The effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were 5.9% and (5.2%), respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the effective income tax rates were 17.5% and 12.1%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were both impacted by changes in estimates associated with the finalization of prior year foreign and domestic tax items, audit settlements, and the mix of foreign earnings. In addition, the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was impacted by adjustments to valuation allowances, and the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was impacted by an adjustment made to the provisional amount recorded in 2017 for the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017 Tax Legislation), the U.S. tax accounting method changes that were filed with the IRS, and the generation of foreign tax credits.