NOTE 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The following is a description of the significant accounting policies of Kodak.

BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of EKC and all companies directly or indirectly controlled by EKC, either through majority ownership or otherwise. Kodak consolidates variable interest entities if Kodak has a controlling financial interest and is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the entity.

In 2013, Kodak sold certain utilities and related facilities and entered into utilities supply and servicing arrangements with RED – Rochester, LLP (“RED”), a variable interest entity (“VIE”). Kodak determined it was the primary beneficiary and consolidated the financial statements of the VIE. In September 2016, RED’s parent, RED Investment, LLC and its portfolio of four U.S. facilities (including RED) were acquired. During the fourth quarter of 2016, RED’s parent increased its equity investment in RED in conjunction with RED’s project to replace and convert its coal-fired boilers by installing new steam generating equipment to achieve compliance with EPA air emissions regulations (“MACT Upgrade”). With the third quarter change in ownership, the reduction in certain rights and obligations of Kodak, the increase in equity and progress towards completion of the MACT Upgrade, Kodak determined it was no longer the primary beneficiary and RED was deconsolidated. Upon deconsolidation, Kodak derecognized all assets and liabilities of RED and recognized a loss of $15 million, representing the difference between the carrying value of the net assets sold to RED and RED’s equity in those assets. The loss was reported in Other operating expense, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. RED’s results of operations are reflected in net income attributable to non-controlling interest in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations through December 31, 2016 at which point the VIE was deconsolidated.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period classification due to changes to Kodak’s organization structure effective January 1, 2017 and April 1, 2017 and a change in the presentation of discontinued operations and assets held for sale. In addition to the changes in segment reporting under the new organization structure, solvent recovery income for the Consumer and Film segment previously reported in Cost of Revenues is reported in Revenues and there is a change in the segment measure of profitability. Refer to Note 24, “Segment Information” and Note 25, “Discontinued Operations” for additional information.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP accounting requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of commitments and contingencies at year end, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods presented. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

FOREIGN CURRENCY

For most subsidiaries and branches outside the U.S., the local currency is the functional currency. The financial statements of these subsidiaries and branches are translated into U.S. dollars as follows: assets and liabilities at year-end exchange rates; revenue, expenses and cash flows at average exchange rates; and shareholders’ equity at historical exchange rates. For those subsidiaries for which the local currency is the functional currency, the resulting translation adjustment is recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

For certain other subsidiaries and branches outside the U.S., operations are conducted primarily in U.S. dollars, which is therefore the functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries and branches, which are recorded in local currency, are remeasured at year-end exchange rates, while the related revenue, expense, and gain and loss accounts, which are recorded in local currency, are remeasured at average exchange rates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities, and the related revenue, expense, and gain and loss accounts, are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Adjustments that result from the remeasurement of the assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are included in Other (income) charges, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The effects of foreign currency transactions, including related hedging activities, are included in Other (income) charges, net, in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

Financial instruments that potentially subject Kodak to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, restricted cash and derivative instruments. Kodak places its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash with high-quality financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one institution. With respect to receivables, such receivables arise from sales to numerous customers in a variety of industries, markets, and geographies around the world. Receivables arising from these sales are generally not collateralized. Kodak performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial conditions, and maintains reserves for potential credit losses and such losses, in the aggregate, have not exceeded management’s expectations. Counterparties to the derivative instrument contracts are major financial institutions. Kodak has not experienced non-performance by any of its derivative instruments counterparties.

CASH EQUIVALENTS

All highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents.

INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. The cost of all of Kodak’s inventories is determined by the average cost method, which approximates current cost. Kodak provides inventory reserves for excess, obsolete or slow-moving inventory based on changes in customer demand, technology developments or other economic factors.

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Kodak capitalizes additions and improvements while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Upon sale or other disposition, the applicable amounts of asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the net amount, less proceeds from disposal, is charged or credited to net (loss) earnings.

Kodak calculates depreciation expense using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful lives, which are as follows:

		Estimated Useful Lives
Buildings and building improvements		5-40
Land improvements		4-20
Leasehold improvements		3-20
Equipment		3-20
Tooling		1-3
Furniture and fixtures		5-10

Kodak depreciates leasehold improvements over the shorter of the lease term or the asset’s estimated useful life.

Equipment subject to operating leases is included in Property, plant and equipment, net in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Equipment subject to operating leases consists of equipment rented to customers and is depreciated to estimated salvage value over its expected useful life. Equipment operating lease terms and depreciable lives generally vary from 3 to 7 years.

GOODWILL

Goodwill is not amortized, but is required to be assessed for impairment at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.

When testing goodwill for impairment, Kodak may assess qualitative factors for some or all of its reporting units to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If Kodak determines based on this qualitative test of impairment that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, or elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for some or all of its reporting units, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed to test for a potential impairment of goodwill. The amount of goodwill impairment, if any, is calculated as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Refer to Note 5, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”.

WORKERS’ COMPENSATION

Kodak self-insures and participates in high-deductible insurance programs with retention and per occurrence deductible levels for claims related to workers’ compensation. The estimated liability for workers’ compensation is based on actuarially estimated, discounted cost of claims, including claims incurred but not reported. Historical loss development factors are utilized to project the future development of incurred losses, and the amounts are adjusted based on actual claim experience, settlements, claim development trends, changes in state regulations and judicial interpretations. Refer to Note 6, “Other Current Liabilities” and Note 7, “Other Long-Term Liabilities” for the estimated liabilities. Amounts recoverable from insurance companies or third parties are estimated using historical experience and estimates of future recoveries. Estimated recoveries are not offset against the related accrual. The amount recorded for the estimated recoveries at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $25 million and $27 million, respectively, of which $22 million and $24 million, respectively, is reported in Other long-term assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The remaining $3 million at each year end is reported in Other current assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

REVENUE

Kodak’s revenue transactions include sales of products (such as components and consumables for use in Kodak and other manufacturers’ equipment and film based products); equipment; software; services; integrated solutions; and intellectual property and brand licensing. Kodak recognizes revenue when realized or realizable and earned, which is when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred; (3) the sales price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. At the time revenue is recognized, Kodak provides for the estimated costs of customer incentive programs, warranties and estimated returns and reduces revenue accordingly. For those incentives that require the estimation of sales volumes or redemption rates, such as for volume rebates, Kodak uses historical experience and internal and customer data to estimate the sales incentive at the time revenue is recognized. Kodak accrues the estimated cost of post-sale obligations, including basic product warranties, based on historical experience at the time Kodak recognizes revenue.

For product sales, the revenue recognition criteria are generally met when title and risk of loss have transferred from Kodak to the buyer, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery to the customer site, based on contract terms or legal requirements in certain jurisdictions.

For equipment sales, the recognition criteria are generally met when the equipment is delivered and installed at the customer site. Revenue is recognized for equipment upon delivery as opposed to upon installation when the equipment has stand-alone value to the customer, and the amount of revenue allocable to the equipment is not legally contingent upon the completion of the installation. In instances in which the agreement with the customer contains a customer acceptance clause, revenue is deferred until customer acceptance is obtained, provided the customer acceptance clause is considered to be substantive. For certain agreements, Kodak does not consider these customer acceptance clauses to be substantive because Kodak can and does replicate the customer acceptance test environment and performs the agreed upon product testing prior to shipment. In these instances, revenue is recognized upon installation of the equipment.

Revenue from services includes extended warranty, customer support and maintenance agreements, consulting, business process services, training and education. Service revenue is recognized over the contractual period or as services are performed. In service arrangements where final acceptance of a system or solution by the customer is required, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met.

The timing and the amount of revenue recognized from the licensing of intellectual property depend upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of each agreement and the nature of the deliverables and obligations. Revenue is only recognized after all of the following criteria are met: (1) Kodak enters into a legally binding arrangement with a licensee of Kodak’s intellectual property, (2) Kodak delivers the technology or intellectual property rights, (3) licensee payment is deemed fixed or determinable and free of contingencies or significant uncertainties, and (4) collection from the licensee is reasonably assured.

Most of Kodak’s equipment has both software and non-software components that function together to deliver the equipment’s essential functionality and therefore they are accounted for together as non-software deliverables. Non-essential software sold in connection with Kodak’s equipment sales is accounted for as separate deliverables or elements. In most cases, these software products sold as part of a multiple element arrangement include software maintenance agreements as well as unspecified upgrades or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis. In multiple element arrangements where non-essential software deliverables are included, revenue is allocated to non-software and to software deliverables each as a group based on relative selling prices of each of the deliverables in the arrangement. Revenue allocated to software licenses is recognized when all revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue generated from maintenance and unspecified upgrades or updates on a when-and-if-available basis is recognized over the contract period.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

R&D costs, which include costs incurred in connection with new product development, fundamental and exploratory research, process improvement, product use technology and product accreditation, are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

ADVERTISING

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. Advertising expenses amounted to $7 million, $13 million and $8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Advertising expenses in 2016 included $6 million related to drupa 2016, a print industry trade show which occurs every four years.

SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS

Amounts charged to customers and costs incurred by Kodak related to shipping and handling are included in net sales and cost of sales, respectively.

IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS

The carrying values of long-lived assets, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable.

The recoverability of the carrying values of long-lived assets is assessed by first grouping long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, by estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with and that are expected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. Kodak estimates the undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows, Kodak records an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. Kodak determines fair value through quoted market prices in active markets or, if quoted market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analyses of discounted cash flows.

The remaining useful lives of long-lived assets are reviewed in connection with the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets and the ongoing strategic review of the business and operations. If the review indicates that the remaining useful life of the long-lived asset has changed significantly, the depreciation on that asset is adjusted to facilitate full cost recovery over its revised estimated remaining useful life.

The carrying values of indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for potential impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. Refer to Note 5, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”

INCOME TAXES

Kodak recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of operating losses, credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of Kodak’s assets and liabilities. Kodak records a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. For discussion of the amounts and components of the valuation allowances as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, refer to Note 15, “Income Taxes.”

The undistributed earnings of Kodak’s foreign subsidiaries are not considered permanently reinvested. Kodak has recognized a deferred tax liability (net of related foreign tax credits) on the foreign subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) — Scope of Modification Accounting, to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new standard, modification is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of an award as equity or liability changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The ASU is effective prospectively for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (January 1, 2018 for Kodak). Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Kodak early adopted ASU 2017-09 effective April 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on Kodak’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No: 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment. The ASU simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which required a hypothetical purchase price allocation. The ASU requires entities to calculate a goodwill impairment as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The same one-step impairment test applies to goodwill at all reporting units, even those with zero or negative carrying amounts. The ASU requires entities to disclose the amount of goodwill at reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. The ASU is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, (January 1, 2020 for Kodak) with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. Kodak early adopted ASU 2017-04 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on Kodak’s Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2017, the Unified Workflow Solutions reporting unit had a negative carrying value. Total goodwill assigned to the Unified Workflow Solutions reporting unit is $6 million.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. ASU 2016-18 requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The ASU requires changes in the Company’s restricted cash to be classified as either operating activities, investing activities or financing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, depending on the nature of the activities that gave rise to the restriction. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, (January 1, 2018 for Kodak) including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption in an interim period is permitted, but any adjustments must be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. Kodak early adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2017. The adoption resulted in a decrease of $8 million in net cash flows used by investing activities and a decrease of $1 million in the effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from what was previously reported for the year ended December 31, 2016 and an increase of $10 million in net cash flows used by investing activities and a $3 million decrease in the effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from what was previously reported for the year ended December 31, 2015.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory. ASU 2016-16 requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The new standard is effective on a modified retrospective basis for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, (January 1, 2018 for Kodak) including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance (January 1, 2017 for Kodak). Kodak early adopted ASU 2016-16 on a modified retrospective basis during the first quarter of 2017. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on Kodak’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. ASU 2016-15 provides clarification with respect to classification of several cash flow issues on the Statement of Cash Flows including debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and distributions received from equity method investees. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017 (January 1, 2018 for Kodak). Kodak early adopted ASU 2016-15 retrospectively effective January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on Kodak’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. The ASU addresses certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) resulting from the 2017 Tax Act. The ASU provides an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within AOCI to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the 2017 Tax Act (or portion thereof) is recorded and requires additional disclosures. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for Kodak) and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted and may be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the 2017 Tax Act is recognized. Kodak is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. ASU 2017-07 requires entities to report the service cost component in the same line item(s) as other compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period and to report all other components of net benefit costs outside a subtotal of income from operations. In addition, the ASU allows only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. ASU 2017-07 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 (January 1, 2018 for Kodak). Retrospective application is required for the presentation of the service cost and other cost components however the restrictions on the capitalization eligibility will be applied prospectively from the date of adoption. The components of net benefit cost are shown in Note 17, “Retirement Plans and Note 18 “Other Postretirement Benefits”. The guidance will impact presentation in the Consolidated Financial Statements and the capitalization of costs to inventory. The current presentation of the service cost component is consistent with the requirements of the new standard. Upon adoption, the other components (which are currently being presented within Cost of revenues, Selling and general administrative expenses and Research and development costs) are expected to be presented separately on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The segment measure of profit and loss currently includes only the service cost and amortization of prior service credits components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs (refer to Note 24, “Segment Information”). Effective January 1, 2018, the segment measure of profit and loss only includes the service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. ASU 2017-05 defines in-substance nonfinancial assets, provides guidance with respect to accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and conforms the derecognition guidance on nonfinancial assets with the model for transactions in the new revenue standard (Topic 606 as described below). ASU 2017-05 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 (January 1, 2018 for Kodak) and allows either a full retrospective adoption to all periods presented or a modified retrospective adoption approach with the cumulative effect of initial application recognized at the date of initial application. Kodak is adopting ASU 2017-05 using the modified retrospective adoption approach and expects that application of this standard will not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. In addition, the ASU requires credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The amendments in this ASU broaden the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 (January 1, 2020 for Kodak). Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for Kodak). Kodak is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets and eliminates certain real estate-specific provisions. The new leasing standard is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for Kodak). Early adoption is permitted. Kodak plans to adopt the new standard on the effective date and is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its financial statements. Kodak anticipates that the adoption of the amended lease guidance will materially affect its consolidated balance sheet and will require certain changes to its systems and processes.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 primarily affects the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. Under the ASU all equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting) will generally be measured at fair value through earnings. In addition, the FASB clarified guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities. The classification and measurement guidance is effective for Kodak beginning January 1, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” and most industry-specific guidance. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09. In 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASUs 2016-10 through 12 and ASU 2016-20 clarifying guidance regarding principle vs agent considerations, identification of performance obligations, analysis of licensing transactions, impairment considerations and disclosures. The new revenue standards are collectively effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 (January 1, 2018 for Kodak) and allow either a full retrospective adoption to all periods presented or a modified retrospective adoption approach with the cumulative effect of initial application recognized at the date of initial application. Kodak is adopting the provisions of the new standards using the modified retrospective method which allows companies to record a one-time adjustment to opening retained earnings for the cumulative effect the standards will have on open contracts at the time of adoption. Kodak derives revenue from various brand licensing arrangements which may include upfront payments and/or sales based royalties subject to minimum annual guaranteed amounts. Kodak expects to record a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $10 million as a decrease to the opening balance of retained earnings related to these arrangements. With the exception of brand license revenue, Kodak has not identified any changes in the timing of revenue recognition which will result in a material transition adjustment. Kodak has implemented appropriate changes to the business processes and systems to support recognition and disclosure under the new standard.