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Debt
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt

Note 12. Debt

Debt at December 31, 2018 and 2017 consisted of the following:

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

Borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement

$

59.0

 

 

$

216.0

 

11.25% senior notes due February 1, 2019 (a)

 

172.2

 

 

 

172.2

 

7.625% senior notes due June 15, 2020

 

65.8

 

 

 

238.4

 

7.875% senior notes due March 15, 2021

 

190.4

 

 

 

447.2

 

8.875% debentures due April 15, 2021

 

81.0

 

 

 

80.9

 

7.00% senior notes due February 15, 2022

 

140.0

 

 

 

140.0

 

6.50% senior notes due November 15, 2023

 

290.6

 

 

 

290.6

 

Term Loan Credit Agreement due January 15, 2024 (b)

 

544.7

 

 

 

 

6.00% senior notes due April 1, 2024

 

298.3

 

 

 

298.3

 

6.625% debentures due April 15, 2029

 

157.9

 

 

 

157.9

 

8.820% debentures due April 15, 2031

 

69.0

 

 

 

69.0

 

Other (c)

 

38.9

 

 

 

10.8

 

Unamortized debt issuance costs

 

(16.3

)

 

 

(11.6

)

Total debt

 

2,091.5

 

 

 

2,109.7

 

Less: current portion

 

(216.2

)

 

 

(10.8

)

Long-term debt

$

1,875.3

 

 

$

2,098.9

 

(a)

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the interest rate on the 11.25% senior notes due February 1, 2019 was 13.25%, the maximum amount of these rates as a result of credit ratings downgrades.

(b)

As of December 31, 2018, the interest rate on the Term Loan Credit Agreement due January 15, 2024 was 7.51%.

(c)

Includes miscellaneous debt obligations and capital leases.

The fair values of the senior notes and debentures, which were determined using the market approach based upon interest rates available to us for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, were determined to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our total debt was less than its book value by approximately $14.4 million at December 31, 2018 and greater than its book value by approximately $18.8 million at December 31, 2017.

On February 1, 2019, we retired the $172.2 million 11.25% senior notes using availability under our asset-based revolving credit facility (the “ABL Credit Agreement”).

On October 15, 2018, we entered into a $550.0 million senior secured Term Loan B credit facility pursuant to a credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”). Proceeds from the Term Loan Credit Agreement, net of a $5.5 million discount, were used to repurchase certain senior notes, pay transaction fees and repay a portion of borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement.

Our obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Guarantors and are secured by a security interest in substantially all assets of ours and the Guarantors, including certain material real property, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The ABL Priority Collateral secures our obligations and the obligations of the Guarantors under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and related guarantees on a second-priority basis, and all other collateral other than the ABL Priority Collateral secures our obligations and the obligations of the Guarantors under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and related guarantees on a first-priority basis, in each case, subject to permitted liens.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants including negative covenants restricting, among other things, our ability to incur debt, make investments, make certain restricted payments (including payments on certain other debt and external dividends), incur liens securing other debt, consummate certain fundamental transactions, enter into transactions with affiliates and consummate asset sales. The Term Loan Credit Agreement requires that the net cash proceeds of significant asset sales be used to prepay borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, except in certain circumstances, including the reinvestment of net cash proceeds in assets useful to our business, repayment of borrowings under our ABL Credit Agreement or the funding of debt tenders, in each case, subject to certain restrictions and limitations set forth in the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on January 15, 2024, at which time all amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement will be due and payable. Principal payments of $1.4 million are due quarterly beginning at the end of the first quarter in 2019. Borrowings will bear interest at a Eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 5% or a base rate plus a margin of 4%.

On October 15, 2018, we repurchased $172.6 million and $257.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% senior notes due 2020 and 7.875% senior notes due 2021, respectively, pursuant to a tender offer. We recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $32.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 on the repurchase of the bonds, representing tender premiums paid of $29.0 million, write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.5 million and fees and expenses of $1.8 million.

On September 29, 2017, we entered into the ABL Credit Agreement which amended and restated our prior $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility dated September 30, 2016. The ABL Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility of up to $800.0 million. The amount available to be borrowed under the ABL Credit Agreement is equal to the lesser of (a) $800.0 million and (b) a borrowing base formula based on the amount of accounts receivable, inventory, machinery, equipment and, if we were to so elect in the future subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, fee-owned real estate of ours and our material domestic subsidiaries that are guarantors under the ABL Credit Agreement (the “Guarantors”), subject to certain eligibility criteria and advance rates (collectively, the “Borrowing Base”). The aggregate amount of real estate, machinery and equipment that can be included in the Borrowing Base cannot exceed $200.0 million.

On October 15, 2018, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to the ABL Credit Agreement, which amended the ABL Credit Agreement to, among other things, permit (i) the incurrence of the debt pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement and (ii) the incurrence of a lien on the ABL Priority Collateral to secure our obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and related guarantees on a second-priority basis.

Our obligations under the ABL Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Guarantors and are secured by a security interest in substantially all assets of ours and the Guarantors, including, only to the extent included in the Borrowing Base, real property, in each case subject to certain exceptions and exclusions. The assets of ours and the Guarantors consisting of accounts receivable, inventory, deposit accounts, securities accounts, machinery and equipment and, to the extent related to the foregoing, general intangibles, documents and instruments, as well as 65% of the equity interests of our first-tier foreign subsidiaries (collectively, the “ABL Priority Collateral”), secure our obligations and the obligations of the Guarantors under the ABL Credit Agreement and the related guarantees on a first-priority basis, and all other collateral other than the ABL Priority Collateral secures our obligations and the obligations of the Guarantors under the ABL Credit Agreement on a second-priority basis, in each case, subject to permitted liens.

The ABL Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive covenants, including a covenant which requires us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio under certain circumstances. In addition, our ability to undertake certain actions, including, among other things, prepay certain junior debt, incur additional unsecured indebtedness and make certain restricted payments depends on satisfaction of certain conditions, including, among other things, meeting minimum borrowing availability thresholds under the ABL Credit Agreement. The ABL Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $60.0 million in aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions.

Borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate dependent on the average quarterly availability under the ABL Credit Agreement and is calculated according to a base rate (except in certain circumstances, based on the prime rate) or a Eurocurrency rate (except in certain circumstances, based on London Inter-bank Offered Rate or “LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for base rate loans ranges from 0.25% to 0.50% and the applicable margin for Eurocurrency loans ranges from 1.25% to 1.50%. In addition, a fee is payable quarterly on the unused portion of the amount available to be borrowed under the ABL Credit Agreement. The fee accrues at a rate of either 0.25% or 0.375% depending upon the average usage of the facility.

The ABL Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on September 29, 2022, at which time all outstanding amounts under the ABL Credit Agreement will be due and payable. Borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Based on our borrowing base as of December 31, 2018 and existing borrowings, including a debt maturity reserve for the $172.2 million 11.25% senior notes due February 1, 2019, we had approximately $524.0 million borrowing capacity available under the ABL Credit Agreement.

The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under our current and prior credit facilities was 3.5%, 3.5% and 2.5% for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

On June 7, 2017, we repurchased $41.7 million of the 6.625% debentures due April 15, 2029, $59.4 million of the 6.50% senior notes due November 15, 2023 and $101.7 million of the 6.00% senior notes due April 1, 2024 using borrowings under the prior credit agreement. The repurchases resulted in a net gain of $0.8 million which was recognized within loss on debt extinguishment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to the difference between the fair value of the debt repurchased and the principal outstanding, partially offset by the premiums paid, unamortized debt issuance costs and other expenses.

On May 22, 2017, certain third party financial institutions (such financial institutions collectively, the “Third Party Purchasers”), launched cash tender offers for certain of our outstanding debt securities, including our 7.625% senior notes due June 15, 2020 and 7.875% senior notes due March 15, 2021. On June 7, 2017, the Third Party Purchasers purchased $111.6 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% senior notes due June 15, 2020 (the “Third Party Purchase Notes”). On June 21, 2017, we exchanged 6.1 million of our retained shares of Donnelley Financial for the Third Party Purchase Notes. We cancelled the Third Party Purchase Notes on June 21, 2017. As a result, we recognized a $14.4 million loss on debt extinguishment in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to premiums paid, unamortized debt issuance costs and other expenses. In addition, we recognized a net realized gain of $92.4 million resulting from the disposition of these retained shares of Donnelley Financial common stock within net investment and other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2017.

On August 4, 2017, we disposed of our remaining 0.1 million shares of Donnelley Financial common stock in exchange for $1.9 million in aggregate principal of our 7.875% senior notes due March 15, 2021 which were cancelled. As a result, we recognized a $0.3 million loss on debt extinguishments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2017, related to premiums paid, unamortized debt issuance costs and other expenses. In addition, we recognized a net realized gain of $1.6 million resulting from the disposition of these retained shares of Donnelley Financial common stock within net investment and other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2018, we had $179.8 million in other uncommitted credit facilities, primarily outside the U.S. (the “Other Facilities”). There were $111.2 million in outstanding letters of credit, bank guarantees and bank acceptance drafts which reduced availability, of which $34.2 million were issued under the ABL Credit Agreement. Total borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement and the Other Facilities (the “Combined Facilities”) were $97.3 million and $226.6 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

At December 31, 2018, the future maturities of debt, including capitalized leases, were as follows:

 

 

Amount

 

2019

$

216.3

 

2020

 

71.4

 

2021

 

277.4

 

2022

 

204.5

 

2023

 

294.7

 

2024 and thereafter

 

1,049.4

 

Total (a)

$

2,113.7

 

(a)

Excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $16.3 million and $5.9 million of bond discount which do not represent contractual commitments with a fixed amount or maturity date.

Spinoff Transactions

In connection with the spinoff transactions, we, Donnelley Financial and LSC executed various debt transactions in order to capitalize each company. As these debt transactions were executed in order to successfully complete the spinoff capitalization transactions, we have classified the corporate level debt repurchased, resulting losses on debt extinguishments and all related interest expense as discontinued operations or liabilities held for disposition.

On September 30, 2016, our then wholly-owned subsidiary Donnelley Financial issued senior notes and incurred a senior secured term loan B facility with total aggregate principal of $300.0 million and $350.0 million, respectively. Additionally on September 30, 2016, our then wholly-owned subsidiary LSC issued senior notes and incurred a senior secured term loan B facility with total aggregate principal of $450.0 million and $375.0 million, respectively. All of the related net proceeds were distributed to us or exchanged for debt in connection with the Separation. After the Separation, RRD has no obligations as it relates to these senior notes, senior secured term loan B facilities or any other LSC or Donnelley Financial indebtedness.

Additionally on September 30, 2016, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement providing for $800.0 million in credit facilities, representing a reduction from the prior credit agreement which provided for $1.5 billion in credit facilities. As a result of the reduction in borrowing capacity, we recognized a $1.4 million loss related to unamortized debt issuance costs within loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period ended December 31, 2016.

On August 31, 2016, we and certain third party financial institutions (such financial institutions collectively, the “Third Party Purchasers”), launched cash tender offers for certain of our outstanding debt securities, including the Company’s 6.125% senior notes due January 15, 2017 (the “2017 Notes”), 7.250% senior notes due May 15, 2018 the (“2018 Notes”), 8.250% senior notes due March 15, 2019 (the “2019 Notes”) and 7.000% senior notes due February 15, 2022 (the “2022 Notes”). On September 16, 2016, the Third Party Purchasers purchased $274.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2017 Notes and 2018 Notes (the “Third Party Purchase Notes”). On September 30, 2016, we purchased approximately $503.6 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2017 Notes, the 2018 Notes, the 2019 Notes and the 2022 Notes (the “Company Purchase Notes”), and exchanged $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Donnelley Financial senior notes for the Third Party Purchase Notes. We cancelled the Third Party Purchase Notes and Company Purchase Notes on September 30, 2016. As a result, we recognized an $85.3 million loss on debt extinguishments within loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the period ending December 31, 2016 related to premiums and other related transaction costs.

On October 6, 2016, we redeemed the outstanding $45.8 million principal amount of the 2018 Notes and the outstanding $21.3 principal amount of the 2019 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. Additionally, we redeemed the outstanding $155.2 million aggregate principal of the 2017 Notes on November 2, 2016. As a result, we recognized an additional $10.8 million loss on debt extinguishments within loss from discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2016.

Interest expense

The following table summarizes interest expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Interest incurred

$

173.8

 

 

$

185.0

 

 

$

206.1

 

Less: interest income

 

4.2

 

 

 

2.8

 

 

 

4.6

 

Less: interest capitalized as property, plant and equipment

 

1.3

 

 

 

2.6

 

 

 

2.8

 

Interest expense, net

$

168.3

 

 

$

179.6

 

 

$

198.7

 

Interest paid, net of interest capitalized, was $171.7 million, $177.6 million and $280.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.