RESTRUCTURING

On an ongoing basis, the Company reviews the global economy, the healthcare industry, and the markets in which it competes to identify opportunities for efficiencies, enhance commercial capabilities, align its resources and offer its customers better solutions. In order to realize these opportunities, the Company undertakes restructuring-type activities to transform its business.

During fiscal 2018, the Company launched a Complexity Reduction Initiative (the "2018 Program"), a company-wide restructuring program designed to improve operational performance and reduce cost, freeing up resources to invest in accelerated growth. This program includes a reduction of headcount and operating costs which will enable a more streamlined organizational structure. The Company expects to incur aggregate charges between $50 million and $60 million associated with these actions, of which it expects $35 million to $40 million will consist of severance and other employee costs and the remainder will consist of other exit costs, primarily related to third party services. These charges, substantially all of which will result in cash outlays, will be incurred as the specific actions required to execute on these initiatives are identified and approved and are expected to continue through fiscal 2020. During the three and six months ended September 29, 2018, the Company incurred $1.9 million and $5.3 million, respectively, of restructuring and turnaround costs under this program. Total cumulative charges under this program are $41.9 million.

During fiscal 2017, the Company launched a restructuring program (the "2017 Program") designed to reposition its organization and improve its cost structure. During the three and six months ended September 29, 2018, there were nominal restructuring and turnaround charges recorded under this program. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred $5.2 million and $7.7 million, respectively, of restructuring and turnaround costs under this program. The 2017 Program is substantially complete.

The following table summarizes the activity for restructuring reserves related to the 2018 Program and the 2017 Program for the six months ended September 29, 2018, substantially all of which relates to employee severance and other employee costs:



(In thousands)	2018 Program			2017 Program			Total
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	27,129		$	1,406		$	28,535
Costs incurred, net of reversals	(382		)	57			(325		)
Payments	(12,159		)	(984		)	(13,143		)
Non-cash adjustments	(96		)	—			(96		)
Balance at September 29, 2018	$	14,492		$	479		$	14,971

The substantial majority of restructuring costs during the three and six months ended September 29, 2018 have been included as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. As of September 29, 2018, the Company had a restructuring liability of $15.0 million, of which $13.6 million is payable within the next twelve months.

In addition to the restructuring costs included in the table above, during the three and six months ended September 29, 2018, the Company also incurred costs of $2.2 million and $5.8 million, respectively, that do not constitute restructuring under ASC 420, Exit and Disposal Cost Obligations, which it refers to as turnaround costs. These costs, substantially all of which have been included as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, consist primarily of expenditures directly related to the restructuring actions and include program management costs associated with the implementation of outsourcing initiatives and recent accounting standards.

The tables below present restructuring and turnaround costs by reportable segment:



Restructuring costs	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017
Japan	$	91		$	2	$	102		$	111
EMEA	(5		)	15		119			25
North America Plasma	—			—		(40		)	—
All Other	(119		)	134		(506		)	1,071
Total	$	(33	)	$	151	$	(325	)	$	1,207

Turnaround costs	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017		September 29, 2018			September 30, 2017
Japan	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—
EMEA	—			20		28			26
North America Plasma	31			197		41			349
All Other	2,120			5,419		5,723			6,688
Total	$	2,151		$	5,636	$	5,792		$	7,063

Total restructuring and turnaround costs	$	2,118		$	5,787	$	5,467		$	8,270