Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (USD $) In Millions, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Dec. 31, 2009
Operating activities
Net income	$ 1,352	$ 937	$ 385
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	556	551	573
Deferred income taxes	(113)	26	(191)
Pension expense	227	179	270
Contributions to pension plans	(372)	(403)	(271)
Contributions to other postretirement benefits plans	(223)	(82)	(87)
Excess tax benefit from equity-based compensation	(57)	0	(4)
Changes in working capital
Accounts receivable-net	(219)	(305)	440
Inventory	(113)	(219)	292
Accounts payable	92	322	(73)
Accrued compensation	(38)	203	(50)
Accrued income and other taxes	123	(11)	34
Other current assets	11	(46)	48
Other current liabilites	(30)	22	58
Other-net	52	108	(16)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,248	1,282	1,408
Investing activities
Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment	(568)	(394)	(195)
Cash paid for acquisitions of businesses	(325)	(222)	(10)
Sales (purchases) of short-term investments-net	103	(392)	(64)
Other-net	(10)	(4)	44
Net cash used in investing activities	(800)	(1,012)	(225)
Borrowings with original maturities of more than three months
Proceeds	353	55	558
Payments	(65)	(65)	(887)
Borrowings (payments) with original maturities of less than three months-net (primarily commercial paper)	12	(37)	(424)
Cash dividends paid	(462)	(363)	(334)
Exercise of employee stock options	71	157	27
Repurchase of shares	(343)	0	0
Excess tax benefit from equity-based compensation	57	0	4
Other-net	(4)	(8)	(5)
Net cash used in financing activities	(381)	(261)	(1,061)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash	(15)	(16)	30
Total increase (decrease) in cash	52	(7)	152
Cash at the beginning of the period	333	340	188
Cash at the end of the period	$ 385	$ 333	$ 340

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Includes currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. It also includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits in that the Entity may deposit additional funds at any time and also effectively may withdraw funds at any time without prior notice or penalty. Cash equivalents, excluding items classified as marketable securities, include short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present minimal risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments with original maturities of three months or less qualify under that definition. Original maturity means original maturity to the entity holding the investment. For example, both a three-month US Treasury bill and a three-year Treasury note purchased three months from maturity qualify as cash equivalents. However, a Treasury note purchased three years ago does not become a cash equivalent when its remaining maturity is three months. Compensating balance arrangements that do not legally restrict the withdrawal or usage of cash amounts may be reported as Cash and Cash Equivalents, while legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or company statements of intention with regard to particular deposits are not generally reported as cash and cash equivalents. Includes cash and cash equivalents associated with the entity's continuing operations. Excludes cash and cash equivalents associated with the disposal group (and discontinued operation).