___________________________________________________________________________________________________

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________________

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

_________________________

Commission File Number: 1-10551

OMNICOM GROUP INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	13-1514814
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
437 Madison Avenue
New York
New York	10022
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 415-3600

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

____________________________________________________________

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.15 Par Value	OMC	New York Stock Exchange
0.800% Senior Notes due 2027	OMC/27	New York Stock Exchange
1.400% Senior Notes due 2031	OMC/31	New York Stock Exchange

____________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐			Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

_________________________

As of October 8, 2019, there were 217,732,035 shares of Omnicom Group Inc. Common Stock outstanding.

OMNICOM GROUP INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Balance Sheets - September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	3
	Consolidated Statements of Equity - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
SIGNATURES		34

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements, including statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, from time to time, the Company or its representatives have made, or may make, forward-looking statements, orally or in writing. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, results of operations or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of the Company’s management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company’s management. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or similar words, phrases or expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the Company’s control. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include: international, national or local economic conditions that could adversely affect the Company or its clients; losses on media purchases and production costs incurred on behalf of clients; reductions in client spending, a slowdown in client payments and a deterioration in the credit markets; the ability to attract new clients and retain existing clients in the manner anticipated; changes in client advertising, marketing and corporate communications requirements; failure to manage potential conflicts of interest between or among clients; unanticipated changes relating to competitive factors in the advertising, marketing and corporate communications industries; the ability to hire and retain key personnel; currency exchange rate fluctuations; reliance on information technology systems; changes in legislation or governmental regulations affecting the Company or its clients; risks associated with assumptions the Company makes in connection with its critical accounting estimates and legal proceedings; and the Company’s international operations, which are subject to the risks of currency repatriation restrictions, social or political conditions and regulatory environment. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties that may affect the Company’s business, including those described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and in Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this report. Except as required under applicable law, the Company does not assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

i

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,440.4		$	3,652.4
Short-term investments, at cost	5.2			5.5
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $18.7 and $26.8	6,547.9			7,666.1
Work in process	1,427.9			1,161.5
Other current assets	1,179.5			1,241.4
Total Current Assets	11,600.9			13,726.9
Property and Equipment at cost, less accumulated depreciation of $1,137.4 and $1,185.0	665.4			694.4
Operating Lease Right-Of-Use Assets	1,382.7			—
Equity Method Investments	110.5			120.9
Goodwill	9,291.4			9,384.3
Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization of $753.2 and $737.4	334.5			382.8
Other Assets	268.1			307.7
TOTAL ASSETS	$	23,653.5		$	24,617.0
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	9,439.6		$	11,464.3
Customer advances	1,059.2			1,159.0
Current portion of debt	603.4			499.6
Short-term debt	7.9			8.1
Taxes payable	191.3			180.6
Other current liabilities	1,958.4			1,958.6
Total Current Liabilities	13,259.8			15,270.2
Long-Term Liabilities	975.5			1,197.8
Long-Term Liability - Operating Leases	1,277.0			—
Long-Term Debt	4,507.0			4,384.1
Deferred Tax Liabilities	423.9			413.7
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 13)
Temporary Equity - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests	222.8			244.3
Equity:
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock	—			—
Common stock	44.6			44.6
Additional paid-in capital	728.6			728.8
Retained earnings	7,533.1			7,016.1
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,348.8		)	(1,228.5		)
Treasury stock, at cost	(4,493.4		)	(4,013.9		)
Total Shareholders’ Equity	2,464.1			2,547.1
Noncontrolling interests	523.4			559.8
Total Equity	2,987.5			3,106.9
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	23,653.5		$	24,617.0

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

1

OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In millions, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
Revenue	$	3,623.8	$	3,714.3		$	10,812.5	$	11,203.5
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs	2,704.7		2,834.2			7,937.5		8,319.9
Occupancy and other costs	290.7		376.8			915.4		1,016.7
Net gain on disposition of subsidiaries	—		(178.4		)	—		(178.4		)
Cost of services	2,995.4		3,032.6			8,852.9		9,158.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	97.2		113.5			308.4		336.3
Depreciation and amortization	57.9		65.9			175.3		202.7
	3,150.5		3,212.0			9,336.6		9,697.2
Operating Profit	473.3		502.3			1,475.9		1,506.3
Interest Expense	62.8		69.4			192.4		198.1
Interest Income	13.5		12.7			46.9		42.0
Income Before Income Taxes and Income From Equity     Method Investments	424.0		445.6			1,330.4		1,350.2
Income Tax Expense	112.3		115.3			345.5		343.0
Income From Equity Method Investments	0.5		1.0			1.2		3.6
Net Income	312.2		331.3			986.1		1,010.8
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests	22.0		32.4			62.0		83.6
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.	$	290.2	$	298.9		$	924.1	$	927.2
Net Income Per Share - Omnicom Group Inc.:
Basic	$	1.33	$	1.33		$	4.19	$	4.08
Diluted	$	1.32	$	1.32		$	4.17	$	4.06

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

2

OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net Income	$	312.2		$	331.3		$	986.1		$	1,010.8
Other Comprehensive Income:
Cash flow hedge:
Amortization of loss included in interest expense	0.9			1.4			2.7			4.2
Income tax effect	—			(0.4		)	0.2			(1.2		)
	0.9			1.0			2.9			3.0
Defined benefit pension plans and postemployment arrangements:
Amortization of prior service cost	1.3			2.0			3.9			5.9
Amortization of actuarial losses	0.6			2.0			1.6			6.2
Income tax effect	(1.2		)	1.5			(2.8		)	(0.9		)
	0.7			5.5			2.7			11.2
Available-for-sale securities:
Reclassification	—			—			—			0.3
	—			—			—			0.3
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(129.2		)	(30.3		)	(116.4		)	(267.4		)
Other Comprehensive Income	(127.6		)	(23.8		)	(110.8		)	(252.9		)
Comprehensive Income	184.6			307.5			875.3			757.9
Comprehensive Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests	8.3			27.5			49.2			53.9
Comprehensive Income - Omnicom Group Inc.	$	176.3		$	280.0		$	826.1		$	704.0

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

3

OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(In millions, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Common Stock, shares	297.2			297.2			297.2			297.2
Common Stock, par value	$	44.6		$	44.6		$	44.6		$	44.6
Additional Paid-in Capital
Beginning Balance	$	726.2		$	811.5		$	728.8		$	828.3
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests	(21.6		)	1.4			(19.5		)	(36.4		)
Change in temporary equity	36.6			(50.2		)	24.5			(52.2		)
Share-based compensation	19.2			18.7			53.5			53.8
Stock issued, share-based compensation	(31.8		)	(38.1		)	(58.7		)	(50.2		)
Ending Balance	728.6			743.3			728.6			743.3
Retained Earnings
Beginning Balance	7,384.7			6,587.7			7,016.1			6,210.6
Cumulative effect of accounting changes	—			—			22.3			23.6
Net income	290.2			298.9			924.1			927.2
Common stock dividends declared	(141.8		)	(134.9		)	(429.4		)	(409.7		)
Ending Balance	7,533.1			6,751.7			7,533.1			6,751.7
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning Balance	(1,234.9		)	(1,167.3		)	(1,228.5		)	(963.0		)
Cumulative effect of accounting changes	—			—			(22.3		)	—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(113.9		)	(18.9		)	(98.0		)	(223.2		)
Ending Balance	(1,348.8		)	(1,186.2		)	(1,348.8		)	(1,186.2		)
Treasury Stock
Beginning Balance	(4,510.4		)	(3,955.1		)	(4,013.9		)	(3,505.4		)
Stock issued, share-based compensation	34.6			40.9			65.7			60.4
Common stock repurchased	(17.6		)	(57.5		)	(545.2		)	(526.7		)
Ending Balance	(4,493.4		)	(3,971.7		)	(4,493.4		)	(3,971.7		)
Shareholders’ Equity	2,464.1			2,381.7			2,464.1			2,381.7
Noncontrolling Interests
Beginning Balance	549.2			537.5			559.8			537.1
Cumulative effect of accounting changes	—			—			—			0.4
Net income	22.0			32.4			62.0			83.6
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(13.7		)	(5.0		)	(12.8		)	(29.8		)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(25.5		)	(47.4		)	(71.6		)	(104.7		)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests	(23.0		)	(10.0		)	(29.4		)	(34.8		)
Increase in noncontrolling interests from business combinations	14.4			56.5			15.4			112.2
Ending Balance	523.4			564.0			523.4			564.0
Total Equity	$	2,987.5		$	2,945.7		$	2,987.5		$	2,945.7
Dividends Declared Per Common Share	$	0.65		$	0.60		$	1.95		$	1.80

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

4

OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	986.1		$	1,010.8
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of right-of-use assets	111.3			123.0
Amortization of intangible assets	64.0			79.7
Amortization of net deferred gain on interest rate swaps	(9.1		)	(9.6		)
Share-based compensation	53.6			53.9
Net gain from disposition of subsidiaries	—			(178.4		)
Impact of Tax Act	—			28.9
Other, net	2.2			24.7
Use of operating capital	(1,440.0		)	(1,371.6		)
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities	(231.9		)	(238.6		)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures	(77.0		)	(116.2		)
Acquisition of businesses and interests in affiliates, net of cash acquired	(8.1		)	(326.3		)
Proceeds from disposition of subsidiaries and sale of investments	80.1			310.5
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities	(5.0		)	(132.0		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Change in short-term debt	—			3.2
Proceeds from borrowings	1,112.4			—
Repayment of debt	(900.0		)	—
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(422.5		)	(413.7		)
Repurchases of common stock	(545.2		)	(526.7		)
Proceeds from stock plans	5.3			8.8
Acquisition of additional noncontrolling interests	(31.1		)	(41.3		)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest shareholders	(71.6		)	(104.7		)
Payment of contingent purchase price obligations	(37.0		)	(66.4		)
Other, net	(43.1		)	(35.8		)
Net Cash Used In Financing Activities	(932.8		)	(1,176.6		)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(42.3		)	(149.7		)
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(1,212.0		)	(1,696.9		)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at the Beginning of Period	3,652.4			3,796.0
Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of Period	$	2,440.4		$	2,099.1

The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

5

OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Presentation of Financial Statements

The terms “Omnicom,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” each refer to Omnicom Group Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP or GAAP, for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosure have been condensed or omitted.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation, in all material respects, of the information contained herein. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, or 2018 10-K. Results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year.

Accounting Changes

Except for the changes discussed below, Omnicom has consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Adoption of ASC 842

On January 1, 2019, we adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 842, Leases, or ASC 842, which requires the recognition of the right-of-use, or ROU, assets and related operating and finance lease liabilities on the balance sheet. As permitted by ASC 842, we elected the adoption date of January 1, 2019, which is the date of initial application. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet prior to January 1, 2019 was not restated, continues to be reported under ASC Topic 840, Leases, or ASC 840, which did not require the recognition of operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet, and is not comparative. Effective January 1, 2019, all leases are required to be recorded on the balance sheet and are classified as either operating leases or finance leases.

A lease is classified as a finance lease if any one of the following criteria are met: the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset or the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not meet any one of the criteria. Substantially all our operating leases represent leases for office space, and substantially all our finance leases represent leases for office furniture and technology (IT) equipment.

The lease classification affects the expense recognition in the income statement. Operating lease charges are recorded entirely in operating expenses. Finance lease charges are split, where amortization of the ROU asset is recorded in operating expenses and an implied interest component is recorded in interest expense. The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC 842 is substantially consistent with ASC 840. As a result, there is no significant difference in our results of operations presented in our consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of comprehensive income for each period presented.

We adopted ASC 842 using a modified retrospective approach for all leases existing at January 1, 2019. The adoption had a substantial impact on our balance sheet. The most significant impact was the recognition of the operating lease ROU assets and the operating lease liability. The accounting for finance leases (capital leases) was substantially unchanged. Accordingly, upon adoption, leases that were classified as operating leases under ASC 840 were classified as operating leases under ASC 842, and we recorded an adjustment of $1,490.1 million to operating lease ROU assets and the related lease liability. The lease liability is based on the present value of the remaining lease payments, determined under ASC 840, discounted using our secured incremental borrowing rate at the effective date of January 1, 2019, using the original lease term as the tenor. As permitted under ASC 842, we elected several practical expedients that permit us to not reassess (1) whether a contract is or contains a lease, (2) the classification of existing leases, and (3) whether previously capitalized costs continue to qualify as initial indirect costs. The application of the practical expedients did not have a significant impact on the measurement of the operating lease liability.

6

The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on the balance sheet at December 31, 2018 was (in millions):

	As Reported December 31, 2018		Adoption of ASC 842 Increase (Decrease)			Balance January 1, 2019
Other current assets	$	1,241.4	$	(29.2	)	$	1,212.2
Operating lease ROU assets	—		1,306.5			1,306.5
Total assets	24,617.0		1,277.3			25,894.3
Other current liabilities	1,958.6		172.5			2,131.1
Long-term liability - Operating leases	—		1,258.5			1,258.5
Long-term liabilities	1,197.8		(153.7		)	1,044.1
Total liabilities and equity	24,617.0		1,277.3			25,894.3

Under ASC 842, at the inception of a contract we assess whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. The assessment is based on: whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, whether we obtain the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period, and whether we have the right to direct the use of the asset. At inception of a lease, we allocate the consideration to each lease component based on its relative stand-alone price to determine the lease payments. Leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019, were accounted for under ASC 840 and were not reassessed.

For all leases a ROU asset and lease liability are recognized at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease. The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which includes the initial lease liability, plus any initial direct costs incurred, consisting mainly of brokerage commissions, less any lease incentives received. All ROU assets are reviewed for impairment. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, our secured incremental borrowing rate for the same term as the underlying lease. For real estate and certain equipment operating leases, we use our secured incremental borrowing rate. For finance leases, we use the rate implicit in the lease or our secured incremental borrowing rate if the implicit lease rate cannot be determined.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise: the fixed noncancelable lease payments, payments for optional renewal periods where it is reasonably certain the renewal period will be exercised, and payments for early termination options unless it is reasonably certain the lease will not be terminated early. Lease components, including fixed payments for real estate taxes and insurance for office space leases, are included in the measurement of the initial lease liability.

Office space leases may contain variable lease payments, which include payments based on an index or rate. Variable lease payments based on an index or rate are initially measured using the index or rate in effect at lease commencement. Additional payments based on the change in an index or rate, or payments based on a change in our portion of the operating expenses, including real estate taxes and insurance, are recorded as a period expense when incurred. Lease modifications result in remeasurement of the lease liability.

Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense may include variable lease payments incurred in the period that were not included in the initial lease liability. Finance lease expense consists of the amortization of the ROU asset on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense determined on an amortized cost basis. Finance lease payments are allocated between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense.

We have elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less. The effect of short-term leases on our ROU asset and lease liability is not material.

Adoption of ASU 2018-02

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, or ASU 2018-02, which requires the reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects arising from the change in the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to 21% from 35%. The tax effects of items included in accumulated comprehensive income at December 31, 2017 did not reflect the appropriate tax rate. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 resulted in reclassification between accumulated other comprehensive income and retained earnings of $22.3 million, and had no impact on our results of operations or financial position.

7

2. Revenue

Nature of our services

We provide an extensive range of advertising, marketing and corporate communications services through various client-centric networks that are organized to meet specific client objectives. Our branded networks and agencies operate in all major markets and provide services in the following fundamental disciplines: advertising, customer relationship management, or CRM, which includes CRM Consumer Experience and CRM Execution & Support, public relations and healthcare. Advertising includes creative services, as well as strategic media planning and buying and data analytics services. CRM Consumer Experience includes Omnicom’s Precision Marketing Group and digital/direct agencies, as well as our branding, shopper marketing and experiential marketing agencies, and CRM Execution & Support includes field marketing, sales support, merchandising and point of sale, as well as other specialized marketing and custom communications services. Public relations services include corporate communications, crisis management, public affairs and media and media relations services. Healthcare includes advertising and media services to global healthcare clients. At the core of all our services is the ability to create or develop a client’s marketing or corporate communications message into content that can be delivered to a target audience across different communications mediums. Our client-centric business model requires that multiple agencies within Omnicom collaborate in formal and informal virtual client networks utilizing our key client matrix organization structure. This collaboration allows us to cut across our internal organizational structures to execute our clients’ marketing requirements in a consistent and comprehensive manner. In addition to collaborating through our client service models, our agencies and networks collaborate across internally developed technology platforms. Annalect, our proprietary data and analytics platform, serves as the strategic resource for all of our agencies and networks to share when developing client service strategies across our virtual networks. Omni, our people-based precision marketing and insights platform, identifies and defines personalized consumer experiences at scale across creative, media and CRM, as well as other disciplines.

Revenue by discipline was (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Advertising	$	2,027.2	$	1,992.1	$	6,042.4	$	5,961.0
CRM Consumer Experience	636.4		639.3		1,905.2		1,938.9
CRM Execution & Support	337.4		464.0		1,009.6		1,466.6
Public Relations	337.2		356.0		1,020.6		1,065.0
Healthcare	285.6		262.9		834.7		772.0
	$	3,623.8	$	3,714.3	$	10,812.5	$	11,203.5

Economic factors affecting our revenue

Global economic conditions have a direct impact on our revenue. Adverse economic conditions pose a risk that our clients may reduce, postpone or cancel spending for our services, which would impact our revenue.

Revenue in our principal geographic markets was (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Americas:
North America	$	2,096.5	$	2,095.5	$	6,204.1	$	6,178.6
Latin America	100.2		102.0		286.0		325.6
EMEA:
Europe	948.6		1,015.2		2,930.0		3,227.9
Middle East and Africa	59.6		63.7		199.6		207.2
Asia-Pacific	418.9		437.9		1,192.8		1,264.2
	$	3,623.8	$	3,714.3	$	10,812.5	$	11,203.5

The Americas comprises North America, which includes the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico, and Latin America, which includes South America and Mexico. EMEA comprises Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Asia-Pacific comprises Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Singapore and other Asian countries. Revenue in the United States for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $1,993.5 million and $5,882.9 million, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $1,992.7 million and $5,864.6 million, respectively.

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Contract assets and liabilities

Work in process includes contract assets, unbilled fees and costs, and media and production costs. Contract liabilities primarily consist of customer advances. Work in process and contract liabilities were (in millions):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2018
Work in process:
Contract assets and unbilled fees and costs	$	837.9	$	540.1	$	710.9
Media and production costs	590.0		621.4		648.3
	$	1,427.9	$	1,161.5	$	1,359.2
Contract liabilities:
Customer advances	$	1,059.2	$	1,159.0	$	1,142.5

Work in process represents accrued costs incurred on behalf of customers, including media and production costs, and fees and other third-party costs that have not yet been billed. Media and production costs are billed during the production process in accordance with the terms of the client contract. Contract assets, which primarily include incentive fees, are not material and will be billed to clients in accordance with the terms of the client contract. Substantially all unbilled fees and costs will be billed within the next 30 days. The contract liability primarily represents advance billings to customers in accordance with the terms of the client contracts, primarily for the reimbursement of third-party costs that are generally incurred in the near term. There were no impairment losses to the contract assets recorded in 2019.

3. New Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, or ASU 2016-13, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. The new model uses a forward-looking expected loss method, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We will adopt ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. Historically, our credit loss experience has not resulted in material bad debt expense. Accordingly, we do not expect a significant impact from the adoption of ASU 2016-13. However, we are still evaluating the impact and are not yet in a position to quantify the impact, if any, of the new standard on our results of operations or financial position.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, Internal-Use Software, or ASU 2018-15, which aligns the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted at any interim period. ASU 2018-15 may be adopted either on a prospective basis, either upon early adoption or the effective date for implementation costs for new or existing arrangements incurred on or after the adoption date, or on a full retrospective basis to the earliest period presented. We expect to adopt ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. However, we are not yet in a position to assess the impact of the new standard on our results of operations or financial position.

4. Net Income per Share

The computations of basic and diluted net income per share were (in millions, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net Income Available for Common Shares:
Net income - Omnicom Group Inc.	$	290.2	$	298.9	$	924.1	$	927.2
Weighted Average Shares:
Basic	218.2		224.8		220.3		227.2
Dilutive stock options and restricted shares	1.2		1.1		1.2		1.3
Diluted	219.4		225.9		221.5		228.5
Anti-dilutive stock options and restricted shares	0.9		1.0		0.9		1.0
Net Income per Share - Omnicom Group Inc.:
Basic	$	1.33	$	1.33	$	4.19	$	4.08
Diluted	$	1.32	$	1.32	$	4.17	$	4.06

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5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets were (in millions):

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Goodwill	$	9,796.2	$	(504.8	)	$	9,291.4	$	9,898.6	$	(514.3	)	$	9,384.3
Intangible assets:
Purchased and internally developed software	$	352.3	$	(297.5	)	$	54.8	$	356.4	$	(302.2	)	$	54.2
Customer related and other	735.4		(455.7		)	279.7		763.8		(435.2		)	328.6
	$	1,087.7	$	(753.2	)	$	334.5	$	1,120.2	$	(737.4	)	$	382.8

Changes in goodwill were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
January 1	$	9,384.3		$	9,337.5
Acquisitions	8.9			232.5
Noncontrolling interests in acquired businesses	17.2			111.7
Contingent purchase price of acquired businesses	24.7			60.2
Dispositions	(19.1		)	(141.9		)
Foreign currency translation	(124.6		)	(179.7		)
September 30	$	9,291.4		$	9,420.3

6. Debt

Credit Facilities

At September 30, 2019, our short-term liquidity sources include a $2.5 billion revolving Credit Facility expiring on July 31, 2021, uncommitted credit lines aggregating $1.3 billion and the ability to issue up to $2 billion of commercial paper.

There were no outstanding commercial paper issuances, borrowings under the Credit Facility or the uncommitted credit lines at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Available and unused credit lines were (in millions):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Credit Facility	$	2,500.0	$	2,500.0
Uncommitted credit lines	1,266.4		1,231.6
Available and unused credit lines	$	3,766.4	$	3,731.6

The Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a Leverage Ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA of no more than 3 times for the most recently ended 12-month period (EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and an Interest Coverage Ratio of consolidated EBITDA to interest expense of at least 5 times for the most recently ended 12-month period. At September 30, 2019 we were in compliance with these covenants as our Leverage Ratio was 2.2 times and our Interest Coverage Ratio was 9.6 times. The Credit Facility does not limit our ability to declare or pay dividends or repurchase our common stock.

Short-Term Debt

Short-term debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $7.9 million and $8.1 million, respectively. Due to its short-term nature, the carrying value of the short-term debt approximates fair value.

In February 2019, Omnicom Finance Limited, or OFL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Omnicom, issued €520 million of short-term senior notes in a private placement to an investor outside the United States. The notes, which were non-interest bearing, matured on August 14, 2019 and were redeemed.

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Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt was (in millions):

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
6.25% Senior Notes due 2019	$	—		$	500.0
4.45% Senior Notes due 2020	600.0			1,000.0
3.625% Senior Notes due 2022	1,250.0			1,250.0
3.65% Senior Notes due 2024	750.0			750.0
3.60% Senior Notes due 2026	1,400.0			1,400.0
€500 Million 0.80% Senior Notes due 2027	547.6			—
€500 Million 1.40% Senior Notes due 2031	547.6			—
	5,095.2			4,900.0
Unamortized premium (discount), net	1.2			4.9
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(20.8		)	(16.4		)
Unamortized deferred gain from settlement of interest rate swaps	34.8			48.0
Fair value adjustment attributed to outstanding interest rate swaps	—			(52.8		)
	5,110.4			4,883.7
Current portion	(603.4		)	(499.6		)
Long-term debt	$	4,507.0		$	4,384.1

On July 15, 2019, our $500 million 6.25% Senior Notes due 2019, or 2019 Notes, matured and were retired. On July 8, 2019, Omnicom Finance Holdings plc, or OFHP, a U.K. based wholly owned subsidiary of Omnicom, issued €500 million 0.80% Senior Notes due July 8, 2027 and €500 million 1.40% Senior Notes due July 8, 2031, collectively the Euro Notes. The U.S. Dollar equivalent of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Euro Notes, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses, was $1.1 billion. The net proceeds were used to retire the outstanding 2019 Notes at maturity, to redeem on, August 1, 2019, $400 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding $1.0 billion 4.45% Senior Notes due 2020, or the 2020 Notes, and for general corporate purposes. In connection with the partial redemption of the 2020 Notes, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of $6.3 million in interest expense. At September 30, 2019, the remaining $600 million of the 2020 Notes were classified as current.

Omnicom and its wholly owned finance subsidiary, Omnicom Capital Inc., or OCI, are co-obligors under all our U.S. Dollar-denominated senior notes. The U.S. Dollar-denominated senior notes are a joint and several liability of Omnicom and OCI, and Omnicom unconditionally guarantees OCI’s obligations with respect to the senior notes. OCI provides funding for our operations by incurring debt and lending the proceeds to our operating subsidiaries. OCI’s assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans made to our operating subsidiaries, and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of OCI or Omnicom to obtain funds from our subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances. The senior notes are senior unsecured obligations that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness.

Omnicom and OCI have, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guaranteed OFHP’s obligations with respect to the Euro Notes. OFHP’s assets consist of its investments in several wholly owned finance companies that function as treasury centers, which provide funding for various operating companies in Europe, Brazil, Australia and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The finance companies’ assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans that they make or have made to the operating companies in their respective regions and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of Omnicom, OCI or OFHP to obtain funds from their subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances. The Euro Notes and the related guarantees are senior unsecured obligations that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness of OFHP and each of Omnicom and OCI, respectively.

In August 2019, we settled the $750 million fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on our 3.65% Senior Notes due 2024, or 2024 Notes, and the $500 million fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on our 3.60% Senior Notes due 2026, or 2026 Notes. We realized a net gain of $3.3 million on settlement, which is being amortized in interest expense over the remaining term of the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes. As a result of the swap settlement, our long-term debt portfolio consists entirely of fixed rate debt.

7. Segment Reporting

Our five branded agency networks operate in the advertising, marketing and corporate communications services industry, and are organized into agency networks, virtual client networks, regional reporting units and operating groups or practice areas. Our networks, virtual client networks and agencies increasingly share clients and provide clients with integrated services. The main economic components of each agency are employee compensation and related costs and direct service costs and occupancy and other costs which include rent and occupancy costs, technology costs and other overhead expenses. Therefore, given these similarities, we aggregate our operating segments, which are our five agency networks, into one reporting segment.

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The agency networks' regional reporting units comprise three principal regions; the Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. The regional reporting units monitor the performance and are responsible for the agencies in their region. Agencies within the regional reporting units serve similar clients in similar industries and in many cases the same clients and have similar economic characteristics.

Revenue and long-lived assets and goodwill by geographic region were (in millions):

	Americas		EMEA		Asia-Pacific
September 30, 2019
Revenue - Three months ended	$	2,196.7	$	1,008.2	$	418.9
Revenue - Nine months ended	6,490.1		3,129.6		1,192.8
Long-lived assets and goodwill	7,844.6		2,862.9		632.0
September 30, 2018
Revenue - Three months ended	$	2,197.5	$	1,078.9	$	437.9
Revenue - Nine months ended	6,504.2		3,435.1		1,264.2
Long-lived assets and goodwill	6,930.2		2,611.1		552.1

The increase in long-lived assets and goodwill from 2018 to 2019 is primarily the result of recording the operating lease ROU assets upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 (see Note 1) partially offset by the impact of changes in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar during the periods.

8. Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased period-over-period to 26.0% from 25.4%. The effective tax rate for 2019 reflects a benefit of $10.8 million primarily from the net favorable settlements of uncertain tax positions in certain jurisdictions, which resulted in the recognition of net deferred tax assets in the second quarter of 2019. The effective tax rate for 2018 reflects a decrease of $19 million related to the successful resolution of foreign tax claims, partially offset by a net increase in income tax expense of $3.9 million recorded in the third quarter of 2018 related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, the tax benefit on the repositioning actions, and the adjustment to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act.

At September 30, 2019, our unrecognized tax benefits were $176.3 million. Of this amount, approximately $169.8 million would affect our effective tax rate upon resolution of the uncertain tax positions.

9. Pension and Other Postemployment Benefits

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The components of net periodic benefit expense were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Service cost	$	6.4		$	6.4
Interest cost	4.9			5.1
Expected return on plan assets	(1.1		)	(1.8		)
Amortization of prior service cost	0.6			3.3
Amortization of actuarial losses	0.9			4.9
	$	11.7		$	17.9

We contributed $1.0 million and $1.3 million to our defined benefit pension plans in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Postemployment Arrangements

The components of net periodic benefit expense were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018
Service cost	$	3.3	$	3.6
Interest cost	3.3		2.7
Amortization of prior service cost	3.3		2.6
Amortization of actuarial losses	0.7		1.3
	$	10.6	$	10.2

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10. Repositioning Liabilities

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the liability for incremental severance and office lease consolidation and termination incurred in connection with our repositioning actions taken in the third quarter of 2018 was $36.1 million and $78.9 million, respectively. We expect that substantially all the liabilities will be paid by the end of 2019.

11. Supplemental Cash Flow Data

The use of operating capital was (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable	$	1,005.1		$	1,027.5
(Increase) decrease in work in process and other current assets	(310.4		)	(522.7		)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	(1,904.4		)	(1,745.5		)
Increase (decrease) in customer advances, taxes payable and other current liabilities	(270.8		)	(114.8		)
Change in other assets and liabilities, net	40.5			(16.1		)
	$	(1,440.0	)	$	(1,371.6	)
Income taxes paid	$	287.1		$	276.4
Interest paid	$	176.3		$	177.4

Supplemental non-cash information related to leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in millions):

Net increase in lease liability:
Operating leases	$	1,730.8
Finance leases	$	39.4

12. Leases

Substantially all our operating leases represent leases for office space used to conduct our business. Substantially all our finance leases represent leases for office furniture and technology (IT) equipment leases.

The components of lease cost were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	243.9
Variable lease cost	25.5
Short-term lease cost	3.9
Sublease income	(3.9		)
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	31.6
Interest	3.8
	35.4
Total lease cost	$	304.8

The balance sheet classification and weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate related to our operating and finance leases were (in millions):

	September 30, 2019
Operating leases:
ROU asset	$	1,382.7
Lease liability:
Other current liabilities	$	273.7
Long-term liability - operating leases	1,277.0
	$	1,550.7
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	8.4
Weighted average discount rate	3.8		%
Finance leases:
Property and equipment, net	$	130.0
Lease liability:
Other current liabilities	$	43.2
Long-term liabilities	91.5
	$	134.7
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	2.8
Weighted average discount rate	4.1		%

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The maturity of the undiscounted cash flows for operating and finance leases was (in millions):

	September 30, 2019
	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2019 Remainder	$	85.3	$	12.4
2020	320.8		46.9
2021	269.1		38.3
2022	217.8		24.9
2023	170.6		12.4
2024	147.8		4.8
Thereafter	626.0		2.6
Total lease payments	1,837.4		142.3
Less: Interest	286.7		7.6
Present value of lease liability	$	1,550.7	$	134.7

13. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various legal proceedings. We do not presently expect that these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.

14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes were (in millions):

	Cash Flow Hedge			Available-for-Sale Securities		Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Postemployment Arrangements			Foreign Currency Translation			Total
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
January 1	$	(22.3	)	$	—	$	(69.3	)	$	(1,136.9	)	$	(1,228.5	)
Cumulative effect of accounting change	(5.6		)	—		(16.7		)	—			(22.3		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	—			—		—			(103.6		)	(103.6		)
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	2.9			—		2.7			—			5.6
September 30	$	(25.0	)	$	—	$	(83.3	)	$	(1,240.5	)	$	(1,348.8	)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
January 1	$	(26.3	)	$	(0.3	)	$	(88.4	)	$	(848.0	)	$	(963.0	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	—			—			—			(237.7		)	(237.7		)
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	3.0			0.3			11.2			—			14.5
September 30	$	(23.3	)	$	—		$	(77.2	)	$	(1,085.7	)	$	(1,186.2	)

15. Fair Value

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were (in millions):

	September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,440.4					$	2,440.4
Short-term investments	5.2						5.2
Marketable equity investments	1.5						1.5
Foreign currency derivative instruments			$	0.2			0.2
Liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative instruments			$	0.5			$	0.5
Contingent purchase price obligations					$	144.9	144.9

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	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,652.4					$	3,652.4
Short-term investments	5.5						5.5
Marketable equity investments	1.5						1.5
Liabilities:
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative instruments			$	52.9			$	52.9
Contingent purchase price obligations					$	146.5	146.5

Changes in contingent purchase price obligations were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
January 1	$	146.5		$	215.6
Acquisitions	42.9			84.1
Revaluation and interest	2.2			8.7
Payments	(43.7		)	(66.4		)
Foreign currency translation	(3.0		)	(17.0		)
September 30	$	144.9		$	225.0

The carrying amount and fair value of our financial assets and liabilities were (in millions):

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,440.4	$	2,440.4	$	3,652.4	$	3,652.4
Short-term investments	5.2		5.2		5.5		5.5
Marketable equity investments	1.5		1.5		1.5		1.5
Foreign currency derivative instruments	0.2		0.2		—		—
Non-marketable equity securities	10.3		10.3		11.8		11.8
Liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	7.9	$	7.9	$	8.1	$	8.1
Interest rate and foreign currency derivative instruments	0.5		0.5		52.9		52.9
Contingent purchase price obligations	144.9		144.9		146.5		146.5
Long-term debt, including current portion	5,110.4		5,294.6		4,883.7		4,821.3

The estimated fair value of the foreign currency and interest rate derivative instruments is determined using model-derived valuations, taking into consideration foreign currency rates for the foreign currency derivatives and readily observable inputs for LIBOR interest rates and yield curves to derive the present value of the future cash flows for the interest rate swap derivatives and counterparty credit risk for each. The estimated fair value of the contingent purchase price obligations is calculated in accordance with the terms of each acquisition agreement and is discounted. The fair value of debt is based on quoted market prices.

16. Subsequent Events

We have evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date and determined there have not been any events that have occurred that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

We are a strategic holding company providing advertising, marketing and corporate communications services to clients through our branded networks and agencies around the world. On a global, pan-regional and local basis, our networks and agencies provide a comprehensive range of services in the following fundamental disciplines: advertising, CRM, which includes CRM Consumer Experience and CRM Execution & Support, public relations and healthcare. Our business model was built and continues to evolve around our clients. While our networks and agencies operate under different names and frame their ideas in different disciplines, we organize our services around our clients. Our fundamental business principle is that our clients’ specific marketing requirements are the central focus of how we structure our service offerings and allocate our resources. This client-centric business model requires that multiple agencies within Omnicom collaborate in formal and informal virtual client networks utilizing our key client matrix organization structure. This collaboration allows us to cut across our internal organizational structures to execute our clients’ marketing requirements in a consistent and comprehensive manner. We use our client-centric approach to grow our business by expanding our service offerings to existing clients, moving into new markets and obtaining new clients. In addition, we pursue selective acquisitions of complementary companies with strong entrepreneurial management teams that typically currently serve or could serve our existing clients.

As a leading global advertising, marketing and corporate communications company, we operate in all major markets and have a large and diverse client base. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our largest client accounted for 3.1% of our revenue and our 100 largest clients, which represent many of the world's major marketers, accounted for approximately 52% of our revenue. Our business is spread across a number of industry sectors with no one industry comprising more than 14% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Although our revenue is generally balanced between the United States and international markets and we have a large and diverse client base, we are not immune to general economic downturns.

As described in more detail below, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, revenue decreased $391.0 million, or 3.5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue $278.9 million, or 2.5%, acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue, reduced revenue $394.6 million, or 3.5%, reflecting the disposition of certain non-strategic businesses, and organic growth increased revenue $282.5 million, or 2.5%.

Global economic conditions have a direct impact on our business and financial performance. Adverse global or regional economic conditions pose a risk that our clients may reduce, postpone or cancel spending on advertising, marketing and corporate communications services, which would reduce the demand for our services. Revenue is typically lower in the first and third quarters and higher in the second and fourth quarters, reflecting client spending patterns during the year and additional project work that usually occurs in the fourth quarter. Additionally, certain global events targeted by major marketers for advertising expenditures, such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics, and certain national events, such as the U.S. election process, may affect our revenue period-over-period in certain businesses. Typically, these events do not have a significant impact on our revenue in any period. In the first nine months of 2019, as compared to the first nine months of 2018, improved organic growth in our advertising and media, CRM Consumer Experience and healthcare businesses in North America was partially offset by negative performance and disposition activity primarily in our CRM Execution & Support disciplines. In Europe, while mixed by market and discipline, modest organic growth primarily driven by our advertising and media businesses was offset by the disposition of Sellbytel, our European-based outsourced sales, service and support company, in the third quarter of 2018, the negative impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and negative performance in our CRM Consumer Experience businesses. The economic and political conditions in the European Union, including the status of Brexit, remain uncertain and could negatively impact our businesses in the region. In Latin America, continued unstable economic and political conditions in Brazil contributed to our weak performance in the region, and the negative impacts of foreign currency exchange rates and disposition activity combined to offset organic growth in other countries in the region including, Chile, Argentina and Mexico. In Asia-Pacific, modest organic growth in most countries was offset by the negative impact of changes in foreign exchange rates and negative performance in China, which faced difficult comparisons to the prior year periods, which had strong organic growth. The economic and fiscal issues facing the countries we operate in can cause economic uncertainty and volatility; however, the impact on our business varies by country. We monitor economic conditions closely, as well as client revenue levels and other factors and, in response to reductions in our client revenue, if necessary, we will take actions available to us to align our cost structure and manage our working capital. There can be no assurance whether, or to what extent, our efforts to mitigate any impact of future adverse economic conditions, reductions in client revenue, changes in client creditworthiness and other developments will be effective.

Certain business trends have had a positive impact on our business and industry. These trends include clients increasingly expanding the focus of their brand strategies from national markets to pan-regional and global markets and integrating traditional and non-traditional marketing channels, as well as utilizing new communications technologies and emerging digital platforms. As clients increase their demands for marketing effectiveness and efficiency, they have made it a practice to consolidate their business within one service provider in the pursuit of a single engagement covering all consumer touch points. We have structured

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our business around these trends. We believe that our key client matrix organization structure approach to collaboration and integration of our services and solutions has provided a competitive advantage to our business in the past and we expect this to continue over the medium and long term.

Driven by our clients’ continuous demand for more effective and efficient marketing activities, we strive to provide an extensive range of advertising, marketing and corporate communications services through various client-centric networks that are organized to meet specific client objectives. These services include, among others, advertising, branding, content marketing, corporate social responsibility consulting, crisis communications, custom publishing, data analytics, database management, digital/direct marketing, digital transformation, entertainment marketing, experiential marketing, field marketing, financial/corporate business-to-business advertising, graphic arts/digital imaging, healthcare marketing and communications, in-store design, interactive marketing, investor relations, marketing research, media planning and buying, merchandising and point of sale, mobile marketing, multi-cultural marketing, non-profit marketing, organizational communications, package design, product placement, promotional marketing, public affairs, public relations, retail marketing, sales support, search engine marketing, shopper marketing, social media marketing and sports and event marketing.

In the near term, barring unforeseen events and excluding the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, because of continued improvement in the operating performance of many of our agencies, as well as new business activities, we expect our organic revenue to increase modestly for the remainder of 2019 and over the long term to be in excess of the weighted average nominal GDP growth in our major markets. We also expect to continue to identify acquisition opportunities intended to build upon the core capabilities of our strategic disciplines and business platforms, expand our operations in high-growth and emerging markets and enhance our capabilities to leverage new technologies that are being used by marketers today.

We continually evaluate our portfolio of businesses to identify areas for investment and acquisition opportunities, as well as to identify non-strategic or underperforming businesses for disposition. In the first quarter of 2019 and in 2018, we disposed of certain businesses, primarily in our CRM Execution & Support discipline, and in the third quarter of 2018 we took certain repositioning actions in an effort to continue to improve our strategic position and achieve operating efficiencies. We expect the reduction to our earnings from our disposition activity to be substantially offset by the savings achieved from the operating efficiency and cost reduction activities, as well as any incremental earnings from new acquisition activity, and we expect a net reduction to revenue from net disposition activity of 1.5% in the fourth quarter and 3% for the current year.

Given our size and breadth, we manage our business by monitoring several financial indicators. The key indicators that we focus on are revenue and operating expenses. We analyze revenue growth by reviewing the components and mix of the growth, including growth by principal regional market and marketing discipline, the impact from foreign currency exchange rate changes, growth from acquisitions, net of dispositions and growth from our largest clients. Operating expenses are comprised of cost of services, selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, and depreciation and amortization.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2019, our revenue decreased 2.4% compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue 1.5%, acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue, reduced revenue 3.1% and organic growth increased revenue 2.2%. Across our principal regional markets, the changes in revenue were: North America was unchanged, Europe decreased 6.6%, Asia-Pacific decreased 4.3% and Latin America decreased 1.8%. In North America, improved organic growth in the United States and Canada was offset by a decrease in revenue resulting from disposition activity primarily in 2019 in the United States. Organic revenue growth in the United States was led by our advertising and media, CRM Consumer Experience and healthcare businesses, partially offset by a decrease in organic revenue growth in our CRM Execution & Support businesses. In Europe, while mixed by market and discipline, modest organic growth in the region was offset by the weakening of substantially all currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, disposition activity primarily in 2018 and negative performance in France. In Latin America, organic growth in Chile, Argentina and Mexico, was offset by the weakening of most currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, and disposition activity in Brazil. In Asia-Pacific, organic revenue growth in Japan, New Zealand, India and other countries in the region was offset by negative performance in Australia and China, both of which faced a difficult comparison to the third quarter of 2018, which had strong organic growth, disposition activity, and the weakening of most currencies against the U.S. Dollar. The change in revenue in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018 in our four fundamental disciplines was: Advertising increased 1.8%, CRM Consumer Experience decreased 0.5%, CRM Execution & Support decreased 27.3%, Public Relations decreased 5.3% and Healthcare increased 8.6%.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our revenue decreased 3.5% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue 2.5%, acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue, reduced revenue 3.5%, and organic growth increased revenue 2.5%. Across our principal regional markets, the changes in revenue were: North America increased 0.4%, Europe decreased 9.2%, Asia-Pacific decreased 5.6% and Latin America decreased 12.2%. In North America, improved organic growth in the United States and Canada was offset by a decrease in revenue resulting from disposition activity in the United States and the weakening of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar. Organic revenue growth in the United States was led by our advertising and media, CRM Consumer Experience and healthcare businesses, partially offset by a decrease in organic revenue growth in our CRM Execution & Support businesses. In Europe, modest organic

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growth in the region, especially in the United Kingdom, or U.K., and Spain, was offset by the weakening of substantially all currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, disposition activity, and weaker performance in France. In Latin America, the weakening of currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar and negative performance and disposition activity in Brazil offset organic growth in Chile, Argentina and Mexico. In Asia-Pacific, organic growth in most countries in the region, especially Japan, New Zealand and India, was offset by the weakening of most currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, disposition activity, and negative performance in China, which faced a difficult comparison to 2018, which had strong organic growth. The change in revenue in the nine months of 2019 compared to the nine months of 2018 in our four fundamental disciplines was: Advertising increased 1.4%, CRM Consumer Experience decreased 1.7%, CRM Execution & Support decreased 31.2%, Public Relations decreased 4.2% and Healthcare increased 8.1%.

We measure cost of services in two distinct categories: salary and service costs and occupancy and other costs. As a service business, salary and service costs make up the significant portion of our operating expenses and substantially all these costs comprise the essential components directly linked to the delivery of our services. Salary and service costs include employee compensation and benefits, freelance labor and direct service costs, which include third-party supplier costs and client-related travel costs. Occupancy and other costs consist of the indirect costs related to the delivery of our services, including office rent and other occupancy costs, equipment rent, technology costs, general office expenses and other expenses.

SG&A expenses, which decreased year-over-year, primarily consist of third-party marketing costs, professional fees and compensation and benefits and occupancy and other costs of our corporate and executive offices, which includes group-wide finance and accounting, treasury, legal and governance, human resource oversight and similar costs.

Operating expenses in the third quarter of 2019 decreased $61.5 million, or 1.9%, period-over-period, primarily as a result of our disposition activity in 2019 and 2018, and the weakening of substantially all foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar. Operating expenses for the third quarter of 2018 included a reduction of $178.4 million related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of $149.4 million related to charges incurred for repositioning actions, which included $73.7 million in salary and service costs for incremental severance and $73.5 million in occupancy and other costs for office lease termination and consolidation. Salary and service costs, which tend to fluctuate with changes in revenue, decreased $129.5 million, or 4.6%, in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018. Excluding the incremental severance charge incurred in 2018, salary and service costs decreased $55.8 million, or 2.0%. Occupancy and other costs, which are less directly linked to changes in revenue than salary and service costs, decreased $86.1 million, or 22.9%, in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018. Excluding the office lease termination and consolidation charge incurred in 2018, occupancy and other costs decreased $12.6 million. Operating margin decreased 0.4% period-over-period and earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets, or EBITA, margin decreased 0.6% period-over-period. Excluding the net decrease of $29.0 million in 2018 in operating expenses related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries and the charges for the repositioning actions, operating margin for the third quarter of 2019 increased to 13.1% from 12.7% for the third quarter of 2018 and EBITA margin for the third quarter of 2019 increased to 13.6% from 13.4% for the third quarter of 2018. The period-over-period increase primarily reflects a change in the mix of our business during the current period, including the positive effects following the disposition of underperforming businesses in the current and prior year and our repositioning activity in the third quarter of 2018, as well as our ongoing efforts to manage our cost structure and increase the efficiency of the operations of our agencies.

Operating expenses in the nine months of 2019 decreased $360.6 million, or 3.7%, period-over-period, primarily as a result of our disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the weakening of most foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar. Operating expenses for the nine months of 2018 included a reduction of $178.4 million related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of $149.4 million related to charges incurred for repositioning actions, which included $73.7 million in salary and service costs for incremental severance and $73.5 million in occupancy and other costs for office lease termination and consolidation. Salary and service costs, which tend to fluctuate with changes in revenue, decreased $382.4 million, or 4.6%, in the nine months of 2019 compared to the nine months of 2018. Excluding the incremental severance charge incurred in 2018, salary and service costs decreased $308.7 million, or 3.7%. Occupancy and other costs, which are less directly linked to changes in revenue than salary and service costs, decreased $101.3 million, or 10.0%, in the nine months of 2019 compared to the nine months of 2018. Excluding the office lease termination and consolidation charge incurred in 2018, occupancy and other costs decreased $27.8 million, or 2.9%. Operating margin increased 0.2% period-over-period and EBITA margin was unchanged period-over-period. Excluding the net decrease of $29.0 million in 2018 in operating expenses related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries and the charges for the repositioning actions, operating margin increased period-over-period to 13.6% from 13.2% and EBITA margin in the nine months of 2019 increased to 14.2% from 13.9% in the nine months of 2018. The period-over-period increase primarily reflects a change in the mix of our business during the current period, including the positive effects following the disposition of underperforming businesses in the current and prior year and our repositioning activity in the third quarter of 2018, as well as our ongoing efforts to manage our cost structure and increase the efficiency of the operations of our agencies. In addition, a net gain on the sale of certain businesses in 2019, partially offset by the negative impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, marginally improved EBITA and operating profit in the current period.

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Net interest expense in the third quarter of 2019 decreased $7.4 million period-over-period to $49.3 million. Interest expense on debt decreased $4.7 million to $58.6 million in the third quarter of 2019, primarily reflecting a reduction in interest expense from refinancing activity in the quarter at lower interest rates including the retirement at maturity, on July 15, 2019, of the $500 million 6.25% Senior Notes due 2019, or the 2019 Notes, and the settlement of the fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps, partially offset by a loss on the partial redemption on, August 1, 2019, of $400 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding $1 billion 4.45% Senior Notes due 2020, or the 2020 Notes, and the issuance, on July 8, 2019, of €500 million 0.80% Senior Notes due July 8, 2027 and €500 million 1.40% Senior Notes due July 8, 2031, collectively the Euro Notes (see Note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements). Interest income increased $0.8 million to $13.5 million period-over-period, reflecting improved cash management of the net proceeds resulting from the refinancing activity in the quarter. Going forward, we expect interest expense on our long-term debt to be lower compared to the prior year periods. However, total interest expense is subject to interest rate changes on our commercial paper issuances and short-term borrowings and the non-cash impact of foreign exchange rate changes on interest expense for the Euro Notes.

Net interest expense in the nine months of 2019 decreased $10.6 million period-over-period to $145.5 million. Interest expense on debt increased $0.6 million to $180.3 million in the nine months of 2019, reflecting a loss on the partial redemption, on August 1, 2019, of $400 million aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes, and higher rates on the floating leg of the fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps compared to the prior year period, substantially offset by a reduction in interest expense from reduced commercial paper borrowings and the retirement at maturity, on July 15, 2019, of the $500 million 2019 Notes (see Note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements). Interest income in the nine months of 2019 increased $4.9 million period-over-period to $46.9 million due to higher interest earned on cash held by our international treasury centers.

Our effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2019 increased period-over-period to 26.5% from 25.9%. The effective tax rate for 2018 reflects the impact of a lower tax rate on the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, substantially offset by an increase in income tax expense for an adjustment to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act.

Our effective tax rate for the nine months of 2019 increased period-over-period to 26.0% from 25.4%. The effective tax rate for 2019 reflects a benefit of $10.8 million primarily from the net favorable settlements of uncertain tax positions in certain jurisdictions, which resulted in the recognition of net deferred tax assets in the second quarter of 2019. The effective tax rate for 2018 reflects a decrease of $19 million related to the successful resolution of foreign tax claims, partially offset by a net increase in income tax expense of $3.9 million recorded in the third quarter of 2018 related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, the tax benefit on the repositioning actions, and the adjustment to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act.

Net income - Omnicom Group Inc. in the third quarter of 2019 decreased $8.7 million, or 2.9%, to $290.2 million from $298.9 million in the third quarter of 2018, and net income - Omnicom Group Inc. in the nine months of 2019 decreased $3.1 million, or 0.3%, to $924.1 million from $927.2 million in the nine months of 2018. The period-over-period decrease is due to the factors described above. Diluted net income per share - Omnicom Group Inc. was $1.32 in the third quarter of 2019 and was unchanged period-over-period and diluted net income per share - Omnicom Group Inc. increased 2.7% to $4.17 in the nine months of 2019, compared to $4.06 in the nine months of 2018, due to the factors described above, as well as the impact of the reduction in our weighted average common shares outstanding resulting from repurchases of our common stock, net of shares issued for restricted stock awards, stock option exercises and the employee stock purchase plan. The after-tax net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, the increased costs from the repositioning actions, after the allocable share of $6.9 million to noncontrolling interests, and the increase in income tax expense for the adjustments related to the provisional amounts for the effect of the Tax Act, increased net income - Omnicom Group Inc. for the third quarter and the nine months of 2018 by $18.2 million, which resulted in an increase in diluted net income per share - Omnicom Group Inc. of $0.08 for both periods.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Third Quarter 2019 Compared to Third Quarter 2018 (in millions):

	2019			2018
Revenue	$	3,623.8		$	3,714.3
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs	2,704.7			2,834.2
Occupancy and other costs	290.7			376.8
Net gain on disposition of subsidiaries	—			(178.4		)
Cost of services	2,995.4			3,032.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses	97.2			113.5
Depreciation and amortization	57.9			65.9
	3,150.5			3,212.0
Operating Profit	473.3			502.3
Operating Margin %	13.1		%	13.5		%
Interest Expense	62.8			69.4
Interest Income	13.5			12.7
Income Before Income Taxes and Income From Equity Method Investments	424.0			445.6
Income Tax Expense	112.3			115.3
Income From Equity Method Investments	0.5			1.0
Net Income	312.2			331.3
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests	22.0			32.4
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.	$	290.2		$	298.9

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use EBITA and EBITA Margin as additional operating performance measures that exclude the non-cash amortization expense of intangible assets, which primarily consists of amortization of intangible assets arising from acquisitions. We define EBITA as earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets, and EBITA Margin as EBITA divided by revenue. EBITA and EBITA Margin are non-GAAP Financial measures. We believe that EBITA and EBITA Margin are useful measures for investors to evaluate the performance of our business. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.

The following table reconciles the U.S. GAAP financial measure of Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc. to EBITA and EBITA Margin for the periods presented (in millions):

	2019			2018
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.	$	290.2		$	298.9
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests	22.0			32.4
Net Income	312.2			331.3
Income From Equity Method Investments	0.5			1.0
Income Tax Expense	112.3			115.3
Income Before Income Taxes and Income From Equity Method Investments	424.0			445.6
Interest Expense	62.8			69.4
Interest Income	13.5			12.7
Operating Profit	473.3			502.3
Add back: Amortization of intangible assets	21.2			25.2
Earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets (“EBITA”)	$	494.5		$	527.5
Revenue	$	3,623.8		$	3,714.3
EBITA	$	494.5		$	527.5
EBITA Margin %	13.6		%	14.2		%

Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the prior year period, revenue decreased $90.5 million, or 2.4%, to $3,623.8 million from $3,714.3 million in the third quarter of 2018. Changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue $56.6 million, acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue, reduced revenue $116.8 million, and organic growth increased revenue $82.9 million. The impact of changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue 1.5%, or $56.6 million, compared to the third quarter of 2018, primarily resulting from the weakening of substantially all foreign currencies, especially the Euro, British Pound and Australian Dollar, against the U.S. Dollar.

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The components of revenue change for the third quarter of 2019 in the United States (“Domestic”) and the remainder of the world (“International”) were (in millions):

	Total					Domestic					International
	$			%		$			%		$			%
September 30, 2018	$	3,714.3				$	1,992.7				$	1,721.6
Components of revenue change:
Foreign exchange rate impact	(56.6		)	(1.5	)%	—			—	%	(56.6		)	(3.3	)%
Acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue	(116.8		)	(3.1	)%	(52.9		)	(2.7	)%	(63.9		)	(3.7	)%
Organic growth	82.9			2.2	%	53.7			2.7	%	29.2			1.7	%
September 30, 2019	$	3,623.8		(2.4	)%	$	1,993.5		—	%	$	1,630.3		(5.3	)%

The components and percentages are calculated as follows:

• Foreign exchange rate impact is calculated by translating the current period’s local currency revenue using the prior period average exchange rates to derive current period constant currency revenue (in this case $3,680.4 million for the Total column). The foreign exchange impact is the difference between the current period revenue in U.S. Dollars and the current period constant currency revenue ($3,623.8 million less $3,680.4 million for the Total column).

• Acquisition revenue is calculated as if the acquisition occurred twelve months prior to the acquisition date by aggregating the comparable prior period revenue of acquisitions through the acquisition date. As a result, acquisition revenue excludes the positive or negative difference between our current period revenue subsequent to the acquisition date and the comparable prior period revenue and the positive or negative growth after the acquisition is attributed to organic growth. Disposition revenue is calculated as if the disposition occurred twelve months prior to the disposition date by aggregating the comparable prior period revenue of dispositions through the disposition date. The acquisition revenue and disposition revenue amounts are netted in the table.

• Organic growth is calculated by subtracting the foreign exchange rate impact, and the acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue components from total revenue growth.

• The percentage change is calculated by dividing the individual component amount by the prior period revenue base of that component ($3,714.3 million for the Total column).

Changes in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar affect our results of operations and financial position. For the most part, because the revenue and expense of our foreign operations are both denominated in the same local currency, the economic impact on operating margin is minimized. Assuming exchange rates at October 10, 2019 remain unchanged, we expect the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates to reduce revenue by approximately 2.3% for the year and 1.5% in the fourth quarter.

Revenue and organic growth in our principal regional markets were (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change			% Organic Growth
Americas:
North America	$	2,096.5	$	2,095.5	$	1.0		2.7	%
Latin America	100.2		102.0		(1.8		)	6.6	%
EMEA:
Europe	948.6		1,015.2		(66.6		)	2.1	%
Middle East and Africa	59.6		63.7		(4.1		)	(4.5	)%
Asia-Pacific	418.9		437.9		(19.0		)	0.4	%
	$	3,623.8	$	3,714.3	$	(90.5	)	2.2	%

Revenue in Europe, which includes our primary markets of the U.K. and the Euro Zone, decreased $66.6 million for the third quarter of 2019. Revenue in the U.K., representing 9.6% of total revenue, decreased $11.2 million primarily due to the weakening of the British Pound against the U.S. Dollar. Revenue in Continental Europe, which comprises the Euro Zone and the other European countries, representing 16.6% of total revenue, decreased $55.4 million primarily due to disposition activity primarily in 2018 and the unfavorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates.

In North America, improved organic growth in the United States and Canada was offset by a decrease in revenue resulting from disposition activity primarily in 2019 in the United States. Organic revenue growth in the United States was led by our advertising and media, CRM Consumer Experience and healthcare businesses, partially offset by a decrease in organic revenue growth in our CRM Execution & Support businesses. In Europe, while mixed by market and discipline, modest organic growth in the region was offset by the weakening of substantially all currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, disposition activity primarily in 2018 and negative performance in France. In Latin America, organic growth in Chile, Argentina and Mexico, was

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offset by the weakening of most currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, and disposition activity in Brazil. In Asia-Pacific, organic revenue growth in Japan, New Zealand, India and other countries in the region was offset by negative performance in Australia and China, both of which faced a difficult comparison to the third quarter of 2018, which had strong organic growth, disposition activity, and the weakening of most currencies against the U.S. Dollar.

In the normal course of business, our agencies both gain and lose business from clients each year due to a variety of factors. The net change in the third quarter of 2019 was an overall gain in new business. Under our client-centric approach, we seek to broaden our relationships with all of our clients. Our largest client represented 3.4% and 3.0% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our ten largest and 100 largest clients represented 19.7% and 52.5% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2019, respectively, and 19.3% and 50.6% of our revenue for the third quarter of 2018, respectively.

In an effort to monitor the changing needs of our clients and to further expand the scope of our services to key clients, we monitor revenue across a broad range of disciplines and group them into the following categories: advertising, CRM, which includes CRM Consumer Experience and CRM Execution & Support, public relations and healthcare.

Revenue and organic growth by discipline were (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019 vs. 2018
	$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$ Change			% Organic Growth
Advertising	$	2,027.2	55.9	%	$	1,992.1	53.6	%	$	35.1		3.4	%
CRM Consumer Experience	636.4		17.6	%	639.3		17.2	%	(2.9		)	1.8	%
CRM Execution & Support	337.4		9.3	%	464.0		12.5	%	(126.6		)	(1.5	)%
Public Relations	337.2		9.3	%	356.0		9.6	%	(18.8		)	(3.8	)%
Healthcare	285.6		7.9	%	262.9		7.1	%	22.7			9.5	%
	$	3,623.8			$	3,714.3			$	(90.5	)	2.2	%

We provide services to clients that operate in various industry sectors. Revenue by sector was:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018
Food and Beverage	13	%	13	%
Consumer Products	9	%	9	%
Pharmaceuticals and Health Care	13	%	13	%
Financial Services	8	%	8	%
Technology	7	%	8	%
Auto	11	%	10	%
Travel and Entertainment	7	%	7	%
Telecommunications	5	%	5	%
Retail	5	%	6	%
Other	22	%	21	%

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses were (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018					2019 vs. 2018
	$		% of Revenue		$			% of Revenue		$ Change			% Change
Revenue	$	3,623.8			$	3,714.3				$	(90.5	)	(2.4	)%
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs	2,704.7		74.6	%	2,834.2			76.3	%	(129.5		)	(4.6	)%
Occupancy and other costs	290.7		8.0	%	376.8			10.1	%	(86.1		)	(22.9	)%
Net gain on disposition of subsidiaries	—		—	%	(178.4		)	(4.8	)%	178.4
Cost of services	2,995.4				3,032.6					(37.2		)	(1.2	)%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	97.2		2.7	%	113.5			3.1	%	(16.3		)	(14.4	)%
Depreciation and amortization	57.9		1.6	%	65.9			1.8	%	(8.0		)	(12.1	)%
	3,150.5		86.9	%	3,212.0			86.5	%	(61.5		)	(1.9	)%
Operating Profit	$	473.3	13.1	%	$	502.3		13.5	%	$	(29.0	)	(5.8	)%

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Operating expenses in the third quarter of 2019 decreased $61.5 million, or 1.9%, period-over-period, primarily as a result of our disposition activity in 2019 and 2018, and the weakening of substantially all foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar. Operating expenses for the third quarter of 2018 included a reduction of $178.4 million related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of $149.4 million related to charges incurred for repositioning actions, which included $73.7 million in salary and service costs for incremental severance and $73.5 million in occupancy and other costs for office lease termination and consolidation. Salary and service costs, which tend to fluctuate with changes in revenue, decreased $129.5 million, or 4.6%, in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018. Excluding the incremental severance charge incurred in 2018, salary and service costs decreased $55.8 million, or 2.0%. Occupancy and other costs, which are less directly linked to changes in revenue than salary and service costs, decreased $86.1 million, or 22.9%, in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018. Excluding the office lease termination and consolidation charge incurred in 2018, occupancy and other costs decreased $12.6 million. Operating margin decreased 0.4% period-over-period and earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets, or EBITA, margin decreased 0.6% period-over-period. Excluding the net decrease of $29.0 million in 2018 in operating expenses related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries and the charges for the repositioning actions, operating margin for the third quarter of 2019 increased to 13.1% from 12.7% for the third quarter of 2018 and EBITA margin for the third quarter of 2019 increased to 13.6% from 13.4% for the third quarter of 2018. The period-over-period increase primarily reflects a change in the mix of our business during the current period, including the positive effects following the disposition of underperforming businesses in the current and prior year and our repositioning activity in the third quarter of 2018, as well as our ongoing efforts to manage our cost structure and increase the efficiency of the operations of our agencies.

Net Interest Expense

Net interest expense in the third quarter of 2019 decreased $7.4 million period-over-period to $49.3 million. Interest expense on debt decreased $4.7 million to $58.6 million in the third quarter of 2019, primarily reflecting a reduction in interest expense from refinancing activity in the quarter at lower interest rates including the retirement at maturity, on July 15, 2019, of the 2019 Notes, and the settlement of the fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps, partially offset by a loss on the partial redemption, on August 1, 2019, of $400 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2020 Notes, and the issuance, on July 8, 2019, of the Euro Notes (see Note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements). Interest income increased $0.8 million to $13.5 million period-over-period, reflecting improved cash management of the net proceeds resulting from the refinancing activity in the quarter.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2019 increased period-over-period to 26.5% from 25.9%. The effective tax rate for 2018 reflects the impact of a lower tax rate on the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, substantially offset by an increase in income tax expense for an adjustment to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act.

Net Income Per Share - Omnicom Group Inc.

Net income - Omnicom Group Inc. in the third quarter of 2019 decreased $8.7 million, or 2.9%, to $290.2 million from $298.9 million in the third quarter of 2018. The period-over-period decrease is due to the factors described above. Diluted net income per share - Omnicom Group Inc. was $1.32 in the third quarter of 2019 and was unchanged period-over-period due to the factors described above, as well as the impact of the reduction in our weighted average common shares outstanding resulting from repurchases of our common stock, net of shares issued for restricted stock awards, stock option exercises and the employee stock purchase plan. The after-tax net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, the increased costs from the repositioning actions, after the allocable share of $6.9 million to noncontrolling interests, and the increase in income tax expense for the adjustments related to the provisional amounts for the effect of the Tax Act, increased net income - Omnicom Group Inc. for the third quarter of 2018 by $18.2 million, which resulted in an increase in diluted net income per share - Omnicom Group Inc. of $0.08.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - Nine Months of 2019 Compared to Nine Months of 2018 (in millions):

	2019			2018
Revenue	$	10,812.5		$	11,203.5
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs	7,937.5			8,319.9
Occupancy and other costs	915.4			1,016.7
Net gain on disposition of subsidiaries	—			(178.4		)
Cost of services	8,852.9			9,158.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	308.4			336.3
Depreciation and amortization	175.3			202.7
	9,336.6			9,697.2
Operating Profit	1,475.9			1,506.3
Operating Margin %	13.6		%	13.4		%
Interest Expense	192.4			198.1
Interest Income	46.9			42.0
Income Before Income Taxes and Income From Equity Method Investments	1,330.4			1,350.2
Income Tax Expense	345.5			343.0
Income From Equity Method Investments	1.2			3.6
Net Income	986.1			1,010.8
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests	62.0			83.6
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.	$	924.1		$	927.2

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use EBITA and EBITA Margin as additional operating performance measures that exclude the non-cash amortization expense of intangible assets, which primarily consists of amortization of intangible assets arising from acquisitions. We define EBITA as earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets, and EBITA Margin as EBITA divided by revenue. EBITA and EBITA Margin are non-GAAP Financial measures. We believe that EBITA and EBITA Margin are useful measures for investors to evaluate the performance of our business. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.

The following table reconciles the U.S. GAAP financial measure of Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc. to EBITA and EBITA Margin for the periods presented (in millions):

	2019			2018
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.	$	924.1		$	927.2
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests	62.0			83.6
Net Income	986.1			1,010.8
Income From Equity Method Investments	1.2			3.6
Income Tax Expense	345.5			343.0
Income Before Income Taxes and Income From Equity Method Investments	1,330.4			1,350.2
Interest Expense	192.4			198.1
Interest Income	46.9			42.0
Operating Profit	1,475.9			1,506.3
Add back: Amortization of intangible assets	64.0			79.7
Earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets (“EBITA”)	$	1,539.9		$	1,586.0
Revenue	$	10,812.5		$	11,203.5
EBITA	$	1,539.9		$	1,586.0
EBITA Margin %	14.2		%	14.2		%

Revenue

In the nine months of 2019, revenue decreased $391.0 million, or 3.5%, to $10,812.5 million from $11,203.5 million in the nine months of 2018. Changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue $278.9 million, acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue, reduced revenue $394.6 million, and organic growth increased revenue $282.5 million. The impact of changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue 2.5%, or $278.9 million, compared to the nine months of 2018, primarily resulting from the weakening of substantially all foreign currencies, especially the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar, against the U.S. Dollar.

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The components of revenue change for the nine months of 2019 in the United States (“Domestic”) and the remainder of the world (“International”) were (in millions):

	Total					Domestic					International
	$			%		$			%		$			%
September 30, 2018	$	11,203.5				$	5,864.6				$	5,338.9
Components of revenue change:
Foreign exchange rate impact	(278.9		)	(2.5	)%	—			—	%	(278.9		)	(5.2	)%
Acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue	(394.6		)	(3.5	)%	(136.1		)	(2.3	)%	(258.5		)	(4.8	)%
Organic growth	282.5			2.5	%	154.4			2.6	%	128.1			2.4	%
September 30, 2019	$	10,812.5		(3.5	)%	$	5,882.9		0.3	%	$	4,929.6		(7.7	)%

The components and percentages are calculated as follows:

• Foreign exchange rate impact is calculated by translating the current period’s local currency revenue using the prior period average exchange rates to derive current period constant currency revenue (in this case $11,091.4 million for the Total column). The foreign exchange impact is the difference between the current period revenue in U.S. Dollars and the current period constant currency revenue ($10,812.5 million less $11,091.4 million for the Total column).

• Acquisition revenue is calculated as if the acquisition occurred twelve months prior to the acquisition date by aggregating the comparable prior period revenue of acquisitions through the acquisition date. As a result, acquisition revenue excludes the positive or negative difference between our current period revenue subsequent to the acquisition date and the comparable prior period revenue and the positive or negative growth after the acquisition is attributed to organic growth. Disposition revenue is calculated as if the disposition occurred twelve months prior to the disposition date by aggregating the comparable prior period revenue of dispositions through the disposition date. The acquisition revenue and disposition revenue amounts are netted in the table.

• Organic growth is calculated by subtracting the foreign exchange rate impact, and the acquisition revenue, net of disposition revenue components from total revenue growth.

• The percentage change is calculated by dividing the individual component amount by the prior period revenue base of that component ($11,203.5 million for the Total column).

Revenue and organic growth in our principal regional markets were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change			% Organic Growth
Americas:
North America	$	6,204.1	$	6,178.6	$	25.5		2.9	%
Latin America	286.0		325.6		(39.6		)	0.2	%
EMEA:
Europe	2,930.0		3,227.9		(297.9		)	2.7	%
Middle East and Africa	199.6		207.2		(7.6		)	0.4	%
Asia-Pacific	1,192.8		1,264.2		(71.4		)	1.4	%
	$	10,812.5	$	11,203.5	$	(391.0	)	2.5	%

Revenue in Europe, which includes our primary markets of the U.K. and the Euro Zone, decreased $297.9 million for the nine months of 2019 as compared to the prior year period. Revenue in the U.K., representing 9.7% of total revenue, decreased $32.9 million, primarily due to the weakening of the British Pound against the U.S. Dollar. Revenue in Continental Europe, which comprises the Euro Zone and the other European countries, representing 17.4% of total revenue, decreased $265.0 million primarily due to disposition activity and the unfavorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates.

In North America, improved organic growth in the United States and Canada was offset by a decrease in revenue resulting from disposition activity in the United States and the weakening of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. Dollar. Organic revenue growth in the United States was led by our advertising and media, CRM Consumer Experience and healthcare businesses, partially offset by a decrease in organic revenue growth in our CRM Execution & Support businesses. In Europe, modest organic growth in the region, especially in the United Kingdom, or U.K., and Spain, was offset by the weakening of substantially all currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, disposition activity, and weaker performance in France. In Latin America, the weakening of currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar and negative performance and disposition activity in Brazil offset organic growth in Chile, Argentina and Mexico. In Asia-Pacific, organic growth in most countries in the region, especially Japan, New Zealand and India, was offset by the weakening of most currencies in the region against the U.S. Dollar, disposition activity, and negative performance in China, which faced a difficult comparison to 2018, which had strong organic growth.

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In the normal course of business, our agencies both gain and lose business from clients each year due to a variety of factors. The net change through the nine months of 2019 was an overall gain in new business. Under our client-centric approach, we seek to broaden our relationships with all of our clients. Our largest client represented 3.1% and 2.9% of our revenue for the nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our ten largest and 100 largest clients represented 19.4% and 51.8% of our revenue for the nine months of 2019, respectively, and 19.3% and 50.9% of our revenue for the nine months of 2018, respectively.

In an effort to monitor the changing needs of our clients and to further expand the scope of our services to key clients, we monitor revenue across a broad range of disciplines and group them into the following categories: advertising, CRM, which includes CRM Consumer Experience and CRM Execution & Support, public relations and healthcare.

Revenue and organic growth by discipline were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018
	$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$ Change			% Organic Growth
Advertising	$	6,042.4	55.9	%	$	5,961.0	53.2	%	$	81.4		4.3	%
CRM Consumer Experience	1,905.2		17.6	%	1,938.9		17.3	%	(33.7		)	1.0	%
CRM Execution & Support	1,009.6		9.3	%	1,466.6		13.1	%	(457.0		)	(2.4	)%
Public Relations	1,020.6		9.5	%	1,065.0		9.5	%	(44.4		)	(1.9	)%
Healthcare	834.7		7.7	%	772.0		6.9	%	62.7			8.3	%
	$	10,812.5			$	11,203.5			$	(391.0	)	2.5	%

We provide services to clients that operate in various industry sectors. Revenue by sector was:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018
Food and Beverage	13	%	13	%
Consumer Products	9	%	9	%
Pharmaceuticals and Health Care	13	%	13	%
Financial Services	8	%	8	%
Technology	7	%	9	%
Auto	11	%	10	%
Travel and Entertainment	7	%	7	%
Telecommunications	5	%	5	%
Retail	5	%	5	%
Other	22	%	21	%

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses were (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018					2019 vs. 2018
	$		% of Revenue		$			% of Revenue		$ Change			% Change
Revenue	$	10,812.5			$	11,203.5				$	(391.0	)	(3.5	)%
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs	7,937.5		73.4	%	8,319.9			74.3	%	(382.4		)	(4.6	)%
Occupancy and other costs	915.4		8.5	%	1,016.7			9.1	%	(101.3		)	(10.0	)%
Net gain on disposition of subsidiaries	—		—	%	(178.4		)	(1.6	)%	178.4
Cost of services	8,852.9				9,158.2					(305.3		)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	308.4		2.9	%	336.3			3.0	%	(27.9		)	(8.3	)%
Depreciation and amortization	175.3		1.6	%	202.7			1.8	%	(27.4		)	(13.5	)%
	9,336.6		86.4	%	9,697.2			86.6	%	(360.6		)	(3.7	)%
Operating Profit	$	1,475.9	13.6	%	$	1,506.3		13.4	%	$	(30.4	)	(2.0	)%

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Operating expenses in the nine months of 2019 decreased $360.6 million, or 3.7%, period-over-period, primarily as a result of our disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the weakening of most foreign currencies against the U.S. Dollar. Operating expenses for the nine months of 2018 included a reduction of $178.4 million related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of $149.4 million related to charges incurred for repositioning actions, which included $73.7 million in salary and service costs for incremental severance and $73.5 million in occupancy and other costs for office lease termination and consolidation. Salary and service costs, which tend to fluctuate with changes in revenue, decreased $382.4 million, or 4.6%, in the nine months of 2019 compared to the nine months of 2018. Excluding the incremental severance charge incurred in 2018, salary and service costs decreased $308.7 million, or 3.7%. Occupancy and other costs, which are less directly linked to changes in revenue than salary and service costs, decreased $101.3 million, or 10.0%, in the nine months of 2019 compared to the nine months of 2018. Excluding the office lease termination and consolidation charge incurred in 2018, occupancy and other costs decreased $27.8 million, or 2.9%. Operating margin increased 0.2% period-over-period and EBITA margin was unchanged period-over-period. Excluding the net decrease of $29.0 million in 2018 in operating expenses related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries and the charges for the repositioning actions, operating margin increased period-over-period to 13.6% from 13.2% and EBITA margin in the nine months of 2019 increased to 14.2% from 13.9% in the nine months of 2018. The period-over-period increase primarily reflects a change in the mix of our business during the current period, including the positive effects following the disposition of underperforming businesses in the current and prior year and our repositioning activity in the third quarter of 2018, as well as our ongoing efforts to manage our cost structure and increase the efficiency of the operations of our agencies. In addition, a net gain on the sale of certain businesses in 2019, partially offset by the negative impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, marginally improved EBITA and operating profit in the current period.

Net Interest Expense

Net interest expense in the nine months of 2019 decreased $10.6 million period-over-period to $145.5 million. Interest expense on debt increased $0.6 million to $180.3 million in the nine months of 2019, reflecting a loss on the partial redemption, on August 1, 2019, of $400 million aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes, and higher rates on the floating leg of the fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps compared to the prior year period, substantially offset by a reduction in interest expense from reduced commercial paper borrowings and the retirement at maturity, on July 15, 2019, of the $500 million 2019 Notes, on July 15, 2019 (see Note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements). Interest income in the nine months of 2019 increased $4.9 million period-over-period to $46.9 million due to higher interest earned on cash held by our international treasury centers.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for the nine months of 2019 increased period-over-period to 26.0% from 25.4%. The effective tax rate for 2019 reflects a benefit of $10.8 million primarily from the net favorable settlements of uncertain tax positions in certain jurisdictions, which resulted in the recognition of net deferred tax assets in the second quarter of 2019. The effective tax rate for 2018 reflects a decrease of $19 million related to the successful resolution of foreign tax claims, partially offset by a net increase in income tax expense of $3.9 million recorded in the third quarter of 2018 related to the net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, the tax benefit on the repositioning actions, and the adjustment to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act.

Net Income Per Share - Omnicom Group Inc.

Net income - Omnicom Group Inc. in the nine months of 2019 decreased $3.1 million, or 0.3%, to $924.1 million from $927.2 million in the nine months of 2018. The period-over-period decrease is due to the factors described above. Diluted net income per share - Omnicom Group Inc. increased 2.7% to $4.17 in the nine months of 2019, compared to $4.06 in the nine months of 2018, due to the factors described above, as well as the impact of the reduction in our weighted average common shares outstanding resulting from repurchases of our common stock, net of shares issued for restricted stock awards, stock option exercises and the employee stock purchase plan. The after-tax net gain on disposition of subsidiaries, the increased costs from the repositioning actions, after the allocable share of $6.9 million to noncontrolling interests, and the increase in income tax expense for the adjustments related to the provisional amounts for the effect of the Tax Act, increased net income - Omnicom Group Inc. for the nine months of 2018 by $18.2 million, which resulted in an increase in diluted net income per share - Omnicom Group Inc. of $0.08.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For a more complete understanding of our accounting policies, the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, readers are encouraged to consider this information together with our discussion of our critical accounting policies under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2018 10-K.

Acquisitions and Goodwill

We have made and expect to continue to make selective acquisitions. The evaluation of potential acquisitions is based on various factors, including specialized know-how, reputation, geographic coverage, competitive position and service offerings of the target businesses, as well as our experience and judgment.

Our acquisition strategy is focused on acquiring the expertise of an assembled workforce in order to continue to build upon the core capabilities of our various strategic business platforms and agency brands through the expansion of their geographic reach or their service capabilities to better serve our clients. Additional key factors we consider include the competitive position and specialized know-how of the acquisition targets. Accordingly, as is typical in most service businesses, a substantial portion of the assets we acquire are intangible assets primarily consisting of the know-how of the personnel, which is treated as part of goodwill and under U.S. GAAP is not required to be valued separately. For each acquisition, we undertake a detailed review to identify other intangible assets that are required to be valued separately. A significant portion of the identifiable intangible assets acquired is derived from customer relationships, including the related customer contracts, as well as trade names. In valuing these identified intangible assets, we typically use an income approach and consider comparable market participant measurements.

We evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually at the end of the second quarter of the year and whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Under FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, we have the option of either assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the carrying value of our reporting units exceeds their respective fair value or proceeding directly to the goodwill impairment test. Although not required, we performed the annual impairment test and compared the fair value of each of our reporting units to its respective carrying value, including goodwill. We identified our regional reporting units as components of our operating segments, which are our five global agency networks. The regional reporting units of each agency network are responsible for the agencies in their region. They report to the segment managers and facilitate the administrative and logistical requirements of our key client matrix organization structure for delivering services to clients in their regions. We have concluded that for each of our operating segments, their regional reporting units have similar economic characteristics and should be aggregated for purposes of testing goodwill for impairment at the operating segment level. Our conclusion was based on a detailed analysis of the aggregation criteria set forth in FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, and in FASB ASC Topic 350. Consistent with our fundamental business strategy, the agencies within our regional reporting units serve similar clients in similar industries, and in many cases the same clients. In addition, the agencies within our regional reporting units have similar economic characteristics. The main economic components of each agency are employee compensation and related costs and direct service costs and occupancy and other costs, which include rent and occupancy costs, technology costs that are generally limited to personal computers, servers and off-the-shelf software and other overhead expenses. Finally, the expected benefits of our acquisitions are typically shared by multiple agencies in various regions as they work together to integrate the acquired agency into our virtual client network strategy.

Goodwill Impairment Review - Estimates and Assumptions

We use the following valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of our reporting units: (1) the income approach, which utilizes discounted expected future cash flows, (2) comparative market participant multiples for EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and (3) when available, consideration of recent and similar acquisition transactions.

In applying the income approach, we use estimates to derive the discounted expected cash flows (“DCF”) for each reporting unit that serves as the basis of our valuation. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth and operating margin, EBITDA, tax rates, capital expenditures, weighted average cost of capital and related discount rates and expected long-term cash flow growth rates. All of these estimates and assumptions are affected by conditions specific to our businesses, economic conditions related to the industry we operate in, as well as conditions in the global economy. The assumptions that have the most significant effect on our valuations derived using a DCF methodology are: (1) the expected long-term growth rate of our reporting units' cash flows and (2) the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for each reporting unit.

The assumptions used for the long-term growth rate and WACC in our evaluations as of June 30, 2019 and 2018 were:

	2019	2018
Long-Term Growth Rate	3.5%	4%
WACC	10.1% - 10.6%	10.5% - 11.1%

Long-term growth rate represents our estimate of the long-term growth rate for our industry and the markets of the global economy we operate in. For the past ten years, the average historical revenue growth rate of our reporting units and the Average

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Nominal GDP, or NGDP, growth of the countries comprising the major markets that account for substantially all of our revenue was approximately 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. We considered this history when determining the long-term growth rates used in our annual impairment test at June 30, 2019. We believe marketing expenditures over the long term have a high correlation to NGDP. Based on our historical performance, we also believe that our long-term growth rate will exceed NGDP growth in the markets we operate in, which are similar across our reporting units. For our annual test as of June 30, 2019, we used an estimated long-term growth rate of 3.5%.

When performing the annual impairment test as of June 30, 2019 and estimating the future cash flows of our reporting units, we considered the current macroeconomic environment, as well as industry and market specific conditions at mid-year 2019. In the first half of 2019, our revenue increased 2.7%, which excluded our net disposition activity and the impact from changes in foreign exchange rates. While our businesses in Europe had improved performance, the continuing uncertain economic and political conditions in the EU have been further complicated by the United Kingdom's ongoing negotiations with the European Council to withdraw from the EU. During the first half of 2019, weakness in certain Latin American economies we operate in has the potential to affect our near-term performance in that region. We considered the effect of these conditions in our annual impairment test.

The WACC is comprised of: (1) a risk-free rate of return, (2) a business risk index ascribed to us and to companies in our industry comparable to our reporting units based on a market derived variable that measures the volatility of the share price of equity securities relative to the volatility of the overall equity market, (3) an equity risk premium that is based on the rate of return on equity of publicly traded companies with business characteristics comparable to our reporting units, and (4) a current after-tax market rate of return on debt of companies with business characteristics similar to our reporting units, each weighted by the relative market value percentages of our equity and debt.

Our five reporting units vary in size with respect to revenue and the amount of debt allocated to them. These differences drive variations in fair value among our reporting units. In addition, these differences as well as differences in book value, including goodwill, cause variations in the amount by which fair value exceeds book value among the reporting units. The reporting unit goodwill balances and debt vary by reporting unit primarily because our three legacy agency networks were acquired at the formation of Omnicom and were accounted for as a pooling of interests that did not result in any additional debt or goodwill being recorded. The remaining two agency networks were built through a combination of internal growth and acquisitions that were accounted for using the acquisition method and as a result, they have a relatively higher amount of goodwill and debt.

Goodwill Impairment Review - Conclusion

Based on the results of our impairment test, we concluded that our goodwill at June 30, 2019 was not impaired, because the fair value of each of our reporting units was substantially in excess of its respective net book value. The minimum decline in fair value that one of our reporting units would need to experience in order to fail the goodwill impairment test was approximately 65%. Notwithstanding our belief that the assumptions we used for WACC and long-term growth rate in our impairment testing are reasonable, we performed a sensitivity analysis for each of our reporting units. The results of this sensitivity analysis on our impairment test as of June 30, 2019 revealed that if the WACC increased by 1% and/or the long-term growth rate decreased by 1%, the fair value of each of our reporting units would continue to be substantially in excess of its respective net book value and would pass the impairment test.

We will continue to perform our impairment test at the end of the second quarter of each year unless events or circumstances trigger the need for an interim impairment test. The estimates used in our goodwill impairment test do not constitute forecasts or projections of future results of operations, but rather are estimates and assumptions based on historical results and assessments of macroeconomic factors affecting our reporting units as of the valuation date. We believe that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable, but they are subject to change from period to period. Actual results of operations and other factors will likely differ from the estimates used in our discounted cash flow valuation, and it is possible that differences could be significant. A change in the estimates we use could result in a decline in the estimated fair value of one or more of our reporting units from the amounts derived as of our latest valuation and could cause us to fail our goodwill impairment test if the estimated fair value for the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the net assets of the reporting unit, including its goodwill. A large decline in estimated fair value of a reporting unit could result in a non-cash impairment charge and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

On January 1, 2019, we adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 842, Leases, or ASC 842, which had a substantial impact on total assets and liabilities, but had no impact on our results of operations or equity.

Notes 1 and 3 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements provide information regarding new accounting standards.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Sources and Requirements

Our primary liquidity sources are our operating cash flow, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. Additional liquidity sources include our credit facilities and commercial paper program, and access to the capital markets. At September 30, 2019, we have a $2.5 billion revolving Credit Facility expiring on July 31, 2021, uncommitted credit lines aggregating $1.3 billion, and the ability to issue up to $2 billion of commercial paper. Our liquidity funds our non-discretionary cash requirements and our discretionary spending.

Working capital is our principal non-discretionary funding requirement. In addition, we have contractual obligations related to our senior notes, recurring business operations, primarily related to lease obligations, and contingent purchase price obligations (earn-outs) from prior acquisitions. Our principal discretionary cash spending includes dividend payments to common shareholders, capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions and repurchases of our common stock. As a result, we typically have a short-term borrowing requirement normally peaking during the second quarter of the year due to the timing of payments for incentive compensation, income taxes and contingent purchase price obligations. On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, which had a substantial impact on total assets and liabilities, but had no impact on our results of operations, cash flows or equity. The adoption of ASC 842 will not have a significant impact on our non-discretionary funding requirement. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe that our operating cash flow will be sufficient to meet our non-discretionary cash requirements and our discretionary spending for the next twelve months.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased $1,212.0 million from December 31, 2018, and short-term investments decreased $0.3 million from December 31, 2018. During the first nine months of 2019, we used $231.9 million of cash in operating activities, which included the use for operating capital of $1.4 billion, reflecting our typical working capital requirement during the period. Our discretionary spending during the first nine months of 2019 was: capital expenditures of $77.0 million; dividends paid to common shareholders of $422.5 million; dividends paid to shareholders of noncontrolling interests of $71.6 million; repurchases of our common stock, net of proceeds from stock option exercises and related tax benefits and common stock sold to our employee stock purchase plan, of $539.9 million; and acquisition payments, including payment of contingent purchase price obligations and acquisition of additional shares of noncontrolling interests, net of cash acquired, of $76.2 million.

On July 15, 2019, our $500 million 2019 Notes matured and were retired. On July 8, 2019, OFHP issued €1 billion of Euro Notes. The U.S. Dollar equivalent of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Euro Notes, after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses, was $1.1 billion. The net proceeds were used to retire the outstanding 2019 Notes at maturity, to redeem $400 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding $1 billion 2020 Notes on August 1, 2019 and for general corporate purposes. In connection with the partial redemption of the 2020 Notes, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of $6.3 million in interest expense. As a result of the refinancing activity, $4 billion of long-term debt is U.S. Dollar-denominated and $1.1 billion is Euro-denominated. At September 30, 2019, the remaining $600 million of the 2020 Notes were classified as current.

Cash Management

Our regional treasury centers in North America, Europe and Asia manage our cash and liquidity. Each day, operations with excess funds invest these funds with their regional treasury center. Likewise, operations that require funds borrow from their regional treasury center. The treasury centers aggregate the net position which is either invested with or borrowed from third parties. To the extent that our treasury centers require liquidity, they have the ability to issue up to a total of $2 billion of U.S. Dollar-denominated commercial paper or borrow under the Credit Facility or the uncommitted credit lines. This process enables us to manage our debt more efficiently and utilize our cash more effectively, as well as manage our risk to foreign exchange rate imbalances. In countries where we either do not conduct treasury operations or it is not feasible for one of our treasury centers to fund net borrowing requirements on an intercompany basis, we arrange for local currency uncommitted credit lines.

We have a policy governing counterparty credit risk with financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents and we have deposit limits for each institution. In countries where we conduct treasury operations, generally the counterparties are either branches or subsidiaries of institutions that are party to the Credit Facility. These institutions generally have credit ratings equal to or better than our credit ratings. In countries where we do not conduct treasury operations, all cash and cash equivalents are held by counterparties that meet specific minimum credit standards.

At September 30, 2019, our foreign subsidiaries held approximately $989 million of our total cash and cash equivalents of $2.4 billion. Most of the cash is available to us, net of any foreign withholding taxes payable upon repatriation to the United States.

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Our net debt position, which we define as total debt, including short-term debt, less cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, at September 30, 2019 increased $1.4 billion as compared to December 31, 2018. The increase in net debt is due to a decrease in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $1,212.3 million primarily arising from the unfavorable change in our operating capital of $1,440.0 million, which typically occurs during the first nine months of the year.

The components of net debt were (in millions):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2018
Short- term debt	$	7.9	$	8.1	$	11.3
Long-term debt, including current portion	5,110.4		4,883.7		4,857.2
Total debt	5,118.3		4,891.8		4,868.5
Less: Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments	2,445.6		3,657.9		2,105.8
Net debt	$	2,672.7	$	1,233.9	$	2,762.7

Net debt is a Non-GAAP liquidity measure. This presentation, together with the comparable U.S. GAAP liquidity measures, reflects one of the key metrics used by us to assess our cash management. Non-GAAP liquidity measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP liquidity measures as reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.

Debt Instruments and Related Covenants

In August 2019, we settled the $750 million fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on our 3.65% Senior Notes due 2024, or 2024 Notes, and the $500 million fixed-to-floating interest rate swap on our 3.60% Senior Notes due 2026, or 2026 Notes. We realized a net gain of $3.3 million on settlement, which is being amortized in interest expense over the remaining term of the 2024 Notes and 2026 Notes (see Note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements). As a result of the swap settlement, our long-term debt portfolio consists entirely of fixed rate debt. However, interest expense on the Euro Notes is subject to the non-cash impact of foreign exchange rate changes.

Omnicom and its wholly owned finance subsidiary OCI are co-obligors under all U.S. Dollar-denominated senior notes. The U.S. Dollar-denominated senior notes are a joint and several liability of us and OCI, and we unconditionally guarantee OCI’s obligations with respect to the senior notes. OCI provides funding for our operations by incurring debt and lending the proceeds to our operating subsidiaries. OCI’s assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans made to our operating subsidiaries, and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of OCI or us to obtain funds from our subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances. Our senior notes are senior unsecured obligations that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness.

Omnicom and OCI have, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guaranteed OFHP’s obligations with respect to the Euro Notes. OFHP’s assets consist of its investments in several wholly owned finance companies that function as treasury centers, which provide funding for various operating companies in Europe, Brazil, Australia and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The finance companies’ assets consist of intercompany loans that they make or have made to the operating companies in their respective regions and the related interest receivables. There are no restrictions on the ability of Omnicom, OCI or OFHP to obtain funds from their subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances. The Euro Notes and the related guarantees are senior unsecured obligations that rank equal in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness of OFHP and each of Omnicom and OCI, respectively.

The Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a Leverage Ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA of no more than 3 times for the most recently ended 12-month period (EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and an Interest Coverage Ratio of consolidated EBITDA to interest expense of at least 5 times for the most recently ended 12-month period. At September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with these covenants as our Leverage Ratio was 2.2 times and our Interest Coverage Ratio was 9.6 times. The Credit Facility does not limit our ability to declare or pay dividends or repurchase our common stock.

At September 30, 2019, our long-term and short-term debt was rated BBB+ and A2 by S&P and Baa1 and P2 by Moody's. Our access to the commercial paper market and the cost of these borrowings are affected by our credit ratings and market conditions. Our senior notes and Credit Facility do not contain provisions that require acceleration of cash payments in the event our debt credit ratings are downgraded.

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Credit Markets and Availability of Credit

We have typically funded our day-to-day liquidity by issuing commercial paper. Additional liquidity sources include our Credit Facility or the uncommitted credit lines. At September 30, 2019, there were no outstanding commercial paper issuances or borrowings under the Credit Facility or the uncommitted credit lines.

Commercial paper activity was (dollars in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Average amount outstanding during the quarter	$	459.6		$	383.3
Maximum amount outstanding during the quarter	$	810.0		$	815.0
Average days outstanding	3.4			5.0
Weighted average interest rate	2.39		%	2.24		%

We may continue to fund our day-to-day liquidity by issuing commercial paper. However, disruptions in the credit markets may lead to periods of illiquidity in the commercial paper market and higher credit spreads. To mitigate any future disruption in the credit markets and to fund our liquidity, we may borrow under the Credit Facility or access the capital markets if favorable conditions exist. We will continue to monitor closely our liquidity and conditions in the credit markets. We cannot predict with any certainty the impact on us of any future disruptions in the credit markets. In such circumstances, we may need to obtain additional financing to fund our day-to-day working capital requirements. Such additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.

CREDIT RISK

We provide advertising, marketing and corporate communications services to several thousand clients who operate in nearly every sector of the global economy and we grant credit to qualified clients in the normal course of business. Due to the diversified nature of our client base, we do not believe that we are exposed to a concentration of credit risk as our largest client represented 3.1% of our revenue for the first nine months of 2019. However, during periods of economic downturn, the credit profiles of our clients could change.

In the normal course of business, our agencies enter into contractual commitments with media providers and production companies on behalf of our clients at levels that can substantially exceed the revenue from our services. These commitments are included in accounts payable when the services are delivered by the media providers or production companies. If permitted by local law and the client agreement, many of our agencies purchase media and production services for our clients as an agent for a disclosed principal. In addition, while operating practices vary by country, media type and media vendor, in the United States and certain foreign markets, many of our agencies’ contracts with media and production providers specify that our agencies are not liable to the media and production providers under the theory of sequential liability until and to the extent we have been paid by our client for the media or production services.

Where purchases of media and production services are made by our agencies as a principal or are not subject to the theory of sequential liability, the risk of a material loss as a result of payment default by our clients could increase significantly and such a loss could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

In addition, our methods of managing the risk of payment default, including obtaining credit insurance, requiring payment in advance, mitigating the potential loss in the marketplace or negotiating with media providers, may be less available or unavailable during a severe economic downturn.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We manage our exposure to foreign exchange and interest rate risk through various strategies, including the use of derivative financial instruments. We use forward foreign exchange contracts as economic hedges to manage the cash flow volatility arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. We have used interest rate swaps to manage our interest expense and structure our long-term debt portfolio to achieve a mix of fixed rate and floating rate debt. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Using derivatives exposes us to the risk that counterparties to the derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. We manage that risk through careful selection and ongoing evaluation of the counterparty financial institutions based on specific minimum credit standards and other factors.

Our 2018 10-K provides a detailed discussion of the market risks affecting our operations. No material change has occurred in our market risks since the disclosure contained in our 2018 10-K. See our discussion regarding current economic conditions in Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in the Executive Summary and Liquidity and Capital Resources sections.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within applicable time periods. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, including our CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that decisions can be made timely with respect to required disclosures, as well as ensuring that the recording, processing, summarization and reporting of information required to be included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 are appropriate.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Management, with the participation of our CEO, CFO and our agencies, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of September 30, 2019. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in our 2018 10-K, has issued an attestation report on Omnicom’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, dated February 12, 2019.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various legal proceedings. We do not presently expect that these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A in our 2018 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Common stock repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2019 were:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 - 31, 2019	203,856	$	83.76	—	—
August 1 - 31, 2019	6,625	76.51		—	—
September 1 - 30, 2019	—	—		—	—
	210,481	$	83.53	—	—

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we withheld 210,481 shares from employees to satisfy estimated statutory income tax obligations related to stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock. The value of the common stock withheld was based on the closing price of our common stock on the applicable exercise or vesting date.

There were no unregistered sales of our equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certification of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	Certification of the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32	Certification of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		OMNICOM GROUP INC.
Date:	October 15, 2019	/s/ PHILIP J. ANGELASTRO
		Philip J. Angelastro Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory)

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