UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act File Number: 811-02958
| T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc. |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) |
| 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |
| David Oestreicher |
| 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 |
| (Name and address of agent for service) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (410) 345-2000
Date of fiscal year end: December 31
Date of reporting period: December 31, 2021
 |
|
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund |
December 31, 2021 |
| PRELX | Investor Class |
| PAELX | Advisor Class |
| TEIMX | I Class |
| TRZFX | Z Class |
| T. ROWE PRICE Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund |
| |
HIGHLIGHTS
| ■ | The Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund underperformed its benchmark index as well as its Lipper peer group average in the 12 months ended December 31, 2021. |
| ■ | Our currency positioning added value while bond exposures detracted. |
| ■ | We reduced the portfolio’s risk exposure over the period given steepening core yield curves and coronavirus headwinds. |
| ■ | We remain constructive on the asset class given attractive valuations, favorable technicals, and the potential for coronavirus and inflation headwinds to fade over the medium term. |
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Market Commentary
Dear Shareholder
Major stock and bond indexes produced mixed results during 2021 as strong corporate earnings growth and a recovering economy contended with worries about inflation, new coronavirus variants, and less accommodative central banks. Most developed market stock benchmarks finished the year with positive returns, although gains slowed in the second half of the year, while fixed income returns faced headwinds from rising interest rates.
Large-cap U.S. growth stocks delivered the strongest returns, but solid results were common in many developed markets. However, emerging markets stock benchmarks struggled amid a significant equity market downturn in China.
The large-cap S&P 500 Index returned almost 29%, marking its third straight year of positive returns. Robust results were widespread across the benchmark—according to Bloomberg data, 2021 marked the first year that all of the S&P 500 sectors recorded double-digit gains. The energy sector, which was the worst performer in 2020, was the leader in 2021 amid a sharp increase in oil prices, and real estate stocks also rebounded from a down year as strong demand led to rising rents. Financial and information technology stocks also produced excellent returns and outperformed the broad market.
In the fixed income market, rising Treasury yields weighed on performance, but below investment-grade corporate bonds delivered solid results as they benefited from improving fundamentals and investor demand for higher-yielding securities. (Bond prices and yields move in opposite directions.)
A robust increase in corporate earnings growth appeared to be a significant performance driver during the year. According to FactSet, overall earnings for the S&P 500 rose 89% in the second quarter of 2021 versus the year before, the fastest pace since 2009, and while third-quarter earnings slowed, they continued to beat expectations at an impressive pace. Despite the significant rally in the S&P 500 during 2021, the index’s price/earnings ratio actually fell over that period as earnings rose faster than stock prices. Although economic growth showed signs of slowing at times, data remained generally positive through the end of the period. The unemployment rate, which started the year at 6.7%, fell to 3.9% by December, and job openings reached a record high.
However, optimism surrounding strong earnings and employment gains was tempered by inflation concerns. Prices surged as the release of pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions contributed to higher inflation around the globe. In the U.S., the 6.8% increase in the consumer price index for the 12-month period ended in November was the highest level since 1982, a factor that may have contributed to a decline in consumer sentiment late in the year.
Meanwhile, central banks began to move away from the extremely accommodative policies they instituted in response to the initial wave of the coronavirus. The Federal Reserve began trimming its purchases of Treasuries and agency mortgage-backed securities in November, and policymakers indicated that they could soon start raising short-term interest rates.
How markets respond to the normalization of monetary policy is an open question. While fading stimulus might pose some challenges for investors, I believe it could contribute to a return of price sensitivity in global markets, which bodes well for selective investors focused on fundamentals.
Elevated valuations, higher inflation, and the continuing struggle to control the pandemic also pose potential challenges for financial markets in 2022. However, on the positive side, household wealth gains, pent-up consumer demand, and a potential boom in capital expenditures could sustain growth even as monetary policy turns less supportive. In this environment, our investment teams will remain focused on using fundamental research to identify companies that can add value to your portfolio over the long term.
Thank you for your continued confidence in T. Rowe Price.
Sincerely,
Robert Sharps
President and CEO
Management’s Discussion of Fund Performance
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The fund seeks to provide high income and capital appreciation.
FUND COMMENTARY
How did the fund perform in the past 12 months?
The Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund posted a net-of-fees return of -9.54% for the 12 months that ended December 31, 2021. The fund underperformed the benchmark J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index–Emerging Markets (GBI–EM) Global Diversified as well as its peer group average. (Results for Advisor, I, and Z Class shares varied slightly, reflecting their different fee structures. Past performance cannot guarantee future results.)
What factors influenced the fund’s performance?
Currency positioning contributed to relative performance, while duration exposure hindered modestly. Within currencies, our off-benchmark allocations added strong relative gains, led by the Egyptian pound, which was supported by Egypt’s stable foreign exchange reserves, while the Ukrainian hryvnia, Ghanian cedi, and Indian rupee also contributed.
Our overweight to the Czech koruna was also supportive. This was due to the Czech National Bank’s increasingly hawkish policy stance over the year and an improvement in risk sentiment late in the period as coronavirus omicron variant fears eased.
A number of our short currency positions (hedged to the dollar), held early in the year, also added as hopes of a vaccine-led recovery in the U.S. created bouts of dollar strength. Our short position to the South African rand added, as did our short positions in the euro and Hungarian forint, which helped as concerns over a fresh wave of the coronavirus in Europe weighed on these currencies at the time.
However, our overweight to the Chilean peso formed a notable drag due to election jitters and concerns over pension withdrawals. An overweight position in the Russian ruble held early in the year also detracted due to rising geopolitical tensions with the European Union, the U.S., and Ukraine.
In terms of bonds, our defensive position in U.S. Treasuries was a notable drag. Growing hopes of an economic recovery early in the year initially supported our position as yields rose. We later increased our short exposure as developed market activity picked up and the Federal Reserve tilted more hawkish, but the omicron variant wave in late November dampened the growth outlook, hindering our position overall.
An overweight to Russian duration also held back relative performance. A combination of surprise rate hikes, increasing geopolitical tensions with Ukraine, and sanctions launched by the U.S. and European Union on the country hindered our position. Similarly, political concerns and rate hikes in Brazil undermined our overweight position in Brazilian government bonds.
Conversely, rate hikes in central and Eastern Europe boosted our underweight bias to the region. Our underweight to Poland, in particular, added sizable gains in the second half of the year as Poland’s central bank, which was relatively dovish in its communications, surprised markets multiple times with rate hikes given higher-than-expected inflation.
How is the fund positioned?
We began selectively adding back to risk after having reduced the portfolio’s risk exposure following the broad emerging markets (EM) sell-off in late February. New coronavirus headwinds emerged over the remainder of year, which led us to pare back our exposures, however. Furthermore, against the backdrop of stretched valuations, concerns about inflation, and risks of central bank hawkishness leading to yields rising, we increased our defensive short positions in U.S. Treasuries and German bunds while adding to U.S. inflation-linked debt. We also remained underweight lower-yielding EM but took some profits in the last quarter, which resulted in the portfolio moving up to a neutral duration position relative to the benchmark.
On the duration side, we prefer countries where valuations based on both monetary and inflationary compensation are supportive. This is diversified across regions but is focused in Latin America, where we are overweight, and select countries in Asia. China and Indonesia remained favored positions, given the shift to policy easing in China and subdued inflation coupled with a relatively slow hiking cycle in Indonesia. We also shifted to an overweight in Chile given the country’s fading political risks and advanced tightening cycle. Additionally, we hold off-index long positions in Egypt, Ukraine, India, and Zambia. Conversely, we retain underweights in central Eastern Europe given the constructive growth outlook for the region and higher correlation with core rates. As inflation remains stickier than initially anticipated, we held inflation-linked bond exposure, particularly in Mexico and Chile.
In terms of currencies, we hold a constructive bias toward EM currencies that remains principally funded by a basket of developed market currencies, most notably the U.S. dollar and the euro. However, we partially closed our short U.S. dollar position over the period as tightening and inflation concerns grew. We remained overweight currencies in emerging Europe given our constructive outlook on the region. However, this was reduced as we became underweight both Russia, mostly due to geopolitical risks, as well as Romania. We also retain an overweight in Latin America; however, we moved underweight the Mexican peso due to central bank independence concerns. We also moved underweight in Asia, mostly due to short positions in the Taiwanese dollar, Korean won, and Japanese yen, which help to hedge some of our EM currency risk. The breadth of our research process also allows us to evaluate currencies outside the benchmark where we see attractive opportunities. Accordingly, we held off-benchmark currency exposures to Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Zambia.
Market liquidity is a key variable that we closely monitor due to a highly uncertain global macro backdrop. Market volatility can impact the portfolio as emerging market debt is one of the riskier fixed income asset classes and tends to have lower liquidity than high-quality government debt. We will continue to actively consider market depth and liquidity when evaluating bonds for purchase and sale.
The portfolio maintains allocations to select types of derivatives for hedging purposes or to gain exposure to certain currencies or countries. The fund had a material exposure to currency forward contracts during the reporting period, which had a negative impact on performance. The fund also held interest rate derivatives that did not materially impact performance.
What is portfolio management’s outlook?
While the coronavirus pandemic continued to weigh on fundamentals in 2021, the pickup in vaccination rates in EM countries was encouraging and enabled a broad rise in global growth expectations over the year. However, the emergence of the omicron variant late in the period clouded the near-term outlook. While the story regarding the new variant is still developing, early indications of the strain being less severe adds fresh optimism to the asset class and suggests that global growth should improve over the medium term. Furthermore, should the coronavirus pandemic transition into an endemic, the associated recovery in developed markets could also add support to EM economies over the near term.
In terms of valuations, the relative value of EM local debt and currencies versus other developed markets is still compelling. The recent market weakness, given the dip in growth expectations due to the new variant, has also led to better market pricing, in our view.
High inflation is another near-term headwind; however, we believe this should peak and support EM assets in 2022. We are also wary of global liquidity conditions becoming less accommodative for growth. However, many EM central banks have been tightening policies proactively, which could act as a buffer while the U.S. tightens its policy. We also continue to monitor policy in China, as this could have an impact on the distribution of economic outcomes and add support over the medium term. However, the fiscal and political backdrop is more uncertain and could vary across economies as several countries are slated to begin new election cycles this year.
Overall, as growth returns and liquidity support is removed from the global system, emerging markets with stronger balance sheets and medium-term growth prospects are likely to outperform. We also remain mindful of further bouts of volatility; therefore, the importance of security selection and active management remains imperative.
The views expressed reflect the opinions of T. Rowe Price as of the date of this report and are subject to change based on changes in market, economic, or other conditions. These views are not intended to be a forecast of future events and are no guarantee of future results.
RISK OF INTERNATIONAL BOND INVESTING
Funds that invest overseas generally carry more risk than funds that invest strictly in U.S. assets including unpredictable changes in currency values. Investments in emerging markets are subject to abrupt and severe price declines and should be regarded as speculative. The economic and political structures of developing nations, in most cases, do not compare favorably with the U.S. or other developed countries in terms of wealth and stability, and their financial markets often lack liquidity. Some countries also have legacies of hyperinflation, currency devaluations, and governmental interference in markets.
International investments are subject to currency risk, a decline in the value of a foreign currency versus the U.S. dollar, which reduces the dollar value of securities denominated in that currency. The overall impact on a fund’s holdings can be significant and long lasting depending on the currencies represented in the portfolio, how each one appreciates or depreciates in relation to the U.S. dollar, and whether currency positions are hedged. Further, exchange rate movements are unpredictable and it is not possible to effectively hedge the currency risks of many developing countries.
Bonds are also subject to interest rate risk, the decline in bond prices that usually accompanies a rise in interest rates, and credit risk, the chance that any fund holding could have its credit rating downgraded or that a bond issuer will default (fail to make timely payments of interest or principal), potentially reducing the fund’s income level and share price.
BENCHMARK INFORMATION
Note: Information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but J.P. Morgan does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. The index is used with permission. The index may not be copied, used, or distributed without J.P. Morgan’s prior written approval. Copyright 2022, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. All rights reserved.
Note: Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, is the source for all Lipper content reflected in these materials. Copyright 2022 © Refinitiv. All rights reserved. Any copying, republication or redistribution of Lipper content is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Lipper. Lipper shall not be liable for any errors or delays in the content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon.
GROWTH OF $10,000
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which include a broad-based market index and may also include a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
EXPENSE RATIO
FUND EXPENSE EXAMPLE
As a mutual fund shareholder, you may incur two types of costs: (1) transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads, and (2) ongoing costs, including management fees, distribution and service (12b-1) fees, and other fund expenses. The following example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of investing in the fund and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds. The example is based on an investment of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the most recent six-month period and held for the entire period.
Please note that the fund has three share classes: The original share class (Investor Class) charges no distribution and service (12b-1) fee, Advisor Class shares are offered only through unaffiliated brokers and other financial intermediaries and charge a 0.25% 12b-1 fee, I Class shares are available to institutionally oriented clients and impose no 12b-1 or administrative fee payment, and Z Class shares are offered only to funds advised by T. Rowe Price and other advisory clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates that are subject to a contractual fee for investment management services and impose no 12b-1 fee or administrative fee payment. Each share class is presented separately in the table.
Actual Expenses
The first line of the following table (Actual) provides information about actual account values and expenses based on the fund’s actual returns. You may use the information on this line, together with your account balance, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period. Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number on the first line under the heading “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period.
Hypothetical Example for Comparison Purposes
The information on the second line of the table (Hypothetical) is based on hypothetical account values and expenses derived from the fund’s actual expense ratio and an assumed 5% per year rate of return before expenses (not the fund’s actual return). You may compare the ongoing costs of investing in the fund with other funds by contrasting this 5% hypothetical example and the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of the other funds. The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending account balance or expenses you paid for the period.
Note: T. Rowe Price charges an annual account service fee of $20, generally for accounts with less than $10,000. The fee is waived for any investor whose T. Rowe Price mutual fund accounts total $50,000 or more; accounts electing to receive electronic delivery of account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, and shareholder reports; or accounts of an investor who is a T. Rowe Price Personal Services or Enhanced Personal Services client (enrollment in these programs generally requires T. Rowe Price assets of at least $250,000). This fee is not included in the accompanying table. If you are subject to the fee, keep it in mind when you are estimating the ongoing expenses of investing in the fund and when comparing the expenses of this fund with other funds.
You should also be aware that the expenses shown in the table highlight only your ongoing costs and do not reflect any transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads. Therefore, the second line of the table is useful in comparing ongoing costs only and will not help you determine the relative total costs of owning different funds. To the extent a fund charges transaction costs, however, the total cost of owning that fund is higher.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
December 31, 2021
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
December 31, 2021
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
| NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc. (the corporation) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). The Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (the fund) is a nondiversified, open-end management investment company established by the corporation. The fund seeks to provide high income and capital appreciation. The fund has four classes of shares: the Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (Investor Class), the Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund–Advisor Class (Advisor Class), the Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund–I Class (I Class), and the Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund–Z Class (Z Class). Advisor Class shares are sold only through various brokers and other financial intermediaries. I Class shares require a $500,000 initial investment minimum, although the minimum generally is waived or reduced for financial intermediaries, eligible retirement plans, and certain other accounts. Prior to November 15, 2021, the initial investment minimum was $1 million and was generally waived for financial intermediaries, eligible retirement plans, and other certain accounts. The Z Class is only available to funds advised by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. and its affiliates and other clients that are subject to a contractual fee for investment management services. The Advisor Class operates under a Board-approved Rule 12b-1 plan pursuant to which the class compensates financial intermediaries for distribution, shareholder servicing, and/ or certain administrative services; the Investor, I and Z Classes do not pay Rule 12b-1 fees. Each class has exclusive voting rights on matters related solely to that class; separate voting rights on matters that relate to all classes; and, in all other respects, the same rights and obligations as the other classes.
NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Preparation The fund is an investment company and follows accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946 (ASC 946). The accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), including, but not limited to, ASC 946. GAAP requires the use of estimates made by management. Management believes that estimates and valuations are appropriate; however, actual results may differ from those estimates, and the valuations reflected in the accompanying financial statements may differ from the value ultimately realized upon sale or maturity.
Investment Transactions, Investment Income, and Distributions Investment transactions are accounted for on the trade date basis. Income and expenses are recorded on the accrual basis. Realized gains and losses are reported on the identified cost basis. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized for financial reporting purposes. Inflation adjustments to the principal amount of inflation-indexed bonds are reflected as interest income. Income tax-related interest and penalties, if incurred, are recorded as income tax expense. Dividends received from mutual fund investments are reflected as dividend income; capital gain distributions are reflected as realized gain/loss. Dividend income and capital gain distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Non-cash dividends, if any, are recorded at the fair market value of the asset received. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Income distributions are declared by each class daily and paid monthly. A capital gain distribution may also be declared and paid by the fund annually.
Currency Translation Assets, including investments, and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollar values each day at the prevailing exchange rate, using the mean of the bid and asked prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars as provided by an outside pricing service. Purchases and sales of securities, income, and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate on the respective date of such transaction. The effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on realized and unrealized security gains and losses is not bifurcated from the portion attributable to changes in market prices.
Class Accounting Shareholder servicing, prospectus, and shareholder report expenses incurred by each class are charged directly to the class to which they relate. Expenses common to all classes and investment income are allocated to the classes based upon the relative daily net assets of each class’s settled shares; realized and unrealized gains and losses are allocated based upon the relative daily net assets of each class’s outstanding shares. The Advisor Class pays Rule 12b-1 fees, in an amount not exceeding 0.25% of the class’s average daily net assets; during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Advisor Class incurred less than $1,000 in these fees.
Capital Transactions Each investor’s interest in the net assets of the fund is represented by fund shares. The fund’s net asset value (NAV) per share is computed at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), normally 4 p.m. ET, each day the NYSE is open for business. However, the NAV per share may be calculated at a time other than the normal close of the NYSE if trading on the NYSE is restricted, if the NYSE closes earlier, or as may be permitted by the SEC. Purchases and redemptions of fund shares are transacted at the next-computed NAV per share, after receipt of the transaction order by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., or its agents.
New Accounting Guidance In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU), ASU 2020–04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional, temporary relief with respect to the financial reporting of contracts subject to certain types of modifications due to the planned discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank-offered based reference rates as of the end of 2021. In March 2021, the administrator for LIBOR announced the extension of the publication of a majority of the USD LIBOR settings to June 30, 2023. Management expects that the adoption of the guidance will not have a material impact on the fund’s financial statements.
Indemnification In the normal course of business, the fund may provide indemnification in connection with its officers and directors, service providers, and/or private company investments. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown; however, the risk of material loss is currently considered to be remote.
NOTE 2 - VALUATION
Fair Value The fund’s financial instruments are valued at the close of the NYSE and are reported at fair value, which GAAP defines as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The T. Rowe Price Valuation Committee (the Valuation Committee) is an internal committee that has been delegated certain responsibilities by the fund’s Board of Directors (the Board) to ensure that financial instruments are appropriately priced at fair value in accordance with GAAP and the 1940 Act. Subject to oversight by the Board, the Valuation Committee develops and oversees pricing-related policies and procedures and approves all fair value determinations. Specifically, the Valuation Committee establishes policies and procedures used in valuing financial instruments, including those which cannot be valued in accordance with normal procedures or using pricing vendors; determines pricing techniques, sources, and persons eligible to effect fair value pricing actions; evaluates the services and performance of the pricing vendors; oversees the pricing process to ensure policies and procedures are being followed; and provides guidance on internal controls and valuation-related matters. The Valuation Committee provides periodic reporting to the Board on valuation matters.
Various valuation techniques and inputs are used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. GAAP establishes the following fair value hierarchy that categorizes the inputs used to measure fair value:
Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial instruments that the fund can access at the reporting date
Level 2 – inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly (including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar financial instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar financial instruments in inactive markets, interest rates and yield curves, implied volatilities, and credit spreads)
Level 3 – unobservable inputs (including the fund’s own assumptions in determining fair value)
Observable inputs are developed using market data, such as publicly available information about actual events or transactions, and reflect the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. Unobservable inputs are those for which market data are not available and are developed using the best information available about the assumptions that market participants would use to price the financial instrument. GAAP requires valuation techniques to maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When multiple inputs are used to derive fair value, the financial instrument is assigned to the level within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value of the financial instrument. Input levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with financial instruments at that level but rather the degree of judgment used in determining those values.
Valuation Techniques Debt securities generally are traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market and are valued at prices furnished by independent pricing services or by broker dealers who make markets in such securities. When valuing securities, the independent pricing services consider the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type, as well as prices quoted by dealers who make markets in such securities.
Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual fund’s closing NAV per share on the day of valuation. Listed options, and OTC options with a listed equivalent, are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices and exchange-traded options on futures contracts are valued at closing settlement prices. Futures contracts are valued at closing settlement prices. Forward currency exchange contracts are valued using the prevailing forward exchange rate. Swaps are valued at prices furnished by an independent pricing service or independent swap dealers. Assets and liabilities other than financial instruments, including short-term receivables and payables, are carried at cost, or estimated realizable value, if less, which approximates fair value.
Investments for which market quotations or market-based valuations are not readily available or deemed unreliable are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee, in accordance with fair valuation policies and procedures. The objective of any fair value pricing determination is to arrive at a price that could reasonably be expected from a current sale. Financial instruments fair valued by the Valuation Committee are primarily private placements, restricted securities, warrants, rights, and other securities that are not publicly traded. Factors used in determining fair value vary by type of investment and may include market or investment specific considerations. The Valuation Committee typically will afford greatest weight to actual prices in arm’s length transactions, to the extent they represent orderly transactions between market participants, transaction information can be reliably obtained, and prices are deemed representative of fair value. However, the Valuation Committee may also consider other valuation methods such as market-based valuation multiples; a discount or premium from market value of a similar, freely traded security of the same issuer; discounted cash flows; yield to maturity; or some combination. Fair value determinations are reviewed on a regular basis and updated as information becomes available, including actual purchase and sale transactions of the investment. Because any fair value determination involves a significant amount of judgment, there is a degree of subjectivity inherent in such pricing decisions, and fair value prices determined by the Valuation Committee could differ from those of other market participants.
Valuation Inputs The following table summarizes the fund’s financial instruments, based on the inputs used to determine their fair values on December 31, 2021 (for further detail by category, please refer to the accompanying Portfolio of Investments):
NOTE 3 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the fund invested in derivative instruments. As defined by GAAP, a derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from an underlying security price, foreign exchange rate, interest rate, index of prices or rates, or other variable; it requires little or no initial investment and permits or requires net settlement. The fund invests in derivatives only if the expected risks and rewards are consistent with its investment objectives, policies, and overall risk profile, as described in its prospectus and Statement of Additional Information. The fund may use derivatives for a variety of purposes and may use them to establish both long and short positions within the fund’s portfolio. Potential uses include to hedge against declines in principal value, increase yield, invest in an asset with greater efficiency and at a lower cost than is possible through direct investment, to enhance return, or to adjust portfolio duration and credit exposure. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and potentially much greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments on which the derivatives are based. The fund at all times maintains sufficient cash reserves, liquid assets, or other SEC-permitted asset types to cover its settlement obligations under open derivative contracts.
The fund values its derivatives at fair value and recognizes changes in fair value currently in its results of operations. Accordingly, the fund does not follow hedge accounting, even for derivatives employed as economic hedges. Generally, the fund accounts for its derivatives on a gross basis. It does not offset the fair value of derivative liabilities against the fair value of derivative assets on its financial statements, nor does it offset the fair value of derivative instruments against the right to reclaim or obligation to return collateral. The following table summarizes the fair value of the fund’s derivative instruments held as of December 31, 2021, and the related location on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities, presented by primary underlying risk exposure:
Additionally, the amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments recognized in fund earnings during the year ended December 31, 2021, and the related location on the accompanying Statement of Operations is summarized in the following table by primary underlying risk exposure:
Counterparty Risk and Collateral The fund invests in derivatives in various markets, which expose it to differing levels of counterparty risk. Counterparty risk on exchange-traded and centrally cleared derivative contracts, such as futures, exchange-traded options, and centrally cleared swaps, is minimal because the clearinghouse provides protection against counterparty defaults. For futures and centrally cleared swaps, the fund is required to deposit collateral in an amount specified by the clearinghouse and the clearing firm (margin requirement), and the margin requirement must be maintained over the life of the contract. Each clearinghouse and clearing firm, in its sole discretion, may adjust the margin requirements applicable to the fund.
Derivatives, such as bilateral swaps, forward currency exchange contracts, and OTC options, that are transacted and settle directly with a counterparty (bilateral derivatives) may expose the fund to greater counterparty risk. To mitigate this risk, the fund has entered into master netting arrangements (MNAs) with certain counterparties that permit net settlement under specified conditions and, for certain counterparties, also require the exchange of collateral to cover mark-to-market exposure. MNAs may be in the form of International Swaps and Derivatives Association master agreements (ISDAs) or foreign exchange letter agreements (FX letters).
MNAs provide the ability to offset amounts the fund owes a counterparty against amounts the counterparty owes the fund (net settlement). Both ISDAs and FX letters generally allow termination of transactions and net settlement upon the occurrence of contractually specified events, such as failure to pay or bankruptcy. In addition, ISDAs specify other events, the occurrence of which would allow one of the parties to terminate. For example, a downgrade in credit rating of a counterparty below a specified rating would allow the fund to terminate, while a decline in the fund’s net assets of more than a specified percentage would allow the counterparty to terminate. Upon termination, all transactions with that counterparty would be liquidated and a net termination amount settled. ISDAs typically include collateral agreements whereas FX letters do not. Collateral requirements are determined daily based on the net aggregate unrealized gain or loss on all bilateral derivatives with a counterparty, subject to minimum transfer amounts that typically range from $100,000 to $250,000. Any additional collateral required due to changes in security values is typically transferred the next business day.
Collateral may be in the form of cash or debt securities issued by the U.S. government or related agencies, although other securities may be used depending on the terms outlined in the applicable MNA. Cash posted by the fund is reflected as cash deposits in the accompanying financial statements and generally is restricted from withdrawal by the fund; securities posted by the fund are so noted in the accompanying Portfolio of Investments; both remain in the fund’s assets. Collateral pledged by counterparties is not included in the fund’s assets because the fund does not obtain effective control over those assets. For bilateral derivatives, collateral posted by the fund is held in a segregated account at the fund’s custodian. While typically not sold in the same manner as equity or fixed income securities, exchange-traded or centrally cleared derivatives may be closed out only on the exchange or clearinghouse where the contracts were cleared, and OTC and bilateral derivatives may be unwound with counterparties or transactions assigned to other counterparties to allow the fund to exit the transaction. This ability is subject to the liquidity of underlying positions. As of December 31, 2021, cash of $1,413,000 had been posted by the fund for exchange-traded and/or centrally cleared derivatives.
The following table summarizes the fund’s OTC and bilateral derivatives at the reporting date by loss exposure to each counterparty after consideration of collateral, if any.
Forward Currency Exchange Contracts The fund is subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives. It uses forward currency exchange contracts (forwards) primarily to protect its non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities from adverse currency movements and to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency, to shift the fund’s foreign currency exposure from one country to another, or to enhance the fund’s return. A forward involves an obligation to purchase or sell a fixed amount of a specific currency on a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. Although certain forwards may be settled by exchanging only the net gain or loss on the contract, most forwards are settled with the exchange of the underlying currencies in accordance with the specified terms. Forwards are valued at the unrealized gain or loss on the contract, which reflects the net amount the fund either is entitled to receive or obligated to deliver, as measured by the difference between the forward exchange rates at the date of entry into the contract and the forward rates at the reporting date. Appreciated forwards are reflected as assets and depreciated forwards are reflected as liabilities on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Risks related to the use of forwards include the possible failure of counterparties to meet the terms of the agreements; that anticipated currency movements will not occur, thereby reducing the fund’s total return; and the potential for losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the volume of the fund’s activity in forwards, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 36% and 52% of net assets.
Futures Contracts The fund is subject to interest rate risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses futures contracts to help manage such risk. The fund may enter into futures contracts to manage exposure to interest rate and yield curve movements, security prices, foreign currencies, credit quality, and mortgage prepayments; as an efficient means of adjusting exposure to all or part of a target market; to enhance income; as a cash management tool; or to adjust portfolio duration and credit exposure. A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another of a specified amount of a specific underlying financial instrument at an agreed-upon price, date, time, and place. The fund currently invests only in exchange-traded futures, which generally are standardized as to maturity date, underlying financial instrument, and other contract terms. Payments are made or received by the fund each day to settle daily fluctuations in the value of the contract (variation margin), which reflect changes in the value of the underlying financial instrument. Variation margin is recorded as unrealized gain or loss until the contract is closed. The value of a futures contract included in net assets is the amount of unsettled variation margin; net variation margin receivable is reflected as an asset and net variation margin payable is reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Risks related to the use of futures contracts include possible illiquidity of the futures markets, contract prices that can be highly volatile and imperfectly correlated to movements in hedged security values and/or interest rates, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the volume of the fund’s activity in futures, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 1% and 7% of net assets.
Options The fund is subject to interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses options to help manage such risks. The fund may use options to manage exposure to security prices, interest rates, foreign currencies, and credit quality; as an efficient means of adjusting exposure to all or a part of a target market; to enhance income; as a cash management tool; or to adjust credit exposure. Options are included in net assets at fair value, options purchased are included in Investments in Securities, and Options written are separately reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Premiums on unexercised, expired options are recorded as realized gains or losses; premiums on exercised options are recorded as an adjustment to the proceeds from the sale or cost of the purchase. The difference between the premium and the amount received or paid in a closing transaction is also treated as realized gain or loss. In return for a premium paid, currency options give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy and sell currency at a specified exchange rate. In return for a premium paid, call and put options on futures give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell, respectively, a position in a particular futures contract at a specified exercise price. Risks related to the use of options include possible illiquidity of the options markets; trading restrictions imposed by an exchange or counterparty; possible failure of counterparties to meet the terms of the agreements; movements in the underlying asset values, interest rates and currency values; and, for options written, the potential for losses to exceed any premium received by the fund. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the volume of the fund’s activity in options, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 1% and 8% of net assets.
Swaps The fund is subject to interest rate risk, credit risk and inflation risk in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives and uses swap contracts to help manage such risks. The fund may use swaps in an effort to manage both long and short exposure to changes in interest rates, inflation rates, and credit quality; to adjust overall exposure to certain markets; to enhance total return or protect the value of portfolio securities; to serve as a cash management tool; or to adjust portfolio duration and credit exposure. Swap agreements can be settled either directly with the counterparty (bilateral swap) or through a central clearinghouse (centrally cleared swap). Fluctuations in the fair value of a contract are reflected in unrealized gain or loss and are reclassified to realized gain or loss upon contract termination or cash settlement. Net periodic receipts or payments required by a contract increase or decrease, respectively, the value of the contract until the contractual payment date, at which time such amounts are reclassified from unrealized to realized gain or loss. For bilateral swaps, cash payments are made or received by the fund on a periodic basis in accordance with contract terms; unrealized gain on contracts and premiums paid are reflected as assets and unrealized loss on contracts and premiums received are reflected as liabilities on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. For bilateral swaps, premiums paid or received are amortized over the life of the swap and are recognized as realized gain or loss in the Statement of Operations. For centrally cleared swaps, payments are made or received by the fund each day to settle the daily fluctuation in the value of the contract (variation margin). Accordingly, the value of a centrally cleared swap included in net assets is the unsettled variation margin; net variation margin receivable is reflected as an asset and net variation margin payable is reflected as a liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
Interest rate swaps are agreements to exchange cash flows based on the difference between specified interest rates applied to a notional principal amount for a specified period of time. Risks related to the use of interest rate swaps include the potential for unanticipated movements in interest or currency rates, the possible failure of a counterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the swap agreements, potential government regulation that could adversely affect the fund’s swap investments, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment.
Credit default swaps are agreements where one party (the protection buyer) agrees to make periodic payments to another party (the protection seller) in exchange for protection against specified credit events, such as certain defaults and bankruptcies related to an underlying credit instrument, or issuer or index of such instruments. Upon occurrence of a specified credit event, the protection seller is required to pay the buyer the difference between the notional amount of the swap and the value of the underlying credit, either in the form of a net cash settlement or by paying the gross notional amount and accepting delivery of the relevant underlying credit. For credit default swaps where the underlying credit is an index, a specified credit event may affect all or individual underlying securities included in the index and will be settled based upon the relative weighting of the affected underlying security(ies) within the index. Risks related to the use of credit default swaps include the possible inability of the fund to accurately assess the current and future creditworthiness of underlying issuers, the possible failure of a counterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the swap agreements, potential government regulation that could adversely affect the fund’s swap investments, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment.
Zero-coupon inflation swaps are agreements to exchange cash flows, on the contract’s maturity date, based on the difference between a predetermined fixed rate and the cumulative change in the consumer price index, both applied to a notional principal amount for a specified period of time. Risks related to the use of zero-coupon inflation swaps include the potential for unanticipated movements in inflation rates, the possible failure of a counterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the swap agreements, potential government regulation that could adversely affect the fund’s swap investments, and potential losses in excess of the fund’s initial investment.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the volume of the fund’s activity in swaps, based on underlying notional amounts, was generally between 11% and 18% of net assets.
NOTE 4 - OTHER INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS
Consistent with its investment objective, the fund engages in the following practices to manage exposure to certain risks and/or to enhance performance. The investment objective, policies, program, and risk factors of the fund are described more fully in the fund’s prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.
Emerging and Frontier Markets The fund invests, either directly or through investments in other T. Rowe Price funds, in securities of companies located in, issued by governments of, or denominated in or linked to the currencies of emerging and frontier market countries. Emerging markets, and to a greater extent frontier markets, generally have economic structures that are less diverse and mature, and political systems that are less stable, than developed countries. These markets may be subject to greater political, economic, and social uncertainty and differing regulatory environments that may potentially impact the fund’s ability to buy or sell certain securities or repatriate proceeds to U.S. dollars. Such securities are often subject to greater price volatility, less liquidity, and higher rates of inflation than U.S. securities. Investing in frontier markets is significantly riskier than investing in other countries, including emerging markets.
Noninvestment-Grade Debt The fund invests, either directly or through its investment in other T. Rowe Price funds, in noninvestment-grade debt, including “high yield” or “junk” bonds or leveraged loans. Noninvestment-grade debt issuers are more likely to suffer an adverse change in financial condition that would result in the inability to meet a financial obligation. The noninvestment-grade debt market may experience sudden and sharp price swings due to a variety of factors that may decrease the ability of issuers to make principal and interest payments and adversely affect the liquidity or value, or both, of such securities. Accordingly, securities issued by such companies carry a higher risk of default and should be considered speculative.
Restricted Securities The fund invests in securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Prompt sale of such securities at an acceptable price may be difficult and may involve substantial delays and additional costs.
LIBOR Transition The fund may invest in instruments that are tied to reference rates, including LIBOR. On March 5, 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of LIBOR, announced its intention to cease publishing a majority of the USD LIBOR settings immediately after publication on June 30, 2023, with the remaining USD LIBOR settings to end immediately after publication on December 31, 2021. There remains uncertainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR and the nature of any replacement rate. Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the fund, or on certain instruments in which the fund invests, cannot yet be determined. The transition process may result in, among other things, an increase in volatility or illiquidity of markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR, a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the fund, or a reduction in the effectiveness of related fund transactions such as hedges. Any such effects could have an adverse impact on the fund’s performance.
Other Purchases and sales of portfolio securities other than short-term securities aggregated $375,046,000 and $371,126,000, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021.
NOTE 5 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
Generally, no provision for federal income taxes is required since the fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and distribute to shareholders all of its taxable income and gains. Distributions determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations may differ in amount or character from net investment income and realized gains for financial reporting purposes.
The fund files U.S. federal, state, and local tax returns as required. The fund’s tax returns are subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities until expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, which is generally three years after the filing of the tax return but which can be extended to six years in certain circumstances. Tax returns for open years have incorporated no uncertain tax positions that require a provision for income taxes.
Financial reporting records are adjusted for permanent book/tax differences to reflect tax character but are not adjusted for temporary differences. The permanent book/tax adjustments have no impact on results of operations or net assets and relate primarily to the character of net currency losses and an over-distribution of taxable income not deemed a return of capital for tax purposes. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the following reclassification was recorded:
Distributions during the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, were characterized for tax purposes as follows:
At December 31, 2021, the tax-basis cost of investments, including derivatives, and components of net assets were as follows:
The difference between book-basis and tax-basis net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is attributable to the deferral of losses from wash sales and/or certain derivative contracts for tax purposes. The fund intends to retain realized gains to the extent of available capital loss carryforwards. Net realized capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely to offset future realized capital gains. In accordance with federal tax laws applicable to investment companies, net specified losses realized between November 1 and December 31 are not recognized for tax purposes until the subsequent year (late-year ordinary loss deferrals); however, such losses are recognized for financial reporting purposes in the year realized.
NOTE 6 - FOREIGN TAXES
The fund is subject to foreign income taxes imposed by certain countries in which it invests. Additionally, capital gains realized upon disposition of securities issued in or by certain foreign countries are subject to capital gains tax imposed by those countries. All taxes are computed in accordance with the applicable foreign tax law, and, to the extent permitted, capital losses are used to offset capital gains. Taxes attributable to income are accrued by the fund as a reduction of income. Current and deferred tax expense attributable to capital gains is reflected as a component of realized or change in unrealized gain/loss on securities in the accompanying financial statements. To the extent that the fund has country specific capital loss carryforwards, such carryforwards are applied against net unrealized gains when determining the deferred tax liability. Any deferred tax liability incurred by the fund is included in either Other liabilities or Deferred tax liability on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
NOTE 7 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The fund is managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (Price Group). Price Associates has entered into a sub-advisory agreement(s) with one or more of its wholly owned subsidiaries, to provide investment advisory services to the fund. The investment management agreement between the fund and Price Associates provides for an annual investment management fee, which is computed daily and paid monthly. The fee consists of an individual fund fee and a group fee. The individual fund fee is equal to 0.36% of the fund’s average daily net assets; prior to October 1, 2021, the individual fund fee had been 0.45%. The group fee rate is calculated based on the combined net assets of certain mutual funds sponsored by Price Associates (the group) applied to a graduated fee schedule, with rates ranging from 0.48% for the first $1 billion of assets to 0.260% for assets in excess of $845 billion. The fund’s group fee is determined by applying the group fee rate to the fund’s average daily net assets. The fee is computed daily and paid monthly. At December 31, 2021, the effective annual group fee rate was 0.28%.
The Advisor Class is subject to a contractual expense limitation through the expense limitation date indicated in the table below. Prior to October 1, 2021, the Advisor Class’s contractual expense limitation was 1.20%. During the limitation period, Price Associates is required to waive its management fee or pay any expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; and other non-recurring expenses permitted by the investment management agreement) that would otherwise cause the class’s ratio of annualized total expenses to average net assets (net expense ratio) to exceed its expense limitation. The class is required to repay Price Associates for expenses previously waived/paid to the extent the class’s net assets grow or expenses decline sufficiently to allow repayment without causing the class’s net expense ratio (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed the lesser of: (1) the expense limitation in place at the time such amounts were waived; or (2) the class’s current expense limitation. However, no repayment will be made more than three years after the date of a payment or waiver.
The I Class is also subject to an operating expense limitation (I Class Limit) pursuant to which Price Associates is contractually required to pay all operating expenses of the I Class, excluding management fees; interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; and other non-recurring expenses permitted by the investment management agreement, to the extent such operating expenses, on an annualized basis, exceed the I Class Limit. This agreement will continue through the expense limitation date indicated in the table below, and may be renewed, revised, or revoked only with approval of the fund’s Board. The I Class is required to repay Price Associates for expenses previously paid to the extent the class’s net assets grow or expenses decline sufficiently to allow repayment without causing the class’s operating expenses (after the repayment is taken into account) to exceed the lesser of: (1) the I Class Limit in place at the time such amounts were paid; or (2) the current I Class Limit. However, no repayment will be made more than three years after the date of a payment or waiver.
The Z Class is also subject to a contractual expense limitation agreement whereby Price Associates has agreed to waive and/or bear all of the Z Class’ expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; and nonrecurring expenses) in their entirety. This fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement arrangement is expected to remain in place indefinitely, and the agreement may only be amended or terminated with approval by the fund’s Board. Expenses of the fund waived/paid by the manager are not subject to later repayment by the fund.
Pursuant to these agreements, expenses were waived/paid by and/or repaid to Price Associates during the year ended December 31, 2021 as indicated in the table below. Including these amounts, expenses previously waived/paid by Price Associates in the amount of $89,000 remain subject to repayment by the fund at December 31, 2021. Any repayment of expenses previously waived/paid by Price Associates during the period would be included in the net investment income and expense ratios presented on the accompanying Financial Highlights.
In addition, the fund has entered into service agreements with Price Associates and two wholly owned subsidiaries of Price Associates, each an affiliate of the fund (collectively, Price). Price Associates provides certain accounting and administrative services to the fund. T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. provides shareholder and administrative services in its capacity as the fund’s transfer and dividend-disbursing agent. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. provides subaccounting and recordkeeping services for certain retirement accounts invested in the Investor Class and Advisor Class. For the year ended December 31, 2021, expenses incurred pursuant to these service agreements were $82,000 for Price Associates; $38,000 for T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.; and less than $1,000 for T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. All amounts due to and due from Price, exclusive of investment management fees payable, are presented net on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
The fund is also one of several mutual funds sponsored by Price Associates (underlying Price Funds) in which the T. Rowe Price Spectrum Funds (Spectrum Funds) have invested. The Spectrum Funds do not invest in the underlying Price Funds for the purpose of exercising management or control. Prior to March 24, 2021, pursuant to special servicing agreements, expenses associated with the operation of the Spectrum Funds were borne by each underlying Price Fund to the extent of estimated savings to it and in proportion to the average daily value of its shares owned by the Spectrum Funds. These special servicing arrangements between the fund and the Spectrum Funds terminated on March 24, 2021. Expenses allocated under these special servicing agreements are reflected as shareholder servicing expense in the accompanying financial statements. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the fund was allocated $75,000 of Spectrum Funds’ expenses. Of these amounts, $46,000 related to services provided by Price. All amounts due to and due from Price, exclusive of investment management fees payable, are presented net on the accompanying Statement of Assets and Liabilities. At December 31, 2021, approximately 100% of the outstanding shares of the Z Class were held by the Spectrum Funds.
The fund may invest its cash reserves in certain open-end management investment companies managed by Price Associates and considered affiliates of the fund: the T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Fund or the T. Rowe Price Treasury Reserve Fund, organized as money market funds, or the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund, a short-term bond fund (collectively, the Price Reserve Funds). The Price Reserve Funds are offered as short-term investment options to mutual funds, trusts, and other accounts managed by Price Associates or its affiliates and are not available for direct purchase by members of the public. Cash collateral from securities lending, if any, is invested in the T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Fund; prior to December 13, 2021, the cash collateral from securities lending was invested in the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Fund. The Price Reserve Funds pay no investment management fees.
The fund may participate in securities purchase and sale transactions with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates (cross trades), in accordance with procedures adopted by the fund’s Board and Securities and Exchange Commission rules, which require, among other things, that such purchase and sale cross trades be effected at the independent current market price of the security. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the fund had no purchases or sales cross trades with other funds or accounts advised by Price Associates.
NOTE 8 - OTHER MATTERS
Unpredictable events such as environmental or natural disasters, war, terrorism, pandemics, outbreaks of infectious diseases, and similar public health threats may significantly affect the economy and the markets and issuers in which a fund invests. Certain events may cause instability across global markets, including reduced liquidity and disruptions in trading markets, while some events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors, and industries more significantly than others, and exacerbate other pre-existing political, social, and economic risks. The fund’s performance could be negatively impacted if the value of a portfolio holding were harmed by such events. Since 2020, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) has resulted in disruptions to global business activity and caused significant volatility and declines in global financial markets. The duration of this outbreak or others and their effects cannot be determined with certainty.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors of T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc. and
Shareholders of T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio of investments, of T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (one of the funds constituting T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc., referred to hereafter as the “Fund”) as of December 31, 2021, the related statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, the statement of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes, and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated therein (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of December 31, 2021, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021 and the financial highlights for each of the periods indicated therein, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of December 31, 2021 by correspondence with the custodians, transfer agent and brokers; when replies were not received from brokers, we performed other auditing procedures. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
February 17, 2022
We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the T. Rowe Price group of investment companies since 1973.
TAX INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) FOR THE TAX YEAR ENDED 12/31/21
We are providing this information as required by the Internal Revenue Code. The amounts shown may differ from those elsewhere in this report because of differences between tax and financial reporting requirements.
The fund will pass through foreign source income of $13,533,000 and foreign taxes paid of $1,195,000.
For shareholders subject to interest expense deduction limitation under Section 163(j), $23,931,000 of the fund’s income qualifies as a Section 163(j) interest dividend and can be treated as interest income for purposes of Section 163(j), subject to holding period requirements and other limitations.
INFORMATION ON PROXY VOTING POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RECORDS
A description of the policies and procedures used by T. Rowe Price funds to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities is available in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information. You may request this document by calling 1-800-225-5132 or by accessing the SEC’s website, sec.gov.
The description of our proxy voting policies and procedures is also available on our corporate website. To access it, please visit the following Web page:
https://www.troweprice.com/corporate/en/utility/policies.html
Scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Policies.” Click on the Proxy Voting Policies link in the shaded box.
Each fund’s most recent annual proxy voting record is available on our website and through the SEC’s website. To access it through T. Rowe Price, visit the website location shown above, and scroll down to the section near the bottom of the page that says, “Proxy Voting Records.” Click on the Proxy Voting Records link in the shaded box.
HOW TO OBTAIN QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The fund files a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. The fund’s reports on Form N-PORT are available electronically on the SEC’s website (sec.gov). In addition, most T. Rowe Price funds disclose their first and third fiscal quarter-end holdings on troweprice.com.
LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
In accordance with Rule 22e-4 (Liquidity Rule) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the fund has established a liquidity risk management program (Liquidity Program) reasonably designed to assess and manage the fund’s liquidity risk, which generally represents the risk that the fund would not be able to meet redemption requests without significant dilution of remaining investors’ interests in the fund. The fund’s Board of Directors (Board) has appointed the fund’s investment advisor, T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates), as the administrator of the Liquidity Program. As administrator, Price Associates is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the Liquidity Program and, among other things, is responsible for assessing, managing, and reviewing with the Board at least annually the liquidity risk of each T. Rowe Price fund. Price Associates has delegated oversight of the Liquidity Program to a Liquidity Risk Committee (LRC), which is a cross-functional committee composed of personnel from multiple departments within Price Associates.
The Liquidity Program’s principal objectives include supporting the T. Rowe Price funds’ compliance with limits on investments in illiquid assets and mitigating the risk that the fund will be unable to timely meet its redemption obligations. The Liquidity Program also includes a number of elements that support the management and assessment of liquidity risk, including an annual assessment of factors that influence the fund’s liquidity and the periodic classification and reclassification of a fund’s investments into categories that reflect the LRC’s assessment of their relative liquidity under current market conditions. Under the Liquidity Program, every investment held by the fund is classified at least monthly into one of four liquidity categories based on estimations of the investment’s ability to be sold during designated time frames in current market conditions without significantly changing the investment’s market value.
As required by the Liquidity Rule, at a meeting held on July 27, 2021, the Board was presented with an annual assessment prepared by the LRC, on behalf of Price Associates, that addressed the operation of the Liquidity Program and assessed its adequacy and effectiveness of implementation, including any material changes to the Liquidity Program and the determination of each fund’s Highly Liquid Investment Minimum (HLIM). The annual assessment included consideration of the following factors, as applicable: the fund’s investment strategy and liquidity of portfolio investments during normal and reasonably foreseeable stressed conditions, including whether the investment strategy is appropriate for an open-end fund, the extent to which the strategy involves a relatively concentrated portfolio or large positions in particular issuers, and the use of borrowings for investment purposes and derivatives; short-term and long-term cash flow projections covering both normal and reasonably foreseeable stressed conditions; and holdings of cash and cash equivalents, as well as available borrowing arrangements.
For the fund and other T. Rowe Price funds, the annual assessment incorporated a report related to a fund’s holdings, shareholder and portfolio concentration, any borrowings during the period, cash flow projections, and other relevant data for the period of April 1, 2020, through March 31, 2021. The report described the methodology for classifying a fund’s investments (including derivative transactions) into one of four liquidity categories, as well as the percentage of a fund’s investments assigned to each category. It also explained the methodology for establishing a fund’s HLIM and noted that the LRC reviews the HLIM assigned to each fund no less frequently than annually.
During the period covered by the annual assessment, the LRC has concluded, and reported to the Board, that the Liquidity Program continues to operate adequately and effectively and is reasonably designed to assess and manage the fund’s liquidity risk.
ABOUT THE FUND’S DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Your fund is overseen by a Board of Directors (Board) that meets regularly to review a wide variety of matters affecting or potentially affecting the fund, including performance, investment programs, compliance matters, advisory fees and expenses, service providers, and business and regulatory affairs. The Board elects the fund’s officers, who are listed in the final table. At least 75% of the Board’s members are considered to be independent, i.e., not “interested persons” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, of the Boards of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (T. Rowe Price), and its affiliates; “interested” directors and officers are employees of T. Rowe Price. The business address of each director and officer is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The Statement of Additional Information includes additional information about the fund directors and is available without charge by calling a T. Rowe Price representative at 1-800-638-5660.
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS(a)
| Name (Year of Birth) Year Elected [Number of T. Rowe Price Portfolios Overseen] |
Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships of Public Companies and Other Investment Companies During the Past Five Years | |
| Teresa Bryce Bazemore (1959) 2018 [204] |
President and Chief Executive Officer, Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (2021 to present); President, Radian Guaranty (2008 to 2017); Chief Executive Officer, Bazemore Consulting LLC (2018 to 2021); Director, Chimera Investment Corporation (2017 to 2021); Director, First Industrial Realty Trust (2020 to present); Director, Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (2017 to 2019) | |
| Ronald J. Daniels (1959) 2018 [204] |
President, The Johns Hopkins University(b) and Professor, Political Science Department, The Johns Hopkins University (2009 to present); Director, Lyndhurst Holdings (2015 to present); Director, BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. (2020 to present) | |
| Bruce W. Duncan (1951) 2013 [204] |
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director, CyrusOne, Inc. (2020 to 2021); Chief Executive Officer and Director (2009 to 2016), Chair of the Board (2016 to 2020), and President (2009 to 2016), First Industrial Realty Trust, owner and operator of industrial properties; Chair of the Board (2005 to 2016) and Director (1999 to 2016), Starwood Hotels & Resorts, a hotel and leisure company; Member, Investment Company Institute Board of Governors (2017 to 2019); Member, Independent Directors Council Governing Board (2017 to 2019); Senior Advisor, KKR (2018 to present); Director, Boston Properties (2016 to present); Director, Marriott International, Inc. (2016 to 2020) | |
| Robert J. Gerrard, Jr. (1952) 2012 [204] |
Advisory Board Member, Pipeline Crisis/Winning Strategies, a collaborative working to improve opportunities for young African Americans (1997 to 2016); Chair of the Board, all funds (July 2018 to present) | |
| Paul F. McBride (1956) 2013 [204] |
Advisory Board Member, Vizzia Technologies (2015 to present); Board Member, Dunbar Armored (2012 to 2018) | |
| Cecilia E. Rouse, Ph.D.(c) (1963) 2013 [0] |
Dean, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (2012 to present); Professor and Researcher, Princeton University (1992 to present); Director of Education Studies Committee, MDRC, a nonprofit education and social policy research organization (2011 to 2020); Member, National Academy of Education (2010 to present); Board Member, National Bureau of Economic Research (2011 to present); Board Member of the Council on Foreign Relations (2018 to present); Board Member, The Pennington School (2017 to present); Board Member, the University of Rhode Island (2020 to present); Chair of Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economic Profession of the American Economic Association (2012 to 2018); Vice President (2015 to 2016) and Board Member (2018 to present), American Economic Association | |
| John G. Schreiber(d) (1946) 2001 [0] |
Owner/President, Centaur Capital Partners, Inc., a real estate investment company (1991 to present); Cofounder, Partner, and Cochair of the Investment Committee, Blackstone Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (1992 to 2015); Director, Blackstone Mortgage Trust, a real estate finance company (2012 to 2016); Director and Chair of the Board, Brixmor Property Group, Inc. (2013 to present); Director, Hilton Worldwide (2007 to present); Director, Hudson Pacific Properties (2014 to 2016); Director, Invitation Homes (2014 to 2017); Director, JMB Realty Corporation (1980 to present) | |
| Kellye Walker(e) (1966) 2021 [204] |
Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Eastman Chemical Company (April 2020 to present); Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. (NYSE: HIl) (January 2015 to March 2020); Director, Lincoln Electric Company (October 2020 to present) | |
| (a)All information about the independent directors was current as of December 31, 2020, unless otherwise indicated, except for the number of portfolios overseen, which is current as of the date of this report. | ||
| (b)William J. Stromberg, chair of the Board, director, and chief executive officer of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., the parent company of the Price Funds’ investment advisor, has served on the Board of Trustees of Johns Hopkins University since 2014. | ||
| (c)Effective March 4, 2021, Dr. Rouse resigned from her role as independent director of the Price Funds. | ||
| (d)Effective December 31, 2021, Mr. Schreiber resigned from his role as independent director of the Price Funds. | ||
| (e)Effective November 8, 2021, Ms. Walker was elected as independent director of the Price Funds. | ||
INTERESTED DIRECTORS(a)
| Name (Year of Birth) Year Elected [Number of T. Rowe Price Portfolios Overseen] |
Principal Occupation(s) and Directorships of Public Companies and Other Investment Companies During the Past Five Years | |
| David Oestreicher (1967) 2018 [204] |
General Counsel, Vice President, and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Chair of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director, Vice President, and Secretary, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.; Director and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Investment Management, Inc. (Price Investment Management); Vice President and Secretary, T. Rowe Price International (Price International); Vice President, T. Rowe Price Hong Kong (Price Hong Kong), T. Rowe Price Japan (Price Japan), and T. Rowe Price Singapore (Price Singapore); Principal Executive Officer and Executive Vice President, all funds | |
| Robert W. Sharps, CFA, CPA (1971) 2017 [204] |
Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Director, Price Investment Management; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Vice President, International Funds | |
| (a)All information about the interested directors was current as of December 31, 2020, unless otherwise indicated, except for the number of portfolios overseen, which is current as of the date of this report. | ||
OFFICERS
| Name (Year of Birth) Position Held With International Funds |
Principal Occupation(s) | |
| Mariel Abreu (1981) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Jason R. Adams (1979) Executive Vice President |
Vice President T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Ulle Adamson, CFA (1979) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Roy H. Adkins (1970) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Syed H. Ali (1970) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Kennard W. Allen (1977) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Paulina Amieva (1981) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Malik S. Asif (1981) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Ziad Bakri, M.D., CFA (1980) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Harishankar Balkrishna (1983) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Sheena L. Barbosa (1983) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Peter J. Bates, CFA (1974) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Jason A. Bauer (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Luis M. Baylac (1982) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| R. Scott Berg, CFA (1972) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Steven E. Boothe, CFA (1977) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Peter I. Botoucharov (1965) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Tala Boulos (1984) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Christopher P. Brown, CFA (1977) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Shiu Tak Chan (1981) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Andrew Chang (1983) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Carolyn Hoi Che Chu (1974) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Vincent Chung (1988) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International; formerly, Investment Analyst/Trader, Observatory Capital Management LLP (to 2019) | |
| Archibald Ciganer, CFA (1976) Executive Vice President |
Director and Vice President, Price Japan; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Richard N. Clattenburg, CFA (1979) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Michael J. Conelius, CFA (1964) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Michael F. Connelly, CFA (1977) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Andrew S. Davis (1978) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Richard de los Reyes (1975) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Michael Della Vedova (1969) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Iona Dent, CFA (1991) Vice President |
Vice President, Price International; formerly, Associate, Equity Research, Deutsche Bank (to 2018) | |
| Maria Elena Drew (1973) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International; formerly, Executive Director, Goldman Sachs Asset Management (to 2017) | |
| Shawn T. Driscoll (1975) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Alan S. Dupski, CPA (1982) Principal Financial Officer, Vice President, and Treasurer |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Bridget A. Ebner (1970) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| David J. Eiswert, CFA (1972) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Dawei Feng (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Head of China Consumer in Equity Research, Credit Lyonnais Asia-Pacific (to 2018) | |
| Ryan W. Ferro (1985) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Mark S. Finn, CFA, CPA (1963) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Quentin S. Fitzsimmons (1968) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Melissa C. Gallagher (1974) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Justin T. Gerbereux, CFA (1975) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Aaron Gifford, CFA (1987) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Strategist, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (to 2017) | |
| John R. Gilner (1961) Chief Compliance Officer |
Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. | |
| Vishnu V. Gopal (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Joel Grant (1978) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Gary J. Greb (1961) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Paul D. Greene II (1978) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Benjamin Griffiths, CFA (1977) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Gianluca Guicciardi (1983) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International | |
| Shaoyu Guo (1992) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong; formerly, Economist, J.P. Morgan (to 2020); Research Analyst, International Monetary Fund (to 2017) | |
| Richard L. Hall (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Nabil Hanano, CFA (1984) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Jeffrey Holford, Ph.D., ACA (1972) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Managing Director, Jeffries Financial Group (to 2018) | |
| Stefan Hubrich, Ph.D., CFA (1974) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Arif Husain, CFA (1972) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Tetsuji Inoue (1971) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Michael Jacobs (1971) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Japan, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Randal S. Jenneke (1971) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Prashant G. Jeyaganesh (1983) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Nina P. Jones, CPA (1980) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Yoichiro Kai (1973) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Jacob H. Kann, CFA (1987) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Jai Kapadia (1982) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Andrew J. Keirle (1974) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Takanori Kobayashi (1981) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Japan, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International; formerly, Research Analyst, Allianz Global Investors (to 2017) | |
| Paul J. Krug, CPA (1964) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Christopher J. Kushlis, CFA (1976) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International | |
| Shengrong Lau (1982) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Lu Liu (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Johannes Loefstrand (1988) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Anh Lu (1968) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Sebastien Mallet (1974) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Jennifer Martin (1972) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Ryan Martyn (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Colin McQueen (1967) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International; formerly, Senior Investment Manager, Global Equities, Sanlam FOUR Investments UK Limited (to 2019) | |
| Raymond A. Mills, Ph.D., CFA (1960) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Jihong Min (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Eric C. Moffett (1974) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Ivan Morozov, CFA (1987) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Samy B. Muaddi, CFA (1984) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Tobias F. Mueller, CFA (1980) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Razan Nasser (1985) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International; formerly, Senior Economist, HSBC Bank Middle East Ltd (to 2019) | |
| Joshua Nelson (1977) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Philip A. Nestico (1976) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Sridhar Nishtala (1975) Vice President |
Director and Vice President, Price Singapore; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Jason Nogueira, CFA (1974) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Kenneth A. Orchard (1975) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Oluwaseun Oyegunle, CFA (1984) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Gonzalo Pángaro, CFA (1968) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Fran M. Pollack-Matz (1961) Vice President and Secretary |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. | |
| Shannon H. Rauser (1987) Assistant Secretary |
Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price | |
| Todd Reese (1990) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price | |
| Melanie A. Rizzo (1982) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| David L. Rowlett, CFA (1975) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Federico Santilli, CFA (1974) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Nikolaj Schmidt (1975) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Sebastian Schrott (1977) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Bin Shen, CFA (1987) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| John C.A. Sherman (1969) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Gabriel Solomon (1977) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Scott D. Solomon, CFA (1981) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Joshua K. Spencer, CFA (1973) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| David Stanley (1963) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Saurabh Sud, CFA (1985) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly, Senior Vice President, PIMCO (to 2018) | |
| Taymour R. Tamaddon, CFA (1976) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Ju Yen Tan (1972) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Sin Dee Tan, CFA (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Siby Thomas (1979) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Justin Thomson (1968) President |
Director, Price Hong Kong; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Director and Vice President, Price International | |
| Mark J. Vaselkiv (1958) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Rupinder Vig (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Willem Visser (1979) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, Investment Analyst, NN Investment Partners (to 2017) | |
| Christopher Vost (1989) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Zenon Voyiatzis (1971) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Verena E. Wachnitz, CFA (1978) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| David J. Wallack (1960) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
| Dai Wang (1989) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Megan Warren (1968) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; formerly, Executive Director, JPMorgan Chase (to 2017) | |
| Hiroshi Watanabe, CFA (1975) Vice President |
Director and Vice President, Price Japan; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| James Howard Woodward, CFA (1974) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Marta Yago (1977) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and Price International | |
| Benjamin T. Yeagle (1978) Vice President |
Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Ernest C. Yeung, CFA (1979) Executive Vice President |
Director and Vice President, Price Hong Kong; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Eric Yuan (1984) Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Wenli Zheng (1979) Executive Vice President |
Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
| Unless otherwise noted, officers have been employees of T. Rowe Price or Price International for at least 5 years. | ||
Item 1. (b) Notice pursuant to Rule 30e-3.
Not applicable.
Item 2. Code of Ethics.
The registrant has adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 2 of Form N-CSR, applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of this code of ethics is filed as an exhibit to this Form N-CSR. No substantive amendments were approved or waivers were granted to this code of ethics during the period covered by this report.
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
The registrant’s Board of Directors has determined that Ms. Teresa Bryce Bazemore qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, as defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR. Ms. Bazemore is considered independent for purposes of Item 3 of Form N-CSR.
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
(a) – (d) Aggregate fees billed for the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered to, or on behalf of, the registrant by the registrant’s principal accountant were as follows:
Audit fees include amounts related to the audit of the registrant’s annual financial statements and services normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings. Audit-related fees include amounts reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the registrant’s financial statements and specifically include the issuance of a report on internal controls and, if applicable, agreed-upon procedures related to fund acquisitions. Tax fees include amounts related to services for tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice. The nature of these services specifically includes the review of distribution calculations and the preparation of Federal, state, and excise tax returns. All other fees include the registrant’s pro-rata share of amounts for agreed-upon procedures in conjunction with service contract approvals by the registrant’s Board of Directors/Trustees.
(e)(1) The registrant’s audit committee has adopted a policy whereby audit and non-audit services performed by the registrant’s principal accountant for the registrant, its investment adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant require pre-approval in advance at regularly scheduled audit committee meetings. If such a service is required between regularly scheduled audit committee meetings, pre-approval may be authorized by one audit committee member with ratification at the next scheduled audit committee meeting. Waiver of pre-approval for audit or non-audit services requiring fees of a de minimis amount is not permitted.
(2) No services included in (b) – (d) above were approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
(f) Less than 50 percent of the hours expended on the principal accountant’s engagement to audit the registrant’s financial statements for the most recent fiscal year were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant’s full-time, permanent employees.
(g) The aggregate fees billed for the most recent fiscal year and the preceding fiscal year by the registrant’s principal accountant for non-audit services rendered to the registrant, its investment adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant were $3,732,000 and $3,781,000, respectively.
(h) All non-audit services rendered in (g) above were pre-approved by the registrant’s audit committee. Accordingly, these services were considered by the registrant’s audit committee in maintaining the principal accountant’s independence.
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.
Not applicable.
Item 6. Investments.
(a) Not applicable. The complete schedule of investments is included in Item 1 of this Form N-CSR.
(b) Not applicable.
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.
Not applicable.
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
There has been no change to the procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the registrant’s board of directors.
Item 11. Controls and Procedures.
(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures within 90 days of this filing and have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of that date, in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this Form N-CSR was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported timely.
(b) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer are aware of no change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 12. Disclosure of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 13. Exhibits.
(a)(1) The registrant’s code of ethics pursuant to Item 2 of Form N-CSR is attached.
(3) Written solicitation to repurchase securities issued by closed-end companies: not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
T. Rowe Price International Funds, Inc.
| By | /s/ David Oestreicher | |||
| David Oestreicher | ||||
| Principal Executive Officer | ||||
| Date | February 17, 2022 | |||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| By | /s/ David Oestreicher | |||
| David Oestreicher | ||||
| Principal Executive Officer | ||||
| Date | February 17, 2022 | |||
| By | /s/ Alan S. Dupski | |||
| Alan S. Dupski | ||||
| Principal Financial Officer | ||||
| Date | February 17, 2022 | |||