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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income of U.S. and Foreign Operations Before Taxes
The table below summarizes income from U.S. and foreign operations before taxes:
202320222021
United States income$1,050.5 $947.9 $924.6 
Foreign income1,227.6 1,325.3 1,288.7 
Equity affiliates' income604.3 481.5 294.1 
Income from continuing operations before taxes$2,882.4 $2,754.7 $2,507.4 
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The table below details the components of our income tax provision:
202320222021
Current Tax Provision
Federal$167.6 $149.1 $85.6 
State41.0 30.1 28.4 
Foreign367.3 289.3 254.8 
Total current tax provision575.9 468.5 368.8 
Deferred Tax (Benefit) Provision
Federal(12.5)15.6 54.7 
State(5.8)(1.9)(0.1)
Foreign(6.4)18.6 39.4 
Total Deferred Tax (Benefit) Provision
(24.7)32.3 94.0 
Total Income Tax Provision
$551.2 $500.8 $462.8 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation A reconciliation of the differences between the United States federal statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is provided below:
(Percent of income before taxes)202320222021
U.S. federal statutory tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit1.0 0.8 0.9 
Income from equity affiliates(3.8)(3.4)(2.5)
Foreign tax differentials0.7 0.7 0.5 
Tax on foreign repatriated earnings0.5 0.7 0.7 
Share-based compensation(0.3)(0.7)(0.7)
Business and asset actions
0.7 0.1 — 
Other(0.7)(1.0)(1.4)
Effective Tax Rate19.1 %18.2 %18.5 %
Equity affiliates’ income, which is primarily presented net of income taxes on our consolidated income statements, favorably impacts our effective tax rate. This impact increased over the years presented primarily due to our phased investment in the JIGPC joint venture. See Note 9, Equity Affiliates, for additional information.
Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
30 September20232022
Gross Deferred Tax Assets
Retirement benefits and compensation accruals$75.2 $77.2 
Tax loss carryforwards141.8 126.3 
Tax credits and other tax carryforwards46.2 39.2 
Reserves and accruals65.2 55.4 
Other81.3 68.3 
Valuation allowance(153.3)(100.1)
Deferred Tax Assets256.4 266.3 
Gross Deferred Tax Liabilities
Plant and equipment1,192.0 1,187.6 
Currency gains20.6 22.5 
Unremitted earnings of foreign entities72.0 72.9 
Partnership and other investments18.6 16.1 
Intangible assets48.5 69.8 
Other11.1 9.1 
Deferred Tax Liabilities1,362.8 1,378.0 
Net Deferred Income Tax Liability$1,106.4 $1,111.7 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included within the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
20232022
Deferred Tax Assets
Other noncurrent assets$159.6 $135.7 
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Deferred income taxes1,266.0 1,247.4 
Net Deferred Income Tax Liability$1,106.4 $1,111.7 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets for Certain Tax Credits
As of 30 September 2023, we had the following deferred tax assets for certain tax credits:
JurisdictionGross Tax AssetExpiration Period
U.S. State$2.0 2024 - 2036
U.S. Federal20.9 2030 - 2033
Credits in Foreign Jurisdictions17.7 2030 - 2041; Indefinite
Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards
As of 30 September 2023, we had the following loss carryforwards:
JurisdictionGross Loss CarryforwardExpiration Period
U.S. State Net Operating Loss$237.1 2024 - 2040
U.S. State Capital Loss35.2 2025 - 2027
U.S. Federal Capital Loss86.3 2025 - 2027
Foreign Net Operating Loss325.9 2024 - 2038; Indefinite
Foreign Capital Loss197.8 Indefinite
Schedule of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes interest and penalties, is as follows:
202320222021
Unrecognized tax benefits balance at beginning of year$103.5 $140.3 $237.0 
Additions for tax positions of the current year10.9 7.4 14.5 
Additions for tax positions of prior years1.2 6.6 3.5 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(6.0)(15.4)(8.2)
Settlements(3.9)(0.6)(3.1)
Statute of limitations expiration(10.6)(25.5)(104.6)
Foreign currency translation1.4 (9.3)1.2 
Unrecognized tax benefits balance at end of year$96.5 $103.5 $140.3 
Schedule of Income Tax Examinations
We generally remain subject to examination in the following major tax jurisdictions for the years indicated below:
Major Tax JurisdictionOpen Tax Years
North America
United States – Federal
2018 - 2023
United States – State
2013 - 2023
Canada
2016 - 2023
Europe
France
2020 - 2023
Netherlands
2018 - 2023
Spain
2017 - 2023
United Kingdom
2020 - 2023
Middle East
Saudi Arabia
2018 - 2023
Asia
China
2011 - 2023
South Korea
2015 - 2023
Taiwan
2018 - 2023
Latin America
Chile
2019 - 2023