all of its active counterparties at June 30, 2012. The five largest counterparty net gain positions at June 30, 2012, Macquarie Bank Limited, J Aron & Company, Citibank, N.A., Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. and BP Corporation North America Inc. constituted approximately $33.1 million, $31.2 million, $23.9 million, $22.9 million and $19.8 million, respectively, of Energen Resources’ net gain on fair value of derivatives. The current policy of the Company is to not enter into agreements that require the posting of collateral. The Company has a few older agreements, none of which have active positions as of June 30, 2012, which include collateral posting requirements based on the amount of exposure and counterparty credit ratings. The majority of the Company’s counterparty agreements include provisions for net settlement of transactions payable on the same date and in the same currency. Most of the agreements include various contractual set-off rights, which may be exercised by the non-defaulting party in the event of an early termination due to a default. The Company periodically enters into derivative transactions that do not qualify for cash flow hedge accounting but are considered by management to represent valid economic hedges and are accounted for as mark-to-market transactions. These economic hedges may include, but are not limited to, hedges on estimated future production not yet flowing, basis hedges without a corresponding New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) hedge and hedges on non-operated or other properties for which all of the necessary information to qualify for cash flow hedge accounting is either not readily available or subject to change. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment or are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded at fair value with gains or losses recognized in operating revenues in the period of change. The following tables detail the fair values of commodity contracts by business segment on the balance sheets:
* Amounts classified in accordance with accounting guidance which permits offsetting fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. The Company had a net $57.5 million and a net $5.7 million deferred tax liability included in current and noncurrent deferred income taxes on the consolidated condensed balance sheets related to derivative items included in OCI as of June 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively. Alagasco recognizes all derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. Any gains or losses are passed through to customers using the mechanisms of the GSA in compliance with Alagasco’s APSC-approved tariff and are recognized as a regulatory asset or regulatory liability. The following table details the effect of derivative commodity instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on the financial statements:
The following table details the effect of derivative commodity instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the income statements:
As of June 30, 2012, $50.6 million, net of tax, of deferred net gains on derivative instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are expected to be reclassified and reported in earnings as operating revenues during the next twelve-month period. The actual amount that will be reclassified to earnings over the next year could vary materially from this amount due to changes in market conditions. As of June 30, 2012, the Company had 3 billion, 5.6 billion and 4.6 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of natural gas hedges which expire during 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, that did not meet the definition of a cash flow hedge but are considered by the Company to be economic hedges. The Company had 2.3 million, 6.1 million and 3.9 million barrels (MMBbl) of oil and oil basis hedges which expire during 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, that did not meet the definition of a cash flow hedge but are considered by the Company to be economic hedges. The Company had 7.6 million and 1.6 million gallons (MMgal) of natural gas liquid hedges which expire during 2012 and 2013, respectively, that did not meet the definition of a cash flow hedge but are considered by the Company to be economic hedges. During 2011, the Company had a discontinuance of hedge accounting when Energen Resources determined it was probable certain forecasted volumes would not occur, which resulted in $0.1 million after-tax gain being recognized into operating revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2012. Energen Resources entered into the following transactions for the remainder of 2012 and subsequent years:
Alagasco entered into the following natural gas transactions for the remainder of 2012 and subsequent years:
As of June 30, 2012, the maximum term over which Energen Resources and Alagasco have hedged exposures to the variability of cash flows is through December 31, 2014, and March 31, 2013, respectively. Alagasco has not entered into any new cash flow derivative transactions on its gas supply since the summer of 2010. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). All assets and liabilities are required to be classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Assessing the significance of a particular input may require judgment considering factors specific to the asset or liability, and may affect the valuation of the asset or liability and its placement within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value is as follows:
Derivative commodity instruments are over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives valued using market transactions and other market evidence whenever possible, including market-based inputs to models and broker or dealer quotations. These OTC derivative contracts trade in less liquid markets with limited pricing information as compared to markets with actively traded, unadjusted quoted prices; accordingly, the determination of fair value is inherently more difficult. OTC derivatives for which the Company is able to substantiate fair value through directly observable market prices are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. These Level 2 fair values consist of swaps priced in reference to NYMEX natural gas and oil futures. OTC derivatives valued using unobservable market prices have been classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. These Level 3 fair values include basin specific, basis and natural gas liquids swaps. The Company considers frequency of pricing and variability in pricing between sources in determining whether a market is considered active. While the Company does not have access to the specific assumptions used in its counterparties' valuation models, the Company maintains communications with its counterparties and discusses pricing practices. Further, the Company corroborates the fair value of its transactions by comparison of market-based price sources. The following sets forth derivative assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
* Amounts classified in accordance with accounting guidance which permits offsetting fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. As of June 30, 2012, Alagasco had $30.6 million of derivative instruments which are classified as Level 2 fair values and are included in the above table as current liabilities. As of December 31, 2011, Alagasco had $56.8 million and $3.1 million of derivative instruments which are classified as Level 2 fair values and are included in the above table as current and noncurrent liabilities, respectively. Alagasco had no derivative instruments classified as Level 3 fair values as of June 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011. The Company has prepared a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the hypothetical effect that changes in the prices used to estimate fair value would have on the fair value of its derivative instruments. The Company estimates that a 10 percent increase or decrease in commodity prices would result in an approximate $34 million change in the fair value of open Level 3 derivative contracts. The resulting impact upon the results of operations would be an approximate $3.8 million associated with open Level 3 mark-to-market derivative contracts. Cash flow requirements to meet the obligation would not be significantly impacted as gains and losses on the derivative contracts would be similarly offset by sales at the spot market price. The tables below set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 derivative commodity instruments as follows:
The tables below set forth quantitative information about the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements of derivative commodity instruments as follows:
*Discounted cash flow represents an income approach in calculating fair value including the referenced unobservable input and a discount reflecting credit quality of the counterparty. |