Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Earnings From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes for the years ended December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

	2021		2020		2019
United States	$	2,500	$	1,655	$	854
Non-U.S.	5,098		2,840		2,451
Total	$	7,598	$	4,495	$	3,305

Schedule Of Provision For Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes from continuing operations for the years ended December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

	2021		2020		2019
Current:
Federal U.S.	$	183	$	(321)	$	453
Non-U.S.	1,134		580		800
State and local	163		72		35
Deferred:
Federal U.S.	(156)		530		(297)
Non-U.S.	(23)		(16)		(128)
State and local	(50)		4		10
Income tax provision	$	1,251	$	849	$	873

Schedule Of Deferred Income Tax

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 were as follows ($ in millions):

	2021		2020
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	19	$	24
Inventories	93		99
Pension and postretirement benefits	105		259
Environmental and regulatory compliance	38		27
Other accruals and prepayments	348		341
Stock-based compensation expense	76		68
Operating lease liabilities	252		215
Tax credit and loss carryforwards	544		569
Valuation allowances	(242)		(264)
Total deferred tax asset	1,233		1,338
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment	(79)		(50)
Insurance, including self-insurance	(520)		(713)
Basis difference in LYONs	—		(11)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(235)		(204)
Goodwill and other intangibles	(3,962)		(3,814)
Total deferred tax liability	(4,796)		(4,792)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(3,563)	$	(3,454)

Reconciliation Of The Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate To The Effective Tax Rate

The effective income tax rate from continuing operations for the years ended December 31 varies from the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate as follows:

	Percentage of Pretax Earnings
	2021		2020		2019
Statutory federal income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Increase (decrease) in tax rate resulting from:
State income taxes (net of federal income tax benefit)	1.1	%	1.1	%	0.8	%
Non-U.S. rate differential	(2.0)	%	(1.6)	%	(1.4)	%
Resolution and expiration of statutes of limitation of uncertain tax positions	(3.0)	%	(0.7)	%	(2.1)	%
Research credits, uncertain tax positions and other	0.5	%	0.7	%	9.3	%
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation	(1.1)	%	(1.6)	%	(1.2)	%
Effective income tax rate	16.5	%	18.9	%	26.4	%

Reconciliation Of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding amounts accrued for potential interest and penalties related to both continuing and discontinued operations, is as follows ($ in millions):

	2021		2020		2019
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year	$	1,175	$	1,181	$	986
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	47		47		71
Additions for tax positions of prior years	166		24		197
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(100)		(20)		(16)
Acquisitions, divestitures and other	53		(30)		7
Lapse of statute of limitations	(219)		(13)		(51)
Settlements	(4)		(38)		(12)
Effect of foreign currency translation	(23)		24		(1)
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year	$	1,095	$	1,175	$	1,181