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Fair value of financial instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [abstract]  
Disclosure of assets and liabilities held at fair value, disaggregated by valuation technique and by product type The following table shows the Group’s assets and liabilities that are held at fair value disaggregated by valuation technique (fair value
hierarchy) and balance sheet classification:
Assets and liabilities held at fair value
2023
2022
Valuation technique using
Valuation technique using
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
As at 31 December
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Trading portfolio assets
94,658
73,438
6,509
174,605
62,478
64,855
6,480
133,813
Financial assets at fair value through the income
statement
5,831
192,571
8,249
206,651
5,720
198,723
9,125
213,568
Derivative financial assets
107
253,189
3,540
256,836
10,054
287,152
5,174
302,380
Financial assets at fair value through other
comprehensive income
30,247
40,511
1,078
71,836
20,704
44,347
11
65,062
Investment property
2
2
5
5
Total assets
130,843
559,709
19,378
709,930
98,956
595,077
20,795
714,828
Trading portfolio liabilities
(29,274)
(29,027)
(368)
(58,669)
(44,128)
(28,740)
(56)
(72,924)
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
(117)
(296,200)
(1,222)
(297,539)
(133)
(270,454)
(1,050)
(271,637)
Derivative financial liabilities
(81)
(245,310)
(4,653)
(250,044)
(10,823)
(272,434)
(6,363)
(289,620)
Total liabilities
(29,472)
(570,537)
(6,243)
(606,252)
(55,084)
(571,628)
(7,469)
(634,181)
The following table shows the Group’s Level 3 assets and liabilities that are held at fair value disaggregated by product type:
Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value by product type
2023
2022
Assets
Liabilities
Assets
Liabilities
£m
£m
£m
£m
Interest rate derivatives
2,211
(1,701)
2,362
(2,858)
Foreign exchange derivatives
111
(91)
1,513
(1,474)
Credit derivatives
241
(820)
290
(603)
Equity derivatives
977
(2,041)
1,009
(1,428)
Corporate debt
1,867
(352)
1,677
(49)
Reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements
209
(517)
37
(434)
Loans
10,614
11,233
Private equity investments
1,375
(10)
1,291
(8)
Other1
1,773
(711)
1,383
(615)
Total
19,378
(6,243)
20,795
(7,469)
Note
1Other includes funds and fund-linked products, issued debt, government and government sponsored debt, asset backed securities, equity cash products and investment property.
Disclosure of analysis of movements in Level 3 assets
Analysis of movements in Level 3 assets and liabilities
As at 1
January
2023
Total gains and (losses)
in the period
recognised in the
income statement
Total gains
or (losses)
recognised
in OCI
Transfers
As at 31
December
2023
Purchases
Sales
Issues
Settlements
Trading
income2
Other
income
In
Out
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Corporate debt
597
352
(146)
(220)
76
56
(34)
681
Loans
4,837
1,425
(1,734)
(382)
(34)
384
(27)
4,469
Other
1,046
1,617
(1,143)
(31)
619
(749)
1,359
Trading portfolio assets
6,480
3,394
(3,023)
(602)
11
1,059
(810)
6,509
Corporate debt
1,080
40
(145)
10
(8)
(89)
888
Loans
6,396
3,630
(3,263)
(1,361)
176
(14)
213
(165)
5,612
Private equity investments
1,284
97
(26)
(6)
(64)
86
1,371
Reverse repurchase and
repurchase agreements
37
166
6
209
Other
328
33
(1)
(62)
(19)
(3)
26
(133)
169
Financial assets at fair value
through the income statement
9,125
3,966
(3,435)
(1,429)
109
61
239
(387)
8,249
Corporate debt
193
105
298
Loans
533
533
Private equity investments
7
(3)
4
Other
4
200
(3)
42
243
Assets at fair value through
other comprehensive income
11
926
(3)
(3)
147
1,078
Investment properties
5
(4)
1
2
Trading portfolio liabilities
(56)
(367)
45
10
(368)
Financial liabilities designated at
fair value
(1,050)
(40)
(403)
(38)
(3)
(147)
459
(1,222)
Interest rate derivatives
(496)
130
(31)
58
87
326
436
510
Foreign exchange derivatives
39
37
(15)
11
(52)
20
Credit derivatives
(313)
(351)
56
(15)
(2)
51
(5)
(579)
Equity derivatives
(419)
(419)
(1)
3
(162)
(66)
(1,064)
Net derivative financial
instruments1
(1,189)
(640)
24
83
(92)
388
313
(1,113)
Total
13,326
7,239
(6,393)
(403)
(1,951)
(10)
59
(3)
1,686
(415)
13,135
Analysis of movements in Level 3 assets and liabilities
As at 1
January
2022
Total gains and (losses)
in the period
recognised in the
income statement
Total gains
or (losses)
recognised
in OCI
Transfers
As at 31
December
2022
Purchases
Sales
Issues
Settlements
Trading
income2
Other
income
In
Out
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Corporate debt
389
394
(182)
(18)
(39)
87
(34)
597
Loans
758
7,009
(2,635)
(19)
(264)
10
(22)
4,837
Other
1,134
665
(412)
(298)
(43)
275
(275)
1,046
Trading portfolio assets
2,281
8,068
(3,229)
(335)
(346)
372
(331)
6,480
Corporate debt
816
405
(189)
48
1,080
Loans
7,608
8,689
(7,559)
(1,485)
(804)
49
(102)
6,396
Private equity investments
1,095
192
(64)
(24)
95
(66)
56
1,284
Reverse repurchase and
repurchase agreements
13
24
37
Other
180
127
(2)
3
3
17
328
Financial assets at fair value
through the income statement
9,712
9,413
(7,623)
(1,700)
(634)
(63)
122
(102)
9,125
Private equity investments
1
6
7
Other
38
(32)
(2)
4
Assets at fair value through
other comprehensive income
38
(32)
(1)
6
11
Investment properties
7
(1)
(1)
5
Trading portfolio liabilities
(27)
(23)
8
9
(27)
4
(56)
Financial liabilities designated at
fair value
(410)
(286)
(98)
82
70
(448)
40
(1,050)
Interest rate derivatives
(260)
(216)
54
(467)
431
(38)
(496)
Foreign exchange derivatives
2
(6)
27
16
39
Credit derivatives
(386)
(4)
(2)
57
23
11
(12)
(313)
Equity derivatives
(1,405)
(213)
333
306
(11)
571
(419)
Net derivative financial
instruments1
(2,049)
(433)
(2)
438
(111)
431
537
(1,189)
Total
9,552
16,739
(10,847)
(98)
(1,547)
(1,012)
(64)
(1)
456
148
13,326
Notes
1The derivative financial instruments are represented on a net basis. On a gross basis, derivative financial assets are £3,540m (2022: £5,174m) and derivative financial liabilities are
£4,653m (2022: £6,363m).
2 Trading income represents gains and (losses) on level 3 financial instruments which in the majority are offset by losses and gains on financial instruments disclosed in level 2.
Disclosure of analysis of movements in Level 3 liabilities
Analysis of movements in Level 3 assets and liabilities
As at 1
January
2023
Total gains and (losses)
in the period
recognised in the
income statement
Total gains
or (losses)
recognised
in OCI
Transfers
As at 31
December
2023
Purchases
Sales
Issues
Settlements
Trading
income2
Other
income
In
Out
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Corporate debt
597
352
(146)
(220)
76
56
(34)
681
Loans
4,837
1,425
(1,734)
(382)
(34)
384
(27)
4,469
Other
1,046
1,617
(1,143)
(31)
619
(749)
1,359
Trading portfolio assets
6,480
3,394
(3,023)
(602)
11
1,059
(810)
6,509
Corporate debt
1,080
40
(145)
10
(8)
(89)
888
Loans
6,396
3,630
(3,263)
(1,361)
176
(14)
213
(165)
5,612
Private equity investments
1,284
97
(26)
(6)
(64)
86
1,371
Reverse repurchase and
repurchase agreements
37
166
6
209
Other
328
33
(1)
(62)
(19)
(3)
26
(133)
169
Financial assets at fair value
through the income statement
9,125
3,966
(3,435)
(1,429)
109
61
239
(387)
8,249
Corporate debt
193
105
298
Loans
533
533
Private equity investments
7
(3)
4
Other
4
200
(3)
42
243
Assets at fair value through
other comprehensive income
11
926
(3)
(3)
147
1,078
Investment properties
5
(4)
1
2
Trading portfolio liabilities
(56)
(367)
45
10
(368)
Financial liabilities designated at
fair value
(1,050)
(40)
(403)
(38)
(3)
(147)
459
(1,222)
Interest rate derivatives
(496)
130
(31)
58
87
326
436
510
Foreign exchange derivatives
39
37
(15)
11
(52)
20
Credit derivatives
(313)
(351)
56
(15)
(2)
51
(5)
(579)
Equity derivatives
(419)
(419)
(1)
3
(162)
(66)
(1,064)
Net derivative financial
instruments1
(1,189)
(640)
24
83
(92)
388
313
(1,113)
Total
13,326
7,239
(6,393)
(403)
(1,951)
(10)
59
(3)
1,686
(415)
13,135
Analysis of movements in Level 3 assets and liabilities
As at 1
January
2022
Total gains and (losses)
in the period
recognised in the
income statement
Total gains
or (losses)
recognised
in OCI
Transfers
As at 31
December
2022
Purchases
Sales
Issues
Settlements
Trading
income2
Other
income
In
Out
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Corporate debt
389
394
(182)
(18)
(39)
87
(34)
597
Loans
758
7,009
(2,635)
(19)
(264)
10
(22)
4,837
Other
1,134
665
(412)
(298)
(43)
275
(275)
1,046
Trading portfolio assets
2,281
8,068
(3,229)
(335)
(346)
372
(331)
6,480
Corporate debt
816
405
(189)
48
1,080
Loans
7,608
8,689
(7,559)
(1,485)
(804)
49
(102)
6,396
Private equity investments
1,095
192
(64)
(24)
95
(66)
56
1,284
Reverse repurchase and
repurchase agreements
13
24
37
Other
180
127
(2)
3
3
17
328
Financial assets at fair value
through the income statement
9,712
9,413
(7,623)
(1,700)
(634)
(63)
122
(102)
9,125
Private equity investments
1
6
7
Other
38
(32)
(2)
4
Assets at fair value through
other comprehensive income
38
(32)
(1)
6
11
Investment properties
7
(1)
(1)
5
Trading portfolio liabilities
(27)
(23)
8
9
(27)
4
(56)
Financial liabilities designated at
fair value
(410)
(286)
(98)
82
70
(448)
40
(1,050)
Interest rate derivatives
(260)
(216)
54
(467)
431
(38)
(496)
Foreign exchange derivatives
2
(6)
27
16
39
Credit derivatives
(386)
(4)
(2)
57
23
11
(12)
(313)
Equity derivatives
(1,405)
(213)
333
306
(11)
571
(419)
Net derivative financial
instruments1
(2,049)
(433)
(2)
438
(111)
431
537
(1,189)
Total
9,552
16,739
(10,847)
(98)
(1,547)
(1,012)
(64)
(1)
456
148
13,326
Notes
1The derivative financial instruments are represented on a net basis. On a gross basis, derivative financial assets are £3,540m (2022: £5,174m) and derivative financial liabilities are
£4,653m (2022: £6,363m).
2 Trading income represents gains and (losses) on level 3 financial instruments which in the majority are offset by losses and gains on financial instruments disclosed in level 2.
Disclosure of unrealised gains and losses on Level 3 financial assets and liabilities The following table discloses the unrealised gains and losses recognised in the year arising on Level 3 financial assets and liabilities held
at year end.
Unrealised gains and (losses) recognised during the period on Level 3 assets and liabilities held at year end
2023
2022
Income statement
Other
compre-
hensive
income
Total
Income statement
Other
compre-
hensive
income
Total
Trading
income1
Other
income
Trading
income1
Other
income
As at 31 December
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Trading portfolio assets
10
10
(290)
(290)
Financial assets at fair value through the income statement
113
72
185
(551)
(66)
(617)
Fair value through other comprehensive income
(3)
(3)
1
1
Investment property
1
1
(1)
(1)
Trading portfolio liabilities
8
8
Financial liabilities designated at fair value
(38)
(3)
(41)
55
55
Net derivative financial instruments
(107)
(107)
(80)
(80)
Total
(22)
70
(3)
45
(858)
(67)
1
(924)
Note
1Trading income represents gains and (losses) on level 3 financial instruments which in the majority are offset by losses and gains on financial instruments disclosed in level 2.
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs, assets The following table discloses the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs for material products recognised at fair value
and classified as Level 3 along with the range of values used for those significant unobservable inputs:
Valuation technique(s)1
Significant unobservable inputs
2023 Range
2022 Range
Min
Max
Min
Max
Units2
Derivative financial
instruments3
Interest rate derivatives
Discounted cash flows
Inflation forwards
4
7
3
5
%
Credit spread
15
1,672
17
2,159
bps
Yield
1
7
(3)
56
%
Growth curve
(1)
2
%
Correlation model
Inflation forwards
(20)
(13)
%
Option model
Inflation volatility
66
257
49
315
bps vol
Interest rate volatility
26
515
36
430
bps vol
FX - IR correlation
(20)
78
(20)
78
%
IR - IR correlation
(20)
98
12
99
%
Credit derivatives
Discounted cash flows
Credit spread
1
765
3
2,943
bps
Comparable pricing
Price
46
99
79
92
points
Equity derivatives
Option model
Equity volatility
5
138
3
140
%
Equity - equity
correlation
40
100
40
100
%
Discounted cash flow
Discount margin
(238)
110
(205)
634
bps
Non-derivative financial
instruments
Loans
Discounted cash flows
Loan spread
40
802
50
801
bps
Credit spread
186
870
200
426
bps
Yield
7
18
5
34
%
Comparable pricing
Price
0
287
0
101
points
Private equity investments
EBITDA multiple
EBITDA multiple
15
17
11
15
Multiple
Earnings multiple
Earnings multiple
3
25
4
23
Multiple
Discounted cash flow
Credit spread
380
630
496
559
bps
Discount margin
8
10
8
10
%
Corporate debt
Comparable pricing
Price
352
0
232
points
Discounted cash flows
Loan spread
229
834
bps
Reverse repurchase and
repurchase agreements
Discounted cash flows
Repo spread
385
468
321
502
bps
Notes
1A range has not been provided for Net Asset Value as there would be a wide range reflecting the diverse nature of the positions.
2The units used to disclose ranges for significant unobservable inputs are percentages, points and basis points. Points are a percentage of par; for example, 100 points equals 100% of
par. A basis point equals 1/100th of 1%; for example, 150 basis points equals 1.5%.
3Certain derivative instruments are classified as Level 3 due to a significant unobservable credit spread input into the calculation of the Credit Valuation Adjustment for the instruments.
The range of significant unobservable credit spreads is between 29-1,672bps (2022: 17-2,159bps).
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs, liabilities The following table discloses the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs for material products recognised at fair value
and classified as Level 3 along with the range of values used for those significant unobservable inputs:
Valuation technique(s)1
Significant unobservable inputs
2023 Range
2022 Range
Min
Max
Min
Max
Units2
Derivative financial
instruments3
Interest rate derivatives
Discounted cash flows
Inflation forwards
4
7
3
5
%
Credit spread
15
1,672
17
2,159
bps
Yield
1
7
(3)
56
%
Growth curve
(1)
2
%
Correlation model
Inflation forwards
(20)
(13)
%
Option model
Inflation volatility
66
257
49
315
bps vol
Interest rate volatility
26
515
36
430
bps vol
FX - IR correlation
(20)
78
(20)
78
%
IR - IR correlation
(20)
98
12
99
%
Credit derivatives
Discounted cash flows
Credit spread
1
765
3
2,943
bps
Comparable pricing
Price
46
99
79
92
points
Equity derivatives
Option model
Equity volatility
5
138
3
140
%
Equity - equity
correlation
40
100
40
100
%
Discounted cash flow
Discount margin
(238)
110
(205)
634
bps
Non-derivative financial
instruments
Loans
Discounted cash flows
Loan spread
40
802
50
801
bps
Credit spread
186
870
200
426
bps
Yield
7
18
5
34
%
Comparable pricing
Price
0
287
0
101
points
Private equity investments
EBITDA multiple
EBITDA multiple
15
17
11
15
Multiple
Earnings multiple
Earnings multiple
3
25
4
23
Multiple
Discounted cash flow
Credit spread
380
630
496
559
bps
Discount margin
8
10
8
10
%
Corporate debt
Comparable pricing
Price
352
0
232
points
Discounted cash flows
Loan spread
229
834
bps
Reverse repurchase and
repurchase agreements
Discounted cash flows
Repo spread
385
468
321
502
bps
Notes
1A range has not been provided for Net Asset Value as there would be a wide range reflecting the diverse nature of the positions.
2The units used to disclose ranges for significant unobservable inputs are percentages, points and basis points. Points are a percentage of par; for example, 100 points equals 100% of
par. A basis point equals 1/100th of 1%; for example, 150 basis points equals 1.5%.
3Certain derivative instruments are classified as Level 3 due to a significant unobservable credit spread input into the calculation of the Credit Valuation Adjustment for the instruments.
The range of significant unobservable credit spreads is between 29-1,672bps (2022: 17-2,159bps).
Disclosure of sensitivity analysis of valuations using unobservable inputs, assets
Sensitivity analysis of valuations using unobservable inputs
2023
2022
Favourable changes
Unfavourable changes
Favourable changes
Unfavourable changes
Income
statement
Equity
Income
statement
Equity
Income
statement
Equity
Income
statement
Equity
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Interest rate derivatives
78
(158)
119
(155)
Foreign exchange derivatives
4
(9)
16
(22)
Credit derivatives
27
(32)
79
(71)
Equity derivatives
142
(226)
161
(168)
Corporate debt
34
(22)
45
(27)
Loans
612
2
(801)
(2)
338
(551)
Private equity investments
263
1
(263)
(1)
268
1
(281)
(1)
Other1
126
1
(118)
(1)
49
(52)
Total
1,286
4
(1,629)
(4)
1,075
1
(1,327)
(1)
Note
1Other includes, Equity Cash Products,  Fund and Fund Linked, Government and Government Sponsored Debt, Asset backed securities.
Disclosure of sensitivity analysis of valuations using unobservable inputs, liabilities
Sensitivity analysis of valuations using unobservable inputs
2023
2022
Favourable changes
Unfavourable changes
Favourable changes
Unfavourable changes
Income
statement
Equity
Income
statement
Equity
Income
statement
Equity
Income
statement
Equity
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Interest rate derivatives
78
(158)
119
(155)
Foreign exchange derivatives
4
(9)
16
(22)
Credit derivatives
27
(32)
79
(71)
Equity derivatives
142
(226)
161
(168)
Corporate debt
34
(22)
45
(27)
Loans
612
2
(801)
(2)
338
(551)
Private equity investments
263
1
(263)
(1)
268
1
(281)
(1)
Other1
126
1
(118)
(1)
49
(52)
Total
1,286
4
(1,629)
(4)
1,075
1
(1,327)
(1)
Note
1Other includes, Equity Cash Products,  Fund and Fund Linked, Government and Government Sponsored Debt, Asset backed securities.
Disclosure of fair value adjustments Key balance sheet valuation adjustments are quantified below:
2023
2022
£m
£m
Exit price adjustments derived from market bid-offer spreads
(569)
(577)
Uncollateralised derivative funding
(4)
(11)
Derivative credit valuation adjustments
(209)
(319)
Derivative debit valuation adjustments
144
208
Disclosure of comparison of carrying amounts and fair values for assets and liabilities not held at fair value The following table summarises the fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost on the Group’s balance
sheet:
2023
2022
Carrying
amount
Fair value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Carrying
amount
Fair value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
As at 31 December
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
£m
Financial assets
Debt securities at amortised cost
56,749
55,437
13,976
39,014
2,447
45,487
44,512
9,952
33,285
1,275
Loans and advances at amortised cost
342,747
334,706
5,854
80,533
248,319
353,292
347,149
5,165
79,868
262,116
Reverse repurchase agreements and
other similar secured lending
2,594
2,594
2,594
776
776
776
Assets included in disposal groups
classified as held for sale
3,855
3,855
3,855
Financial liabilities
Deposits at amortised cost
(538,789)
(538,502)
(382,345)
(150,757)
(5,400)
(545,782)
(545,738)
(426,016)
(116,157)
(3,565)
Repurchase agreements and other
similar secured borrowing
(41,601)
(41,601)
(41,601)
(27,052)
(27,054)
(27,054)
Debt securities in issue
(96,825)
(98,123)
(95,999)
(2,124)
(112,881)
(113,276)
(110,151)
(3,125)
Subordinated liabilities
(10,494)
(10,803)
(10,608)
(195)
(11,423)
(11,474)
(11,254)
(220)
Liabilities included in disposal groups
classified as held for sale
(3,078)
(3,078)
(3,078)