Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012	Jun. 30, 2011
Operating activities
Net income	$ 693	$ 624
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	278	280
Contributions to pension plans	(355)	(309)
Contributions to other postretirement benefits plans	(35)	(132)
Changes in working capital	(444)	(472)
Other-net	234	56
Net cash provided by operating activities	371	47
Investing activities
Cash paid for acquisitions of businesses	(365)	(212)
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment	(231)	(221)
Sales of short-term investments-net	35	251
Other-net	(21)	7
Net cash used in investing activities	(582)	(175)
Borrowings with original maturities of more than three months
Proceeds	600	307
Payments	(17)	(17)
(Payments) borrowings with original maturities of less than three months-net	(1)	18
Cash dividends paid	(255)	(232)
Exercise of equity-based awards	44	62
Repurchase of shares	0	(68)
Excess tax benefit from equity-based compensation	21	0
Other-net	(47)	(5)
Net cash provided by financing activities	345	65
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	6	12
Total increase (decrease) in cash	140	(51)
Cash at the beginning of the period	385	333
Cash at the end of the period	$ 525	$ 282

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Includes currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. It also includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits in that the Entity may deposit additional funds at any time and also effectively may withdraw funds at any time without prior notice or penalty. Cash equivalents, excluding items classified as marketable securities, include short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present minimal risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments with original maturities of three months or less qualify under that definition. Original maturity means original maturity to the entity holding the investment. For example, both a three-month US Treasury bill and a three-year Treasury note purchased three months from maturity qualify as cash equivalents. However, a Treasury note purchased three years ago does not become a cash equivalent when its remaining maturity is three months. Compensating balance arrangements that do not legally restrict the withdrawal or usage of cash amounts may be reported as Cash and Cash Equivalents, while legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits are not generally reported as cash and cash equivalents. Includes cash and cash equivalents associated with the entity's continuing operations. Excludes cash and cash equivalents associated with the disposal group (and discontinued operation).