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Inventories - Inventories (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]    
Finished goods $ 1,588us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods $ 1,738us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoods
Raw materials and work in process 5,141us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcessAndRawMaterials 5,894us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcessAndRawMaterials
Supplies 197us-gaap_OtherInventorySupplies 225us-gaap_OtherInventorySupplies
Total (approximates current cost) 6,926us-gaap_InventoryGross 7,857us-gaap_InventoryGross
Increase to LIFO costs 309us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve 73us-gaap_InventoryLIFOReserve
Total current and noncurrent inventories 7,235mrk_InventoryNetAndInventoryNoncurrent 7,930mrk_InventoryNetAndInventoryNoncurrent
Recognized as:    
Inventories 5,571us-gaap_InventoryNet 6,226us-gaap_InventoryNet
Other assets $ 1,664mrk_InventoriesIncludedInOtherAssets $ 1,704mrk_InventoriesIncludedInOtherAssets