Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

(in millions)

U.S.

Non-U.S.

U.S.

Non-U.S.

U.S.

Non-U.S.

U.S.

Non-U.S.

Major defined benefit plans:

Service cost

$

3

$

—

$

3

$

—

$

10

$

1

$

9

$

2

Interest cost

29

5

24

2

87

15

56

6

Expected return on plan assets

(64

)

(5

)

(45

)

(3

)

(192

)

(15

)

(133

)

(10

)

Amortization of:

Prior service cost (credit)

3

—

6

—

(3

)

—

Actuarial (gain) loss

(8

)

—

3

(22

)

1

—

8

Net pension (income) expense before special termination benefits

(37

)

—

(18

)

2

(111

)

2

(71

)

6

Special termination benefits

—

1

—

1

—

Total net pension (income) expense

$

(37

)

$

—

$

(17

)

$

2

$

(111

)

$

2

$

(70

)

$

6