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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
The following tables summarize the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis:
Basis of Fair Value Measurements
on a Recurring Basis
at June 30, 2012

In millions
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Items
(Level 1)

 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 
Counterparty
and Cash
Collateral
Netting (1)

 
Total  

Assets at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interests in trade accounts receivable conduits (2)
$

 
$

 
$
1,220

 
$

 
$
1,220

Equity securities (3)
671

 
33

 

 

 
704

Debt securities: (3)

 

 

 

 
 
Government debt (4)

 
582

 

 

 
582

Corporate bonds

 
777

 

 

 
777

Derivatives relating to: (5)

 

 

 

 
 
Commodities
11

 
14

 

 
(3
)
 
22

Foreign currency

 
41

 

 
(18
)
 
23

Total assets at fair value
$
682

 
$
1,447

 
$
1,220

 
$
(21
)
 
$
3,328

Liabilities at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt (6)
$

 
$
23,308

 
$

 
$

 
$
23,308

Derivatives relating to: (5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rates

 
6

 

 

 
6

Commodities
27

 
17

 

 
(33
)
 
11

Foreign currency

 
46

 

 
(18
)
 
28

Total liabilities at fair value
$
27

 
$
23,377

 
$

 
$
(51
)

$
23,353



Basis of Fair Value Measurements
on a Recurring Basis
at December 31, 2011

In millions
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Items
(Level 1)

 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 
Counterparty
and Cash
Collateral
Netting (1)

 
Total  

Assets at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interests in trade accounts receivable conduits (2)
$

 
$

 
$
1,141

 
$

 
$
1,141

Equity securities (3)
634

 
33

 

 

 
667

Debt securities: (3)

 

 

 

 
 
Government debt (4)

 
618

 

 

 
618

Corporate bonds

 
723

 

 

 
723

Derivatives relating to: (5)

 

 

 

 
 
Commodities
10

 
14

 

 
(8
)
 
16

Foreign currency

 
75

 

 
(44
)
 
31

Total assets at fair value
$
644

 
$
1,463

 
$
1,141

 
$
(52
)
 
$
3,196

Liabilities at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt (6)
$

 
$
23,789

 
$

 
$

 
$
23,789

Derivatives relating to: (5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodities
13

 
7

 

 
(19
)
 
1

Foreign currency

 
61

 

 
(44
)
 
17

Total liabilities at fair value
$
13

 
$
23,857

 
$

 
$
(63
)
 
$
23,807

(1)
Cash collateral is classified as “Accounts and notes receivable – Other” in the consolidated balance sheets. Amounts represent the estimated net settlement amount when applying netting and set-off rights included in master netting arrangements between the Company and its counterparties and the payable or receivable for cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparty.
(2)
Included in “Accounts and notes receivable – Other” in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note J for additional information on transfers of financial assets.
(3)
The Company’s investments in equity and debt securities are primarily classified as available-for-sale and are included in “Other investments” in the consolidated balance sheets.
(4)
U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. agency obligations, agency mortgage-backed securities and other municipalities’ obligations.
(5)
See Note G for the classification of derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets.
(6)
See Note G for information on fair value adjustments to long-term debt, included at cost in the consolidated balance sheets.
Assets and liabilities related to forward contracts, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, options and other conditional or exchange contracts executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement are netted. Collateral accounts are netted with corresponding assets and liabilities. The Company posted cash collateral of $30 million at June 30, 2012 ($11 million at December 31, 2011) classified as “Accounts and notes receivable – Other” in the consolidated balance sheets.
For assets and liabilities classified as Level 1 measurements (measured using quoted prices in active markets), total fair value is either the price of the most recent trade at the time of the market close or the official close price, as defined by the exchange in which the asset is most actively traded on the last trading day of the period, multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs.
For assets and liabilities classified as Level 2 measurements, where the security is frequently traded in less active markets, fair value is based on the closing price at the end of the period; where the security is less frequently traded, fair value is based on the price a dealer would pay for the security or similar securities, adjusted for any terms specific to that asset or liability, or by using observable market data points of similar, more liquid securities to imply the price. Market inputs are obtained from well-established and recognized vendors of market data and subjected to tolerance/quality checks.
For derivative assets and liabilities, standard industry models are used to calculate the fair value of the various financial instruments based on significant observable market inputs, such as foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, swap rates, interest rates and implied volatilities obtained from various market sources. Market inputs are obtained from well-established and recognized vendors of market data and subjected to tolerance/quality checks.
For all other assets and liabilities for which observable inputs are used, fair value is derived through the use of fair value models, such as a discounted cash flow model or other standard pricing models. See Note G for further information on the types of instruments used by the Company for risk management.
There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in the six-month period ended June 30, 2012 or the year ended December 31, 2011.
For assets classified as Level 3 measurements, the fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs including assumptions where there is little, if any, market activity. The fair value of the Company’s interests held in trade receivable conduits is determined by calculating the expected amount of cash to be received using the key input of anticipated credit losses in the portfolio of receivables sold that have not yet been collected. Given the short-term nature of the underlying receivables, discount rate and prepayments are not factors in determining the fair value of the interests. See Note J for further information on assets classified as Level 3 measurements.
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value measurements using Level 3 inputs for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

Fair Value Measurements Using Level 3 Inputs
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
Interests Held in Trade Receivable Conduits (1)
In millions
Jun 30,
2012

 
Jun 30,
2011

 
Jun 30,
2012

 
Jun 30,
2011

Balance at beginning of period
$
1,429

 
$
1,343

 
$
1,141

 
$
1,267

Gain (Loss) included in earnings (2)
1

 
3

 
(2
)
 
(5
)
Purchases
100

 
277

 
2,053

 
1,351

Settlements
(310
)
 
(234
)
 
(1,972
)
 
(1,224
)
Balance at June 30
$
1,220

 
$
1,389

 
$
1,220

 
$
1,389


(1)
Included in “Accounts and notes receivable – Other” in the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of income.

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis
The following table summarizes the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the consolidated balance sheets:

Basis of Fair Value Measurements
on a Nonrecurring Basis
at June 30, 2012
 
Significant
Other
Unobservable
Inputs

 
Total
Losses

In millions
 
(Level 3)

 
2012

Assets at fair value:
 
 
 
 
Long-lived assets and other assets
 
$

 
$
(94
)


As part of the restructuring plan that was approved on March 27, 2012, the Company will shut down a number of manufacturing facilities during the next two years. The manufacturing assets and facilities associated with this plan were written down to zero in the first quarter of 2012 and a $94 million impairment charge was included in "Restructuring charges" in the consolidated statements of income. See Note C for additional information.