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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

NOTE 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).  The following is a description of the significant accounting policies of Kodak.

 

BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of EKC and all companies directly or indirectly controlled by EKC, either through majority ownership or otherwise.  Kodak consolidates variable interest entities if Kodak has a controlling financial interest and is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the entity.

 

GOING CONCERN

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis of accounting, which assumes Kodak will continue to operate as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.  

 

The Company has $395 million of outstanding indebtedness under the Term Credit Agreement.  The loans made under the Term Credit Agreement become due on the earlier to occur of (i) the maturity date of September 3, 2019 or (ii) the acceleration of such loans following the occurrence of an event of default (as defined in the Term Credit Agreement).  The Company also has issued approximately $85 million and $96 million of letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Should the Company not repay, refinance or extend the maturity of the loans under the existing Term Credit Agreement prior to June 5, 2019, the termination date will occur under the ABL Credit Agreement on such date unless the ABL Credit Agreement has been amended in the interim.  Upon the occurrence of the termination date under the ABL Credit Agreement, the obligations thereunder will become due and the Company will need to provide alternate collateral in place of the letters of credit issued under the ABL Credit Agreement.

 

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, Kodak had approximately $246 million and $343 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents.  $117 million and $172 million was held in the U.S. as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $129 million and $171 million were held outside the U.S. Cash balances held outside the U.S. are generally required to support local country operations and may have high tax costs or other limitations that delay the ability to repatriate, and therefore may not be readily available for transfer to other jurisdictions.  Outstanding inter-company loans to the U.S. as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $390 million and $358 million, respectively, which includes short-term intercompany loans from Kodak’s international finance center of $92 million and $59 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In China, where approximately $72 million and $108 million of cash and cash equivalents was held as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, there are limitations related to net asset balances that may impact the ability to make cash available to other jurisdictions in the world.  Kodak had a net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $102 million and $109 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.  

 

U.S. GAAP requires an evaluation of whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Initially, this evaluation does not consider the potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented. When substantial doubt exists, management evaluates the mitigating effect of its plans if it is probable that (1) the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date the financial statements are issued, and (2) when implemented, the plans will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued or prior to the conditions or events that create the going concern risk.

 

As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, Kodak has debt coming due within twelve months and does not have committed financing or available liquidity to meet such debt obligations if they were to become due in accordance with their current terms.  

Reporting requirements under the Term Credit Agreement require the Company to provide annual audited financial statements accompanied by an opinion of an independent public accountant without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception and without any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit or other material qualification or exception, except for any such qualification or exception with respect to any indebtedness maturing within 364 days after the date of such financial statements.  Lenders may take the position that the going concern explanatory paragraph contained in the audit report on the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 does not satisfy the requirements under the Term Credit Agreement.  Under the Term Credit Agreement, if notice of a failure to comply with the reporting covenant is given to the Company by the lenders, an event of default would occur thereunder if such failure is not cured within thirty days after such notice is given, unless such event of default is waived by the requisite lenders.  In the event of default, the debt could become immediately due.

 

The Company’s ABL Credit Agreement contains an opinion delivery requirement that corresponds to the requirement under the Term Credit Agreement, although under the ABL Credit Agreement there is an additional requirement that the opinion be reasonably acceptable to the agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.  On March 31, 2019 the Company obtained a waiver from the agent and lenders under the ABL Credit Agreement with respect to any event of default under the reporting covenant that may be deemed to occur in relation to the going concern explanatory paragraph in the audit report.   Such waiver does not waive any cross-default that may occur in the event of the occurrence of an event of default under the Term Credit Agreement as described above.

 

Kodak entered into an agreement to sell its Flexographic Packaging Division (“FPD”) on November 11, 2018.  The Company expects to close the sale of FPD as early as April 8, 2019 and intends to use the proceeds of such sale to reduce the loans outstanding under the Term Credit Agreement.  The Company has also been engaged in negotiations to refinance the portion of the Term Credit Agreement that will not be paid from proceeds from the sale of FPD.  The Company intends to amend and restate or refinance the Term Credit Agreement prior to the maturity of the Term Credit Agreement or ABL Credit Agreement and prior to the date on which any event of default would occur under the Term Credit Agreement.

 

Additionally, Kodak is facing liquidity challenges due to operating losses and negative cash flow.  Based on forecasted cash flows, there are uncertainties regarding Kodak’s ability to meet commitments in the U.S. as they come due.  Kodak’s plans to improve cash flow include reducing interest expense by decreasing the debt balance using proceeds from asset sales, including the sale of the Flexographic Packaging segment; further restructuring Kodak’s cost structure; and paring investment in new technology by eliminating, slowing, and partnering with investors in product development programs.

 

The sale of the Flexographic Packaging segment and/or refinancing of the loans under the Term Credit Agreement are not solely within Kodak’s control.  Executing agreements for the sale or a refinancing of the loans under the Term Credit Agreement and the timing for a closing of the sale or a refinancing of the loans under the Term Credit Agreement are dependent upon several external factors outside Kodak’s control, including but not limited to, the ability of the Company to reach acceptable agreements with different counterparties and the time required to meet conditions to closing under a sale agreement or credit facility.

 

Kodak makes no assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty or timing of consummating any asset sales, including of the Flexographic Packaging segment, refinancing of the Company’s existing debt, or regarding the sufficiency of any such actions to meet Kodak’s debt obligations, including compliance with debt covenants, or other commitments in the U.S. as they come due.

 

These conditions raise substantial doubt about Kodak’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

For more information regarding the Term Credit Agreement, the ABL Credit Agreement and debt covenants see Note 9, “Debt and Capital Leases”.

 

RECLASSIFICATIONS

Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period classification due to adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2017-07, Compensation – Retirements Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and New Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost and a change in segment measure to exclude amortization of prior service costs and credits. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Note 26, “Segment Information” for additional information.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP accounting requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of commitments and contingencies at year end, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods presented.  Actual results could differ from these estimates.

FOREIGN CURRENCY

For most subsidiaries and branches outside the U.S., the local currency is the functional currency.  The financial statements of these subsidiaries and branches are translated into U.S. dollars as follows: assets and liabilities at year-end exchange rates; revenue, expenses and cash flows at average exchange rates; and shareholders’ equity at historical exchange rates.  For those subsidiaries for which the local currency is the functional currency, the resulting translation adjustment is recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

For certain other subsidiaries and branches outside the U.S., operations are conducted primarily in U.S. dollars, which is therefore the functional currency.  Monetary assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries and branches, which are recorded in local currency, are remeasured at year-end exchange rates, while the related revenue, expense, and gain and loss accounts, which are recorded in local currency, are remeasured at average exchange rates.  Non-monetary assets and liabilities, and the related revenue, expense, and gain and loss accounts, are remeasured at historical exchange rates.  Adjustments that result from the remeasurement of the assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are included in Other (income) charges, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The effects of foreign currency transactions, including related hedging activities, are included in Other (income) charges, net, in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

Financial instruments that potentially subject Kodak to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, restricted cash and derivative instruments.  Kodak places its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash with high-quality financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one institution.  With respect to receivables, such receivables arise from sales to numerous customers in a variety of industries, markets, and geographies around the world.  Receivables arising from these sales are generally not collateralized.  Kodak performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial conditions and maintains reserves for potential credit losses and such losses, in the aggregate, have not exceeded management’s expectations.  Counterparties to the derivative instrument contracts are major financial institutions.  Kodak has not experienced non-performance by any of its derivative instrument counterparties.

CASH EQUIVALENTS

All highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents.

INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market.  The cost of all of Kodak’s inventories is determined by the average cost method, which approximates current cost.  Kodak provides inventory reserves for excess, obsolete or slow-moving inventory based on changes in customer demand, technology developments or other economic factors.

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation.  Kodak capitalizes additions and improvements while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.  Upon sale or other disposition, the applicable amounts of asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the net amount, less proceeds from disposal, is charged or credited to net (loss) earnings.

Kodak calculates depreciation expense using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which are as follows:

 

 

 

Estimated Useful Lives

Buildings and building improvements

 

5-40

Land improvements

 

4-20

Leasehold improvements

 

3-20

Equipment

 

3-20

Tooling

 

1-3

Furniture and fixtures

 

5-10

 

Kodak depreciates leasehold improvements over the shorter of the lease term or the asset’s estimated useful life.

Equipment subject to operating leases is included in Property, plant and equipment, net in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  Equipment subject to operating leases consists of equipment rented to customers and is depreciated to estimated salvage value over its expected useful life.  Equipment operating lease terms and depreciable lives generally vary from 3 to 7 years.

GOODWILL

Goodwill is not amortized but is required to be assessed for impairment at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.

When testing goodwill for impairment, Kodak may assess qualitative factors for some or all of its reporting units to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill.  If Kodak determines based on this qualitative test of impairment that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount or elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for some or all of its reporting units, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed to test for a potential impairment of goodwill.  The amount of goodwill impairment, if any, is calculated as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.  Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions.  Refer to Note 5, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”.

WORKERS’ COMPENSATION

Kodak self-insures and participates in high-deductible insurance programs with retention and per occurrence deductible levels for claims related to workers’ compensation. The estimated liability for workers’ compensation is based on actuarially estimated, discounted cost of claims, including claims incurred but not reported.   Historical loss development factors are utilized to project the future development of incurred losses, and the amounts are adjusted based on actual claim experience, settlements, claim development trends, changes in state regulations and judicial interpretations.  Refer to Note 7, “Other Current Liabilities” and Note 8, “Other Long-Term Liabilities” for the estimated liabilities.  Amounts recoverable from insurance companies or third parties are estimated using historical experience and estimates of future recoveries.  Estimated recoveries are not offset against the related accrual.  The amount recorded for the estimated recoveries at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $20 million and $25 million, respectively, of which $17 million and $22 million, respectively, is reported in Other long-term assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  The remaining $3 million at each year end is reported in Other current assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. 

REVENUE

 

Kodak’s revenue transactions include sales of products (such as components and consumables for use in Kodak and other manufacturers’ equipment and film-based products): equipment, software, services, integrated solutions, intellectual property and brand licensing; and real estate management activities.  Revenue from services includes extended warranty, customer support and maintenance agreements, consulting, business process services, training and education.

 

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration Kodak expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

 

For product sales (such as plates, film, inks, chemicals and other consumables) revenue is recognized when control has transferred from Kodak to the buyer, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery to the customer site, based on contract terms or legal requirements in certain jurisdictions. Service revenue is recognized using the time-based method ratably over the contractual period as it best depicts when the customer receives the benefit from the service.  Service revenue for time and materials-based agreements is recognized as services is performed.

 

Equipment is generally dependent on, and interrelated with, the underlying operating system (firm ware) and cannot function without the operating system. In these cases, the hardware and software license are accounted for as a single performance obligation. Contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations including equipment, and optional software licenses and service agreements. Service agreements may be prepaid or paid over-time and range from three months to six years. For such arrangements, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are based on the prices charged to customers or using expected cost-plus margin.

 

For non-complex equipment installations and software sales (Prepress and Prosper Components and Unified Workflow Solutions businesses) revenue is recognized when control of each distinct performance obligation has transferred from Kodak to the buyer, which is generally met when the equipment or software is delivered and installed at the customer site as delivery and installation generally occur within the same period.  For complex equipment installations or integrated software solutions (Prosper Presses, Electrophotographic Printing Solutions Printers, Unified Workflow Solutions) revenue is deferred until receipt of customer acceptance and control has transferred to the buyer.

 

Software licenses are sold both in bundled equipment arrangements as discussed above or on a stand-alone basis (Unified Workflow Solutions business).  Software licenses are generally perpetual and are usually sold with post-contract support services (“PCS”) which are considered distinct performance obligations as the customer’s use of the existing software is not dependent upon future upgrades. Kodak recognizes software revenue at the time that the customer obtains control over the software which generally occurs upon installation while revenue allocated to the PCS is recognized over the service period.

 

In service arrangements such as consulting or business process services (Kodak Technology Solutions business) where final acceptance by the customer is required, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met and Kodak has a legal right to payment.

 

Kodak’s licensing revenue is comprised of software licenses as discussed above, licenses to use functional intellectual property (patents and technical know-how) and licenses to use symbolic intellectual property (brand names and trademarks) (Consumer and Film businesses).  The timing and the amount of revenue recognized from the licensing of intellectual property depends upon a variety of factors, including the nature of the performance obligations (functional vs. symbolic licenses) specific terms of each agreement, and the payment terms. Aside from software licenses discussed above, Kodak’s functional licenses generally provide the right to use functional intellectual property; therefore, non-sales/usage-based revenue is recognized when the customer has the right to use the intellectual property while sales and usage-based royalties are recognized in the period the related sales and usage occurs.  Revenue for symbolic licenses such as brand licenses are recognized over time.

 

Real estate management revenue consists primarily of tenant lease income, common area maintenance charges and utilities.  Usage based revenue is recognized as earned while tenant lease income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

Deferred revenue is recorded when cash payments are received in advance of satisfying performance obligations such as deposits required in advance on equipment orders, prepaid service contracts, prepaid tenant lease income or prepaid royalties on intellectual property arrangements. Interest expense is imputed for payments received greater than one year in advance of performance.

 

Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 60 days. Kodak applies the practical expedient with respect to implied financial components and only imputes interest for payment terms greater than one year.

 

Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues. Certain customers may receive cash-based incentives or credits, which are accounted for as variable consideration. Kodak estimates these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers.

 

Kodak expenses sales commissions when incurred if the amortization period would be one year or less. These costs are recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses. Kodak accrues the estimated cost of post-sale obligations, including basic product warranties, at the time of revenue recognition. Shipping and handling costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of sales.

 

Kodak does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less or for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which Kodak has the right to invoice for services performed. Performance obligations with an original expected length of greater than one year generally consist of deferred service contracts, operating leases and licensing arrangements. As of December 31, 2018, there was approximately $70 million of unrecognized revenue from unsatisfied performance obligations. Approximately 35% of the revenue from unsatisfied performance obligations is expected to be recognized in 2019, 30% in 2020, 15% in 2021 and 20% thereafter.

 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

R&D costs, which include costs incurred in connection with new product development, fundamental and exploratory research, process improvement, product use technology and product accreditation, are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

ADVERTISING

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.  Advertising expenses amounted to $4 million and $6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  

SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS

Amounts charged to customers and costs incurred by Kodak related to shipping and handling are included in net sales and cost of sales, respectively.

IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS

The carrying values of long-lived assets, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable.

The recoverability of the carrying values of long-lived assets is assessed by first grouping long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, by estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with and that are expected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group.  Kodak estimates the undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group.  If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows, Kodak records an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.  Kodak determines fair value through quoted market prices in active markets or, if quoted market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analyses of discounted cash flows.

The remaining useful lives of long-lived assets are reviewed in connection with the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets and the ongoing strategic review of the business and operations.  If the review indicates that the remaining useful life of the long-lived asset has changed significantly, the depreciation on that asset is adjusted to facilitate full cost recovery over its revised estimated remaining useful life.

The carrying values of indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for potential impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. Refer to Note 5, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”

INCOME TAXES

Kodak recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of operating losses, credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of Kodak’s assets and liabilities.  Kodak records a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.  For discussion of the amounts and components of the valuation allowances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, refer to Note 17, “Income Taxes.”

The undistributed earnings of Kodak’s foreign subsidiaries are not considered permanently reinvested.  Kodak has recognized a deferred tax liability (net of related foreign tax credits) on the foreign subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings. 

 

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

 

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2018-05, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118” (“ASU 2018-05”), which updates the income tax accounting in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to reflect the SEC interpretive guidance released on December 22, 2017, when the 2017 Act was signed into law.  Additional information regarding the adoption of this standard is contained in Note 17, Income Taxes.

 

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation—Retirements Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.  ASU 2017-07 requires entities to report the service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost in the same line item(s) as other compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period and to report all other components of net benefit costs outside a subtotal of income from operations. In addition, the ASU allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. Kodak adopted ASU 2017-07 effective January 1, 2018, retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost and other cost components and prospectively for the application of the capitalization eligibility. The components of net benefit cost are shown in Note 19, “Retirement Plans” and Note 20, “Other Postretirement Benefits”.  The guidance impacted presentation in Kodak’s consolidated financial statements and the capitalization of costs to inventory. The presentation of the service cost component was consistent with the requirements of the new standard. The other components (which were presented within Cost of revenues, Selling and general administrative expenses and Research and development costs) are being presented separately on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The segment measure of profit and loss previously included only the service cost and amortization of prior service credits components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs (refer to Note 26, “Segment Information”). Effective January 1, 2018, the segment measure of profit and loss only includes the service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs and prior periods have been reclassified to conform to this presentation.  

 

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. ASU 2017-05 defines in-substance nonfinancial assets, provides guidance with respect to accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and conforms the derecognition guidance on nonfinancial assets with the model for transactions in the new revenue standard (Topic 606 as described below). Kodak adopted ASU 2017-05 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective adoption approach.  The application of this standard did not have a material impact on Kodak’s consolidated financial statements.  

 

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 primarily affects the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. Under the ASU all equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting) will generally be measured at fair value through earnings. In addition, the FASB clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. Kodak adopted ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Kodak’s consolidated financial statements.    

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” and most industry-specific guidance. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.  Kodak adopted the provisions of the new standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method which allows companies to record a one-time adjustment to opening retained earnings for the cumulative effect of the standard on open contracts at the time of adoption. Kodak derives revenue from various brand licensing arrangements, which may include upfront payments and/or sales-based royalties subject to minimum annual guaranteed amounts. Kodak recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $10 million as a decrease to the opening balance of retained earnings related to these arrangements. With the exception of brand license revenue, Kodak did not identify any changes in the timing of revenue recognition that resulted in a material transition adjustment.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for January 1, 2018 for the adoption of ASU 2014-09 were as follows.  The net reduction in opening retained earnings primarily reflected the impact related to brand licensing revenues.

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

Balance at

December 31,

2017

 

Adjustments Due to

ASU 2014-09

 

Balance at

January 1,

2018

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other current liabilities

 

$

211

 

$

2

 

$

213

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

 

202

 

 

8

 

 

210

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deficit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated Deficit

 

 

(174

)

 

(10

)

 

(184

)

 

The impact of the adoption on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Statement of Financial Position are presented in the tables below.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, Kodak recognized $3 million of the $10 million cumulative effect adjustment recorded under ASC 606, however, this revenue was offset by $3 million of revenue under new brand licensing arrangements that was deferred under ASC 606 but would have been recognized in 2018 under ASC 605.

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2018

 

(in millions)

 

As Reported

 

 

Amounts without Adoption of

ASU 2014-09

 

 

Effect of Change

Higher (Lower)

 

Revenues

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales

 

$

1,044

 

 

$

1,044

 

 

$

 

Services

 

$

281

 

 

 

281

 

 

 

 

Total revenues

 

 

1,325

 

 

 

1,325

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

$

(16

)

 

$

(16

)

 

$

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2018

 

(in millions)

 

As Reported

 

Balances without Adoption of

ASU 2014-09

 

Effect of Change

Higher (Lower)

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other current liabilities

 

$

213

 

$

209

 

$

4

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

 

179

 

 

173

 

 

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deficit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated Deficit

 

 

(200

)

 

(190

)

 

(10

)

 

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

 

In September 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which amends the disclosure requirements in ASC 715-20 by adding, clarifying, or removing certain disclosures. ASU 2018-14 requires all entities to disclose (1) the weighted average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates, and (2) an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The ASU also clarifies certain disclosure requirements for entities with two or more defined benefit pension plans when aggregate disclosures are presented. The ASU removes other disclosures from the existing guidance, such as the requirement to disclose the effects of a one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend rates. The ASU is effective retrospectively for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 (December 31, 2020 for Kodak).  Early adoption is permitted. The standard addresses disclosures only and will not have an impact on Kodak’s consolidated financial statements.  Kodak will retrospectively adopt the ASU December 31, 2020.

 

In September 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which amends the disclosure requirements in ASC 820 by adding, changing, or removing certain disclosures. The ASU applies to disclosures about recurring or nonrecurring fair value measurements.  The additional and/or modified disclosures relate primarily to Level 3 fair value measurements while removing certain disclosures related to transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  The ASU is effective retrospectively, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (January 1, 2020 for Kodak) and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Entities are permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures but can delay adoption of the new disclosures until their effective date.  Kodak retrospectively early adopted the provisions of the ASU that removed or modified disclosures in the fourth quarter of 2018 and expects to prospectively adopt the provisions related to new disclosures January 1, 2020.  The standard addresses disclosures only and will not have an impact on Kodak’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which addresses how a customer should account for the costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement (also referred to as a “hosting arrangement”). Under ASU 2018-15, entities should account for costs associated with implementing a cloud computing arrangement that is considered a service contract in the same way as implementation costs associated with a software license; implementation costs incurred in the application development stage, such as costs for the cloud computing arrangement’s integration with on-premise software, coding, and configuration or customization, should be capitalized and amortized over the term of the cloud computing arrangement, including periods covered by certain renewal options. The ASU is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (January 1, 2020 for Kodak) including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. Kodak is currently evaluating the impact and will adopt the ASU prospectively January 1, 2020.

 

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. The ASU addresses certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”). The ASU provides an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within AOCI to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the 2017 Tax Act (or portion thereof) is recorded and requires additional disclosures. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for Kodak) and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted and may be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the 2017 Tax Act is recognized.  Kodak plans to adopt the new standard on the effective date.  The adoption of this ASU will not have an impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements as a result of Kodak’s U.S. valuation allowance.

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.  ASU 2016-13 (including amendments in ASU 2018-19) requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected.  In addition, the ASU requires credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses.  The amendments in this ASU broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 (January 1, 2020 for Kodak).  Early adoption is permitted.  Kodak plans to adopt the new standard on the effective date and is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU.  

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  Topic 842 (as amended by ASU’s 2018-01, 10, 11 and 20) requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets and eliminates certain real estate-specific provisions.  The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases and operating leases. The new leasing standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for Kodak).  Early adoption is permitted. The original guidance required application on a modified retrospective basis to the earliest period presented.  ASU 2018-11, Targeted improvements to ASC 842, includes an option to not restate comparative periods in transition and elect to use the effective date of ASC 842 as the date of initial application of transition.  Kodak adopted the new standard on the effective date applying the new transition method allowed under ASU 2018-11 and continues to evaluate the impact of adoption on its financial statements.  Kodak is continuing to accumulate all the necessary information required to properly account for the leases under the new standard.  Kodak anticipates that the adoption of the amended lease guidance will materially increase the assets and liabilities recorded in its Consolidated Statement of Financial Position due to the recognition of right-of-use assets and liabilities.  Kodak will also recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to increase retained earnings of approximately $5 million due to the derecognition of assets and deferred gain on previous sale-leaseback transactions.  In addition, certain changes to Kodak’s systems and processes may be made related to the new lease accounting requirements.