rrd-10q_20180930.htm

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	247.0		$	273.4
Receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $32.8 in 2018 (2017 - $32.4)		1,359.5			1,417.6
Inventories (Note 3)		361.8			416.8
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		176.9			109.1
Total current assets		2,145.2			2,216.9
Property, plant and equipment-net (Note 4)		545.7			615.1
Goodwill (Note 5)		554.3			588.5
Other intangible assets-net (Note 5)		120.2			143.3
Deferred income taxes		66.1			81.7
Other noncurrent assets		266.5			259.0
Total assets	$	3,698.0		$	3,904.5
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	897.6		$	1,094.7
Accrued liabilities and other		390.5			447.5
Short-term and current portion of long-term debt (Note 14)		222.0			10.8
Total current liabilities		1,510.1			1,553.0
Long-term debt (Note 14)		1,955.3			2,098.9
Pension liabilities		83.1			102.7
Other postretirement benefits plan liabilities		97.2			113.2
Long-term income tax liability		69.7			59.4
Other noncurrent liabilities		202.1			180.2
Total liabilities		3,917.5			4,107.4
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)
EQUITY (Note 9)
RRD stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value
Authorized: 2.0 shares; Issued: None		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value
Authorized: 165.0 shares;
Issued: 89.0 shares in 2018 and 2017		0.9			0.9
Additional paid-in-capital		3,412.3			3,444.0
Accumulated deficit		(2,200.8	)		(2,225.7	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(150.5	)		(103.7	)
Treasury stock, at cost, 18.6 shares in 2018 (2017 - 18.9 shares)		(1,295.8	)		(1,333.1	)
Total RRD stockholders' equity		(233.9	)		(217.6	)
Noncontrolling interests		14.4			14.7
Total equity		(219.5	)		(202.9	)
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,698.0		$	3,904.5

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Products net sales	$	1,329.8		$	1,322.0		$	3,881.6		$	3,830.9
Services net sales		319.7			412.9			1,155.2			1,182.9
Total net sales		1,649.5			1,734.9			5,036.8			5,013.8

Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		1,076.8			1,064.9			3,167.7			3,068.3
Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		257.3			346.5			968.4			993.2
Total cost of sales		1,334.1			1,411.4			4,136.1			4,061.5

Products gross profit		253.0			257.1			713.9			762.6
Services gross profit		62.4			66.4			186.8			189.7
Total gross profit		315.4			323.5			900.7			952.3
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		203.8			210.9			626.4			653.0
Restructuring and other-net (Note 6)		11.0			33.8			22.8			46.7
Depreciation and amortization		44.2			47.0			137.5			143.1
Other operating income		(4.5	)		—			(4.6	)		—
Income from operations		60.9			31.8			118.6			109.5
Interest expense-net		42.0			43.5			125.7			137.3
Investment and other income-net		(5.5	)		(6.9	)		(14.7	)		(59.6	)
Loss on debt extinguishment		—			6.5			0.1			20.1
Income (loss) before income taxes		24.4			(11.3	)		7.5			11.7
Income tax benefit		(10.4	)		(3.5	)		(5.4	)		(7.4	)
Net income (loss)		34.8			(7.8	)		12.9			19.1
Less: Income attributable to noncontrolling interests		0.5			0.2			1.2			0.7
Net income (loss) attributable to RRD common stockholders	$	34.3		$	(8.0	)	$	11.7		$	18.4

Net income (loss) per share attributable to RRD common stockholders (Note 10):
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.49		$	(0.11	)	$	0.17		$	0.26
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.49		$	(0.11	)	$	0.17		$	0.26

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.03		$	0.14		$	0.31		$	0.42

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		70.6			70.2			70.5			70.1
Diluted		70.7			70.2			70.8			70.3

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income (loss)	$	34.8		$	(7.8	)	$	12.9		$	19.1

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (Note 11):
Translation adjustments		(8.4	)		17.7			(31.1	)		46.8
Adjustment for net periodic pension and postretirement benefits plan cost		1.6			0.7			5.9			2.1
Adjustment for available-for-sale securities		—			(1.8	)		—			(119.3	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(6.8	)		16.6			(25.2	)		(70.4	)
Comprehensive income (loss)		28.0			8.8			(12.3	)		(51.3	)
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		0.1			0.3			0.7			1.1
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to RRD common stockholders	$	27.9		$	8.5		$	(13.0	)	$	(52.4	)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	12.9		$	19.1
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Impairment charges and other-net		3.4			21.8
Depreciation and amortization		137.5			143.1
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable		10.6			1.7
Share-based compensation		6.4			6.4
Deferred income taxes		7.3			(10.1	)
Changes in uncertain tax positions		(0.4	)		0.7
Gain on investments and other assets-net		(13.8	)		(2.8	)
Loss on debt extinguishments		0.1			20.1
Net pension and other postretirement benefits plan income		(15.9	)		(11.0	)
Realized gain on disposition of available-for-sale securities-net		—			(42.4	)
Other		4.8			14.7
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable-net		(5.7	)		(26.3	)
Inventories		(16.6	)		(62.5	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(5.9	)		(6.3	)
Accounts payable		(150.7	)		(18.9	)
Income taxes payable and receivable		(26.7	)		(11.4	)
Accrued liabilities and other		2.3			(26.7	)
Pension and other postretirement benefits plan contributions		(13.5	)		(12.4	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(63.9	)		(3.2	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures		(72.7	)		(77.2	)
Proceeds from sales of investments and other assets		49.9			127.6
Payments related to company-owned life insurance		(1.8	)		(7.5	)
Proceeds from disposal of business		50.5			—
Net cash provided by investing activities		25.9			42.9
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from other short-term debt		56.5			23.1
Payments on other short-term debt		(12.2	)		(12.9	)
Payments of current maturities and long-term debt		(0.2	)		(200.9	)
Proceeds from credit facility borrowings		975.1			1,165.0
Payments on credit facility borrowings		(949.1	)		(1,000.0	)
Dividends paid		(21.8	)		(29.4	)
Transfer of cash and cash equivalents to LSC and Donnelley Financial		—			(78.0	)
Payments of withholding taxes on share-based compensation		(0.7	)		(1.9	)
Other financing activities		(0.9	)		(6.0	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		46.7			(141.0	)
Effect of exchange rate on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(14.0	)		13.2
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(5.3	)		(88.1	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year		301.5			335.9
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	296.2		$	247.8

SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH DISCLOSURE:
Debt-for-equity exchange	$	—		$	132.9

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company and its subsidiaries (“RRD,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include estimates and assumptions of management that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

On October 1, 2016, we completed the separation of our financial communications and data services business (“Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc.” or “Donnelley Financial”) and our publishing and retail-centric print services and office products business (“LSC Communications, Inc.” or “LSC”) into two separate publicly-traded companies (the “Separation”). We completed the tax-free distribution of approximately 26.2 million shares, or 80.75%, of the outstanding common stock of each of Donnelley Financial and LSC, to RRD stockholders (the “Distribution”). The Distribution was made to RRD stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 23, 2016, who received one share of Donnelley Financial common stock and one share of LSC common stock for every eight shares of RRD common stock held as of the record date. Immediately following the Distribution, we held approximately 6.2 million shares of Donnelley Financial common stock and approximately 6.2 million shares of LSC common stock.

In March 2017, we sold all of the approximately 6.2 million shares of LSC common stock retained by us and used the proceeds to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our then-existing credit facility. In June 2017 and August 2017, we exchanged all of the approximately 6.2 million shares of Donnelley Financial common stock for certain of our outstanding senior indebtedness, which obligations were subsequently cancelled and discharged upon delivery to us.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

The effective income tax rate was a benefit of 42.6% and 31.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and a benefit of 72.0% and 63.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is primarily driven by an adjustment to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act, the inability to recognize a tax benefit on certain losses, and the release of a portion of our valuation allowance due to the gain on the sale of our Print Logistics business. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 reflects the impact of the $94.0 million non-taxable gain on the exchange of Donnelley Financial retained shares, the $51.6 million realized loss on the sale of LSC retained shares and the impact of the impairment of goodwill in the Marketing Solutions segment. The sale of the LSC shares generated a capital loss which is being carried forward; however, it was determined at the time of the sale that the benefit of such deferred tax asset would not be fully realized and a valuation allowance was recorded. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 reflects the impact of the impairment of goodwill in the Marketing Solutions segment and the inability to recognize a tax benefit on certain losses.

Cash payments for income taxes were $28.4 million and $34.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Cash refunds for income taxes were $14.0 million and $20.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Included within Prepaid expenses and other current assets is income taxes receivable of $63.8 million and $23.9 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (SAB 118) which provides guidance for companies analyzing their accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides that a company may report provisional amounts based on reasonable estimates. The provisional estimates are then subject to adjustment during a measurement period up to one year and should be accounted for as a prospective change. At December 31, 2017, we were able to make reasonable provisional estimates of the one-time transition tax and impact to deferred taxes; however, we continue to analyze our data and refine our estimated amounts accordingly, and continue to interpret any guidance or subsequent clarification of the tax law. As a result, we may make adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded, throughout the year, in accordance with the guidance outlined in SAB 118. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we made an adjustment of $19.6 million to decrease the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017, including a $19.0 million decrease related to the one-time transition tax and a $0.6 million decrease related to the change in Federal income tax rate. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our adjustments net to a decrease of $17.3 million to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017.

Deferred U.S. income taxes and foreign taxes have historically not been provided on the excess of the investment value for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in those foreign subsidiaries for which such excess is considered to be permanently reinvested in those operations. We continue to analyze the global working capital and cash requirements and the potential tax liabilities attributable to repatriation, but we have yet to determine whether to change the prior assertion and repatriate earnings. We will record the tax effects of any change in the prior assertion in the period the analysis is complete and reasonable estimates are made.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under Topic 605. All revenue recognized in the Condensed Statements of Operations is considered to be revenue from contracts with clients.

We recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $12.9 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, with the impact primarily related to the timing of revenue recognition for certain inventory that has been billed but not yet shipped.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Products
Commercial print	$	496.4	$	510.5	$	1,421.3	$	1,495.9
Packaging		179.7		150.9		474.0		377.5
Direct mail		142.7		139.5		424.1		392.0
Statements		133.5		142.1		436.4		439.8
Labels		118.8		118.3		355.5		343.5
Digital print and fulfillment		113.5		115.2		332.6		342.7
Supply chain management		81.5		76.8		242.2		226.1
Forms		63.7		68.7		195.5		213.4
Total products net sales	$	1,329.8	$	1,322.0	$	3,881.6	$	3,830.9
Services
Logistics	$	229.1	$	314.2	$	880.3	$	904.4
Business process outsourcing		60.5		59.1		183.1		165.1
Digital and creative solutions		29.4		37.7		88.4		108.2
Direct mail		0.7		1.9		3.4		5.2
Total services net sales	$	319.7	$	412.9	$	1,155.2	$	1,182.9
Total net sales	$	1,649.5	$	1,734.9	$	5,036.8	$	5,013.8

Our products revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. We generally recognize revenue for products upon the transfer of control of the products to the client which typically occurs upon transfer of title and risk of ownership, which is generally upon shipment to the client. For certain products, we are able to recognize revenue for completed inventory billed but not yet shipped at the client’s direction.

We generate revenue by providing various commercial printing products and offer a full range of branded materials including manuals, publications, brochures, business cards, flyers, post cards, posters and promotional items.

We generate revenue by providing packaging print for clients in consumer electronics, life sciences, cosmetics and consumer packaged goods industries.

We generate revenue by creating critical business communications, including customer billings, financial statements, healthcare communications and insurance documents. Our capabilities include design and composition, variable imaging, email, archival and digital mail interaction, as well as our innovative RRDigital solution set.

We generate revenue by providing print production, including touch mailings, and postal optimization strategies.

We generate revenue by producing custom labels for clients across multiple industries including warehouse and distribution, retail, pharmaceutical, manufacturing and consumer packaging. We offer distribution and shipping labels, healthcare and durable goods labels, promotional labels and consumer product goods packaging labels.

We generate revenue by providing various in-store marketing materials, using our digital and offset printing capabilities, including in-store signage and point-of-purchase displays. We also create photobooks.

We generate revenue by providing workflow design to assembly, configuration, kitting and fulfillment for clients in consumer electronics, telecommunications, life sciences, cosmetics, education and industrial industries.

We generate revenue by producing a variety of forms including invoices, order forms and business forms that support both the private and public sectors for clients in financial, government, retail, healthcare and business services industries.

Our services revenue is recognized both at a point in time as well as over time. Our logistics revenue is primarily recognized over time as the performance obligation is completed. Due to the short transit period of logistics performance obligations, the timing of revenue recognition does not require significant judgment. Our business process outsourcing and digital and creative solutions revenue is recognized over time or at a point in time, depending on the nature of the service which could be either recurring or project-based.

We generate revenue by providing specialized transportation and distribution services. These services are comprised of freight services, including truckload, less-than-truckload, intermodal and international freight forwarding; international mail and parcel distribution; and courier services including same day and next day delivery. As discussed in Note 16, Disposition, we sold our Print Logistics business on July 2, 2018. Print Logistics services included the distribution of retail and newsstand printed materials.

We generate revenue by providing outsourcing services including creative services, research and analytics, financial management and other services for legal providers, insurance, telecommunications, utilities, retail and financial services companies.

We generate revenue by creating and managing content designed to speak directly to customers, including print and digital advertising, direct marketing and direct mail design, packaging design, marketing and sales collateral and in-store marketing.

Certain clients may receive volume-based rebates or early payment discounts, which are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be earned by our clients and reduce revenue accordingly. We do not expect significant changes to estimates of variable consideration. Given the nature of our products and the history of returns, product returns are not significant.

The following table provides information about contract assets and liabilities from contracts with clients:

Contract liabilities primarily relate to client advances received prior to completion of performance obligations. Reductions in contract liabilities are a result of our completion of performance obligations.

Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period was approximately $22.8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we reclassified $4.0 million of contract assets to receivables as a result of the completion of the performance obligation and the right to the consideration becoming unconditional.

As part of the adoption of Topic 606, we have elected practical expedients and exemptions allowable under the guidance.

We account for shipping and handling activities performed after the control of a good has been transferred to the client as a fulfillment cost. We accrue for the costs of shipping and handling activities if revenue is recognized before contractually agreed shipping and handling activities occur.

We apply Topic 606 to a portfolio of contracts (or performance obligations) with similar characteristics as we reasonably expect that the effects on the financial statements of applying this guidance to the portfolio would not differ significantly from applying this guidance to the individual contracts (or performance obligations) within that portfolio.

When the output method for measure of progress is determined appropriate, we recognize revenue in the amount for which we have the right to invoice for revenue that is recognized over time and for which we can demonstrate that the invoiced amount corresponds directly with the value to the client for the performance completed to date.

We generally expense sales commissions and other costs to obtain a contract when incurred, because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses.

We exclude sales taxes and other similar taxes from the measurement of the transaction price. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations, nor do we disclose the timing of revenue recognition for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

The components of inventories, net of excess and obsolescence reserves for raw materials and finished goods, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

The components of property, plant and equipment at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, depreciation expense was $30.9 million and $96.5 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, depreciation expense was $34.6 million and $105.2 million, respectively.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, we entered into an agreement to sell a building and transfer the related land use rights to a third party for a facility in an international location. During the three months ended December 31, 2017 and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we received non-refundable deposits in accordance with the terms of the agreement of approximately $12.5 million and $32.1 million, respectively, which are recorded in Other noncurrent liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additional deposits will be paid to us in accordance with the agreement. Gross proceeds, including deposits, from the sale are expected to be approximately $250.0 million and we expect the transaction to close in 2020 following receipt of government approvals and satisfaction of closing conditions. Final cash proceeds are subject to foreign currency changes. As of September 30, 2018, we continue to classify the carrying cost of the building within property, plant and equipment and record depreciation expense. The carrying cost of the land use rights are classified in Other noncurrent assets and we continue to record amortization expense. The combined carrying cost of the building and land use rights is not significant.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows:

	Business Services			Marketing Solutions			Total
Net book value as of December 31, 2017
Goodwill	$	2,759.8		$	519.5		$	3,279.3
Accumulated impairment losses		(2,436.7	)		(254.1	)		(2,690.8	)
Total		323.1			265.4			588.5
Disposition		(32.4	)		—			(32.4	)
Foreign exchange		(1.8	)		—			(1.8	)

Net book value as of September 30, 2018
Goodwill		2,631.7			519.5			3,151.2
Accumulated impairment losses		(2,342.8	)		(254.1	)		(2,596.9	)
Total	$	288.9		$	265.4		$	554.3

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 we reduced goodwill by $32.4 million for the disposition of our Print Logistics business. See Note 16, Disposition, for further discussion.

The components of other intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

	September 30, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Gross							Gross
	Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book		Carrying		Accumulated			Net Book
	Amount		Amortization			Value		Amount		Amortization			Value

Client relationships	$	524.2	$	(423.2	)	$	101.0	$	534.1	$	(412.4	)	$	121.7
Patents		2.0		(2.0	)		—		2.0		(2.0	)		—
Trademarks, licenses and agreements		25.7		(25.1	)		0.6		26.2		(25.2	)		1.0
Trade names		34.7		(16.1	)		18.6		36.8		(16.2	)		20.6
Total other intangible assets	$	586.6	$	(466.4	)	$	120.2	$	599.1	$	(455.8	)	$	143.3

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $6.8 million and $20.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $7.1 million and $21.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded the following net restructuring and other expenses:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring				Multi-Employer Pension Plan
	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Other		Charges		Total
Business Services	$	2.7	$	3.6	$	6.3	$	0.4	$	0.4	$	7.1
Marketing Solutions		0.1		—		0.1		—		0.1		0.2
Corporate		—		3.0		3.0		0.7		—		3.7
Total	$	2.8	$	6.6	$	9.4	$	1.1	$	0.5	$	11.0

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2017
	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring				Multi-Employer Pension Plan
	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Other		Charges		Total
Business Services	$	4.2	$	0.9	$	5.1	$	0.2	$	0.4	$	5.7
Marketing Solutions		1.4		—		1.4		21.3		0.1		22.8
Corporate		5.1		0.2		5.3		—		—		5.3
Total	$	10.7	$	1.1	$	11.8	$	21.5	$	0.5	$	33.8

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded the following net restructuring and other expenses:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring					Multi-Employer Pension Plan
	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Other			Charges		Total
Business Services	$	8.8	$	5.7	$	14.5	$	(4.3	)	$	1.4	$	11.6
Marketing Solutions		1.9		—		1.9		1.5			0.3		3.7
Corporate		0.5		6.3		6.8		0.7			—		7.5
Total	$	11.2	$	12.0	$	23.2	$	(2.1	)	$	1.7	$	22.8

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017
	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring					Multi-Employer Pension Plan
	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Other			Charges		Total
Business Services	$	9.6	$	3.1	$	12.7	$	(0.1	)	$	1.4	$	14.0
Marketing Solutions		2.6		0.3		2.9		21.8			0.3		25.0
Corporate		7.3		0.4		7.7		—			—		7.7
Total	$	19.5	$	3.8	$	23.3	$	21.7		$	1.7	$	46.7

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded net restructuring charges of $2.8 million and $11.2 million, respectively, for employee termination costs. These charges primarily relate to the reorganization of selling, general and administrative functions across each segment and three announced facility closures in the Business Services segment. We also incurred lease termination and other restructuring charges of $6.6 million and $12.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, we recorded a $5.4 million net gain on the sale of previously impaired assets in the Business Services segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The majority of these assets were previously impaired in 2015. We also recorded impairment charges related to facility closures of $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded net restructuring charges of $10.7 million and $19.5 million, respectively, for employee termination costs. These charges primarily related to the reorganization of selling, general and administrative functions across each segment, ceasing our relationship in a joint venture within the Business Services segment and a facility closure in the Marketing Solutions segment. We also incurred lease termination and other restructuring charges of $1.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Additionally, we recorded net impairment charges of $21.5 million and $21.7 million, respectively, for three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily related to the $21.3 million impairment of goodwill in the Marketing Solutions segment. The remaining impairment charges recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were primarily due to the impairment of equipment associated with the facility closure in the Marketing Solutions segment.

For both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded charges of $0.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively, for MEPP withdrawal obligations unrelated to facility closures. The total liabilities for the withdrawal obligations associated with our decision to withdraw from all multi-employer pension plans included in Accrued liabilities and other and Other noncurrent liabilities are $5.1 million and $29.6 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2018.

Restructuring reserves as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, were as follows:

					Foreign
	December 31,		Restructuring		Exchange and			Cash			September 30,
	2017		Charges		Other			Paid			2018
Employee terminations	$	9.6	$	11.2	$	(0.5	)	$	(14.2	)	$	6.1
MEPP withdrawal obligations related to facility closures		11.0		0.5		—			(1.1	)		10.4
Lease terminations and other		2.9		11.5		1.3			(8.9	)		6.8
Total	$	23.5	$	23.2	$	0.8		$	(24.2	)	$	23.3

The current portion of restructuring reserves of $10.8 million at September 30, 2018 was included in Accrued liabilities and other, while the long-term portion of $12.5 million, primarily related to MEPP withdrawal obligations related to facility closures, employee terminations in litigation, environmental reserves and lease termination costs, was included in Other noncurrent liabilities at September 30, 2018.

We anticipate that payments associated with the employee terminations reflected in the above table will be substantially completed by September 2019, excluding employee terminations in litigation.

Payments on all of our MEPP withdrawal obligations are scheduled to be substantially completed by 2034. Changes based on uncertainties in these estimated withdrawal obligations could affect the ultimate charges related to MEPP withdrawals.

The restructuring liabilities classified as “lease terminations and other” consisted of lease terminations, other facility closing costs and contract termination costs. Payments on certain of the lease obligations are scheduled to continue until 2020. Market conditions and our ability to sublease these properties could affect the ultimate charges related to the lease obligations. Any potential recoveries or additional charges could affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements.

Components of net pension and other postretirement benefits plan (“OPEB”) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Pension expense (income):
Service cost	$	0.1		$	0.1		$	0.5		$	0.5
Interest cost		7.7			8.0			23.4			23.7
Expected return on plan assets		(12.4	)		(12.7	)		(37.6	)		(37.6	)
Amortization, net		2.0			1.9			5.9			5.4
Settlements		0.2			—			1.5			—
Net pension income	$	(2.4	)	$	(2.7	)	$	(6.3	)	$	(8.0	)

OPEB expense (income):
Service cost	$	(0.3	)	$	0.4		$	0.5		$	1.0
Interest cost		2.5			2.7			7.7			8.3
Expected return on plan assets		(3.5	)		(3.4	)		(10.5	)		(10.1	)
Amortization, net		(0.8	)		(0.7	)		(2.2	)		(2.2	)
Other		(5.1	)		—			(5.1	)		—
Net other postretirement benefit income	$	(7.2	)	$	(1.0	)	$	(9.6	)	$	(3.0	)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we contributed $13.5 million to our retirement plans.

Other OPEB income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflects the change in one of our OPEB liabilities due to a revision to participant demographic data utilized in the actuarial valuations.

We adopted ASU No. 2017-07 “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”, with retrospective adoption, during the first quarter of 2018. In accordance with Topic 715, benefit service cost is recorded in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses. The other components, which include interest cost, expected return on plan assets, net amortization and settlements, are recorded in Investment and other income-net within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Previously, all pension and postretirement benefits expense (income) was recorded in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses. See Note 17, New Accounting Pronouncements, for further discussion and impact of adoption.

Share-based compensation expense totaled $2.2 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $6.4 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

In March 2018, we awarded our annual share-based compensation grants, which consisted of 683,076 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $6.10 per unit and 683,076 performance share units also with a grant date fair value of $6.10 per unit. The restricted stock units are subject to a three year graded vesting period and the performance share units are subject to a 34 month cliff vesting period. Dividends are not paid on restricted stock units.

In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we granted 813,361 cash-settled stock units (“phantom stock units”). Our share price on the date of grant was $7.31. The phantom stock units vest and are payable in three equal installments over a period of three years after the grant date. Phantom stock units are not shares of our common stock and therefore the recipients of these awards do not receive ownership interest in the Company or stockholder voting rights. Phantom stock unit awards are subject to forfeiture upon termination of employment prior to vesting, subject in some cases to early vesting upon specified events, including death or permanent disability of the grantee, termination of the grantee’s employment under certain circumstances or a change in control of the Company. All phantom stock unit awards are classified as liability awards due to their expected settlement in cash, and are included in Accrued liabilities and other in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Compensation expense for these awards is measured based upon the fair value of the awards at the end of each reporting period. Dividends are not paid on phantom stock units.

Our equity as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, were as follows:

	RRD
	Stockholders'			Noncontrolling
	Equity			Interest			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(217.6	)	$	14.7		$	(202.9	)
Cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, net of tax		12.9			—			12.9
Net income		11.7			1.2			12.9
Other comprehensive loss		(24.7	)		(0.5	)		(25.2	)
Share-based compensation		6.4			—			6.4
Issuance of share-based awards, net of withholdings and other		(0.8	)		—			(0.8	)
Cash dividends paid		(21.8	)		—			(21.8	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—			(1.0	)		(1.0	)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(233.9	)	$	14.4		$	(219.5	)

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to RRD common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In computing diluted earnings per share, basic earnings per share is adjusted for the assumed issuance of all potentially dilutive share-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and performance share units. Performance share units are excluded if the performance targets upon which the issuance of the shares is contingent have not been achieved and the respective performance period has not been completed as of the end of the current period. Additionally, stock options are considered anti-dilutive when the exercise price exceeds the average market value of our stock price during the applicable period. In periods when we are in a net loss, share-based awards are excluded from the calculation of earnings per share as their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no shares of common stock were purchased by us; however, shares were withheld for tax liabilities upon the vesting of equity awards.

The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation and the anti-dilutive share-based awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2018		2017				2018		2017
Net income (loss) per share attributable to RRD common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.49	$	(0.11	)	$	0.17	$	0.26
Diluted	$	0.49	$	(0.11	)	$	0.17	$	0.26

Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to RRD common stockholders	$	34.3	$	(8.0	)	$	11.7	$	18.4

Denominator:
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding		70.6		70.2			70.5		70.1
Dilutive options and awards		0.1		—			0.3		0.2
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding		70.7		70.2			70.8		70.3

Weighted average number of anti-dilutive share-based awards:
Stock options		0.7		1.3			0.9		1.0
Restricted stock units		0.5		1.1			0.6		0.7
Total		1.2		2.4			1.5		1.7

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.03	$	0.14		$	0.31	$	0.42

The components of other comprehensive (loss) income and income tax expense (benefit) allocated to each component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018								September 30, 2018
	Before					Net of			Before					Net of
	Tax			Income		Tax			Tax			Income		Tax
	Amount			Tax		Amount			Amount			Tax		Amount
Translation adjustments	$	(8.4	)	$	—	$	(8.4	)	$	(31.1	)	$	—	$	(31.1	)
Adjustment for net periodic pension and OPEB cost		2.1			0.5		1.6			7.9			2.0		5.9
Other comprehensive loss	$	(6.3	)	$	0.5	$	(6.8	)	$	(23.2	)	$	2.0	$	(25.2	)

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017								September 30, 2017
	Before					Net of			Before						Net of
	Tax			Income		Tax			Tax			Income			Tax
	Amount			Tax		Amount			Amount			Tax			Amount
Translation adjustments	$	17.7		$	—	$	17.7		$	46.8		$	—		$	46.8
Adjustment for net periodic pension and OPEB cost		1.2			0.5		0.7			3.2			1.1			2.1
Adjustments for available-for-sale securities		(1.8	)		—		(1.8	)		(122.3	)		(3.0	)		(119.3	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	17.1		$	0.5	$	16.6		$	(72.3	)	$	(1.9	)	$	(70.4	)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component as of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, were as follows:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component as of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were as follows:

Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Classification in the Condensed
	2018			2017			2018			2017			Consolidated Statements of Operations
Translation Adjustments:
Net realized loss, before tax	$	—		$	2.8		$	—		$	2.8		Selling, general and administrative expenses
Reclassification, net of tax	$	—		$	2.8		$	—		$	2.8

Amortization of pension and OPEB cost:
Net actuarial loss	$	2.0		$	1.9		$	5.9		$	5.4		Investment and other income-net
Net prior service credit		(0.8	)		(0.7	)		(2.2	)		(2.2	)	Investment and other income-net
Settlements		0.2			—			1.5			—		Investment and other income-net
Reclassifications before tax		1.4			1.2			5.2			3.2
Income tax benefit		0.4			0.5			1.1			1.1
Reclassification, net of tax	$	1.0		$	0.7		$	4.1		$	2.1

Available-for-sale securities:
Net realized gain on equity securities, before tax	$	—		$	(1.8	)	$	—		$	(52.8	)	Investment and other income-net
Income tax benefit		—			—			—			18.0
Reclassification, net of tax		—			(1.8	)		—			(70.8	)
Total reclassifications, net of tax	$	1.0		$	1.7		$	4.1		$	(65.9	)

During the first quarter of 2018, we realigned our reportable segments to reflect changes in our global operating structure and the manner in which the chief operating decision maker assesses information for decision-making purposes. All prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to our current reporting structure.

Business Services provides customized solutions at scale to help clients inform, service and transact with their customers. The segment’s primary product and service offerings include commercial print, logistics, statement printing, labels, packaging, supply chain management, forms and business process outsourcing. This segment also includes all of our operations in Asia, Europe, Canada and Latin America.

Marketing Solutions leverages an integrated portfolio of data analytics, creative services and multichannel execution to deliver comprehensive, end-to-end solutions. The segment’s primary product and service offerings include direct mail, in-store marketing, digital print, kitting, fulfillment, digital and creative solutions and list services.

Corporate consists of unallocated selling, general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, communications, certain facility costs and last-in-first-out inventory provisions. In addition, certain costs and earnings of employee benefit plans, such as pension and OPEB expense (income) and share-based compensation, are included in Corporate and not allocated to the operating segments. Corporate also manages our cash pooling structures, which enables participating international locations to draw on our international cash resources to meet local liquidity needs.

We have disclosed income (loss) from operations as the primary measure of segment earnings (loss). This is the measure of profitability used by our chief operating decision-maker and is most consistent with the presentation of profitability reported within the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
															Assets of
								Income (Loss)			Depreciation				Operations
	Total		Intersegment			Net		from			and		Capital		As of
	Sales		Sales			Sales		Operations			Amortization		Expenditures		September 30, 2018
Business Services	$	1,385.7	$	(22.5	)	$	1,363.2	$	74.8		$	31.5	$	14.6	$	2,784.3
Marketing Solutions		295.6		(9.3	)		286.3		11.8			11.7		2.7		678.1
Total operating segments		1,681.3		(31.8	)		1,649.5		86.6			43.2		17.3		3,462.4
Corporate		—		—			—		(25.7	)		1.0		7.4		235.6
Total operations	$	1,681.3	$	(31.8	)	$	1,649.5	$	60.9		$	44.2	$	24.7	$	3,698.0

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2017
															Assets of
								Income (Loss)			Depreciation				Operations
	Total		Intersegment			Net		from			and		Capital		As of
	Sales		Sales			Sales		Operations			Amortization		Expenditures		December 31, 2017
Business Services	$	1,471.5	$	(30.9	)	$	1,440.6	$	51.0		$	35.0	$	16.3	$	2,989.5
Marketing Solutions		303.7		(9.4	)		294.3		(6.9	)		11.0		1.7		717.0
Total operating segments		1,775.2		(40.3	)		1,734.9		44.1			46.0		18.0		3,706.5
Corporate		—		—			—		(12.3	)		1.0		5.0		198.0
Total operations	$	1,775.2	$	(40.3	)	$	1,734.9	$	31.8		$	47.0	$	23.0	$	3,904.5

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
								Income (Loss)			Depreciation
	Total		Intersegment			Net		from			and		Capital
	Sales		Sales			Sales		Operations			Amortization		Expenditures
Business Services	$	4,265.4	$	(77.1	)	$	4,188.3	$	152.9		$	98.7	$	51.6
Marketing Solutions		876.2		(27.7	)		848.5		32.7			35.3		8.1
Total operating segments		5,141.6		(104.8	)		5,036.8		185.6			134.0		59.7
Corporate		—		—			—		(67.0	)		3.5		13.0
Total operations	$	5,141.6	$	(104.8	)	$	5,036.8	$	118.6		$	137.5	$	72.7

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017
								Income (Loss)			Depreciation
	Total		Intersegment			Net		from			and		Capital
	Sales		Sales			Sales		Operations			Amortization		Expenditures
Business Services	$	4,257.6	$	(91.9	)	$	4,165.7	$	152.8		$	105.0	$	50.7
Marketing Solutions		874.6		(26.5	)		848.1		5.4			34.9		11.4
Total operating segments		5,132.2		(118.4	)		5,013.8		158.2			139.9		62.1
Corporate		—		—			—		(48.7	)		3.2		15.1
Total operations	$	5,132.2	$	(118.4	)	$	5,013.8	$	109.5		$	143.1	$	77.2

Restructuring and other expenses by segment are described in Note 6, Restructuring and Other.

We are subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. We provide for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are adjusted as new information develops or circumstances change and are generally not discounted. We have been designated as a potentially responsible party or have received claims in two active federal and state Superfund and other multiparty remediation sites. In addition to these sites, we may also have the obligation to remediate six other previously and currently owned facilities. At the Superfund sites, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act provides that our liability could be joint and several, meaning that we could be required to pay an amount in excess of our proportionate share of the remediation costs.

Our understanding of the financial strength of other potentially responsible parties at the multiparty sites and of other liable parties at the previously owned facilities has been considered, where appropriate, in the determination of our estimated liability. We believe that our recorded reserves, recorded in Accrued liabilities and other and Other noncurrent liabilities, are adequate to cover our share of the potential costs of remediation at each of the multiparty sites and the previously and currently owned facilities. It is not possible to quantify with certainty the potential impact of actions regarding environmental matters, particularly remediation and other compliance efforts that we may undertake in the future. However, in our opinion, compliance with the present environmental protection laws, before taking into account estimated recoveries from third parties, will not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

From time to time, our clients and others file voluntary petitions for reorganization under United States bankruptcy laws. In such cases, certain pre-petition payments received by us from these parties could be considered preference items and subject to return. In addition, we may be party to certain litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the final resolution of these preference items and litigation will not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement	$	242.0		$	216.0
11.25% senior notes due February 1, 2019 ^(a)		172.2			172.2
7.625% senior notes due June 15, 2020		238.4			238.4
7.875% senior notes due March 15, 2021		447.4			447.2
8.875% debentures due April 15, 2021		81.0			80.9
7.00% senior notes due February 15, 2022		140.0			140.0
6.50% senior notes due November 15, 2023		290.6			290.6
6.00% senior notes due April 1, 2024		298.3			298.3
6.625% debentures due April 15, 2029		157.9			157.9
8.820% debentures due April 15, 2031		69.0			69.0
Other ^(b)		50.2			10.8
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(9.7	)		(11.6	)
Total debt		2,177.3			2,109.7
Less: current portion		(222.0	)		(10.8	)
Long-term debt	$	1,955.3		$	2,098.9

The fair values of the senior notes and debentures, which were determined using the market approach based upon interest rates available to us for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, were determined to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of our total debt was greater than its book value by approximately $52.6 million and $18.8 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

On October 15, 2018, we entered into a $550.0 million senior secured Term Loan B credit facility pursuant to a credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”). Proceeds from the Term Loan Credit Agreement, net of a $5.5 million discount, were used to repurchase certain senior notes, pay transaction fees and repay a portion of borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

Our obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”) and are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our assets and certain of our domestic subsidiaries (the “Collateral”). Collateral consisting of accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, money, deposit accounts, securities accounts, investment property, and, to the extent related to the foregoing, general intangibles, documents, instruments and chattel paper, as well as 65% of the equity interests of their first-tier foreign subsidiaries secures our obligations and of the Guarantors under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and related guarantees on a second-priority basis (collectively the “ABL Priority Collateral”), and all other Collateral other than the ABL Priority Collateral secures our obligations and of the Guarantors under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and related guarantees on a first-priority basis, in each case, subject to permitted liens.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants including negative covenants restricting, among other things, our ability to incur debt, make investments, make certain restricted payments (including payments on certain other debt), incur liens securing other debt, consummate certain fundamental transactions, enter into transactions with affiliates and consummate asset sales. The Term Loan Credit Agreement requires that the net cash proceeds of significant asset sales be used to prepay borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, except in certain circumstances, including the reinvestment of net cash proceeds in assets useful to our business, repayment of borrowings under our Credit Agreement or the funding of debt tenders, in each case, subject to certain restrictions and limitations set forth in the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on January 15, 2024, at which time all amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement will be due and payable. Principal payments of $1.4 million are due quarterly. Borrowings will bear interest at a Eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 5% or a base rate plus a margin of 4%.

On October 15, 2018, we repurchased $172.6 million and $257.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% senior notes due 2020 and 7.875% senior notes due 2021, respectively, pursuant to a tender offer. We expect to record a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $31.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 on the repurchase of the bonds, representing tender premiums paid of $29.0 million, write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.5 million and fees and expenses of $1.1 million.

On September 29, 2017, we entered into an asset-based revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) which amended and restated our prior $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility dated September 30, 2016. The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility of up to $800.0 million subject to a borrowing base. The amount available to be borrowed under the Credit Agreement is equal to the lesser of (a) $800.0 million and (b) the aggregate amount of accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment and fee-owned real estate of ours and certain of our domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”) (collectively, the “Borrowing Base”), subject to certain eligibility criteria and advance rates. The aggregate amount of real estate, machinery and equipment that can be included in the Borrowing Base cannot exceed $200.0 million.

On October 15, 2018, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement, which amends the Credit Agreement to, among other things, permit (i) the incurrence of the debt pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement and (ii) the incurrence of a lien on the ABL Priority Collateral to secure our obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and related guarantees on a second-priority basis.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Guarantors and are secured by a security interest in certain assets of ours and our domestic subsidiaries, including accounts receivable, inventory, deposit accounts, securities accounts, investment property, machinery, equipment and, to the extent related to the foregoing, general intangibles, documents and instruments, as well as 65% of the equity interests of our first-tier foreign subsidiaries.

The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive covenants, including a covenant which requires us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio under certain circumstances. In addition, our ability to undertake certain actions, including, among other things, prepay certain junior debt, incur additional unsecured indebtedness and make certain restricted payments depends on satisfaction of certain conditions, including, among other things, meeting minimum availability thresholds under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $60.0 million in aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate dependent on the average quarterly availability under the Credit Agreement and is calculated according to a base rate (prime rate) or a Eurocurrency rate (London Inter-bank Offered Rate or “LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for base rate loans ranges from 0.25% to 0.50% and the applicable margin for Eurocurrency loans ranges from 1.25% to 1.50%. In addition, a fee is payable quarterly on the unused portion of the amount available to be borrowed under the Credit Agreement. The fee accrues at a rate of either 0.25% or 0.375% depending upon the average usage of the facility.

The Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on September 29, 2022, at which time all outstanding amounts under the Credit Agreement will be due and payable. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Based on our borrowing base as of September 30, 2018 and existing borrowings, we had approximately $445.2 million borrowing capacity available under the Credit Agreement.

The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under our current and prior credit facilities was 3.4% and 3.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Interest paid, net of interest capitalized, was $38.2 million and $120.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $39.3 million and $133.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Interest income was $0.8 million and $2.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.8 million and $2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

All derivatives are recorded as other current or noncurrent assets or other current or noncurrent liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at their respective fair values. Unrealized gains and losses related to derivatives are recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, or in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes, depending on the purpose for which the derivative is held. At the inception of a hedge transaction, we formally document the hedge relationship and the risk management objective for undertaking the hedge. In addition, we assess both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative in the hedging transaction has been highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the hedged item and whether the derivative is expected to continue to be highly effective. The impact of any ineffectiveness is also recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We are exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which we operate. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited in many countries because the operating revenues and expenses of our various subsidiaries and business units are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent borrowings, sales, purchases, revenues, expenses or other transactions are not in the local currency of the subsidiary or operating unit, we are exposed to currency risk. Periodically, we use foreign exchange spot and forward contracts to hedge exposures resulting from foreign exchange fluctuations. Accordingly, the gains and losses associated with the fair values of foreign currency exchange contracts are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and are generally offset by gains and losses on underlying payables, receivables and net investments in foreign subsidiaries. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The aggregate notional value of the forward contracts at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $124.2 million and $215.9 million, respectively. The fair values of foreign currency contracts were determined to be Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy and are valued using market exchange rates.

The total fair value of our foreign currency contracts, which were the only derivatives not designated as hedges, included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, was $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively. In addition, there was $1.0 million of these derivatives included in Accrued liabilities and other at September 30, 2018.

On July 2, 2018, we completed the sale of our Print Logistics business for $60.0 million cash, of which we received $55.1 million after transaction costs and preliminary working capital adjustments in the third quarter of 2018. In addition, $4.9 million of cash was included in the disposition. A final working capital adjustment of approximately $6.9 million is expected to be paid by us in the fourth quarter of 2018. Proceeds from the sale were used to reduce borrowings outstanding on our credit facility. The disposition resulted in a pre-tax gain of $4.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was recorded in Other operating income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We paid minimal income taxes as a result of the sale due to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards to offset the taxable gain. Prior to the sale, operating results for the Print Logistics business were reported as services within the Business Services segment.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income,” which permits the reclassification of tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings as a result of the Tax Act. The standard also requires entities to disclose whether or not they elected to reclassify the tax effects related to the Tax Act from accumulated other comprehensive income. The standard allows the option of applying either a retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods in which the effect of the Tax Act is recognized, or applying the amendments in the period of adoption, meaning an adjustment is made to stockholders’ equity as of the beginning of the reporting period. ASU 2018-02 will be effective in the first quarter of 2019; however, early adoption is permitted for interim and annual periods, including the reporting period in which the Tax Act was enacted. As of July 1, 2018, we adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-02, which resulted in a decrease to Accumulated deficit and increase to Accumulated other comprehensive loss of $22.1 million.

In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-07 “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” which changed the presentation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (net benefit cost) within the Statement of Operations. Under the previous guidance, net benefit cost was reported as an employee cost within income from operations. The amendment required the bifurcation of net benefit cost, with the service cost component presented with other employee compensation costs in income from operations while the other components are presented separately outside of income from operations. We retrospectively adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018. See Note 7, Employee Benefits, for further discussion.

The impact of adoption was a $0.9 million increase in Total cost of sales, $3.2 million increase in Selling, general and administrative expenses and $4.1 million increase in Investment and other income-net for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to the amounts previously reported. The impact of adoption for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was a $3.0 million increase in Total cost of sales, $9.4 million increase in Selling, general and administrative expenses and $12.4 million increase in Investment and other income-net to the amounts previously reported.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which outlined a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue using a five-step process that superseded virtually all existing revenue guidance. ASU 2014-09 also required additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures. During 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU 2016-10 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” and ASU 2016-12 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” which clarified the revenue recognition implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations, identifying performance obligations, determining whether an entity's promise to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use or a right to access the entity's intellectual property, assessing the collectability criteria, presentation of sales and similar taxes, noncash consideration and various other items. The standard allowed the option of either a full retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented, or a modified retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period. We adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. See Note 2, Revenue Recognition, for further discussion.

In accordance with Topic 606, the impact of adoption as compared to the prior guidance on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations was an increase of $3.7 million in Total net sales and an increase of $1.8 million in Total gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The impact of adoption as compared to the prior guidance for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was increases of $9.6 million in Total net sales and $2.7 million in Total gross profit. Additionally, the impact of adoption as compared to the prior guidance was a decrease of $71.9 million in Inventories, decrease of $87.9 million in Accrued liabilities and other and increase of $15.6 million in stockholders' equity at September 30, 2018. No other financial statement line item was materially impacted.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14 “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans” (“ASU 2018-14”), which removes certain disclosures that are no longer cost beneficial and also includes additional disclosures to improve the overall usefulness of the disclosure requirements to financial statement users. ASU 2018-14 will be effective for us in 2020, however early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-14 on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions in the Tax Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The guidance indicates that either accounting for deferred taxes related to GILTI inclusions or treating any taxes on GILTI inclusions as period costs are both acceptable methods subject to an accounting policy election. We will complete our assessment in the fourth quarter of 2018 and therefore have not yet elected an accounting policy.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” which requires lessees to record most leases on the balance sheet but recognize expense on the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model (ROU) that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. For lessors, ASU 2016-02 also modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01 “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842” (“ASU 2018-01”); ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”); and ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”). The amendments in ASU 2018-10 address the rate implicit in the lease, impairment of the net investment in the lease, lessee reassessment of lease classification, lessor reassessment of lease term and purchase options, variable payments that depend on an index or rate and certain transition adjustments. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 clarify details on comparative reporting required at the adoption of the standard and provide clarity on separating components of a lease contract. Topic 842 requires a modified retrospective approach, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application using either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. Early adoption of the standard is permitted; however, we plan to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2019 and use the effective date as our date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019.

We are evaluating and planning for adoption and implementation of this ASU, including implementing a new global lease accounting system, evaluating practical expedient and accounting policy elections and assessing the overall financial statement impact.

The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. We expect to elect the ‘package of practical expedients’, which permits us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We do not expect to elect the use-of-hindsight or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements; the latter not being applicable to us.

The new standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. We currently expect to elect the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. We also currently expect to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for certain classes of assets, including leased buildings.

While we continue to assess all of the effects of adoption, we currently believe the most significant effects relate to (1) the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for our real estate operating leases; and (2) providing significant new disclosures about our leasing arrangements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company (“RRD,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”), a Delaware corporation, helps organizations communicate more effectively by working to create, manage, produce, distribute and process content on behalf of our clients. We assist clients in developing and executing multichannel communication strategies that engage audiences, reduce costs, drive revenues and increase compliance. Our innovative content management offering, production platform, logistics services, supply chain management, outsourcing capabilities and customized consultative expertise assists our clients in the delivery of integrated messages across multiple media to highly targeted audiences at optimal times to their customers in virtually every private and public sector. We have strategically located operations that provide local service and responsiveness while leveraging the economic, geographic and technological advantages of a global organization.

Corporate consists of unallocated selling, general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, communications, certain facility costs and last-in-first-out inventory reserve adjustments. In addition, certain costs and earnings of employee benefit plans, such as pension and other postretirement benefits plan (“OPEB”) expense (income) and share-based compensation, are included in Corporate and not allocated to the operating segments. Corporate also manages our cash pooling structures, which enables participating international locations to draw on our international cash resources to meet local liquidity needs.

We separately report our net sales, related costs of sales and gross profit for our product and service offerings. Our product offerings primarily consist of commercial print, statements, direct mail, labels, in-store marketing, digital print, packaging, supply chain management, forms and other related products procured through our print management offering. Our service offerings primarily consist of logistics, business process outsourcing services and digital and creative solutions.

Net sales decreased by $85.4 million, or 4.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Net sales decreased $106.4 million due to the disposition of our Print Logistics business and $10.2 million due to changes in foreign exchange rates. These decreases were partially offset by higher volume in the Business Services segment.

We continue to assess opportunities to reduce our cost structure and enhance productivity throughout the business. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we realized cost savings from previous restructuring activities including the reorganization of administrative and support functions across all segments, as well as facility consolidations.

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $63.9 million as compared to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in net cash flow from operating activities related primarily to net unfavorable changes in working capital, principally a reduction in accounts payable.

In the financial review that follows, we discuss our consolidated results of operations, financial position, cash flows and certain other information. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AS COMPARED TO THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

The following table shows the results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017		$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Products net sales	$	1,329.8		$	1,322.0	$	7.8			0.6	%
Services net sales		319.7			412.9		(93.2	)		(22.6	%)
Total net sales		1,649.5			1,734.9		(85.4	)		(4.9	%)
Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		1,076.8			1,064.9		11.9			1.1	%
Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		257.3			346.5		(89.2	)		(25.7	%)
Total cost of sales		1,334.1			1,411.4		(77.3	)		(5.5	%)
Products gross profit		253.0			257.1		(4.1	)		(1.6	%)
Services gross profit		62.4			66.4		(4.0	)		(6.0	%)
Total gross profit		315.4			323.5		(8.1	)		(2.5	%)
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		203.8			210.9		(7.1	)		(3.4	%)
Restructuring and other-net		11.0			33.8		(22.8	)		(67.5	%)
Depreciation and amortization		44.2			47.0		(2.8	)		(6.0	%)
Other operating income		(4.5	)		—		(4.5	)	nm
Income from operations	$	60.9		$	31.8	$	29.1			91.5	%

Net sales of products for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $7.8 million, or 0.6%, to $1,329.8 million versus the same period in 2017. The third quarter of 2018 included a $9.8 million, or 0.7%, decrease due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Net sales of products increased due to higher volume in packaging, partially offset by lower volume in commercial print due to ongoing secular pressure and lower specialty card sales, as well as lower volume in statements and price pressure.

Net sales from services for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $93.2 million, or 22.6%, to $319.7 million versus the same period in 2017. Net sales from services decreased $106.4 million due to the disposition of our Print Logistics business and lower volume in digital and creative solutions as we continue our shift away from traditional pre-media services for non-core market segments, partially offset by higher volume in the remaining logistics business and business process outsourcing.

Products cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased $11.9 million, or 1.1%, to $1,076.8 million versus the same period in 2017. Products cost of sales increased primarily due to higher volume in packaging and cost inflation, including higher paper costs in Asia, partially offset by higher OPEB income, the favorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates, lower volume in statements and commercial print, as well as cost control initiatives across the organization. As a percentage of net sales, products cost of sales increased 0.4 percentage points for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017.

Services cost of sales decreased $89.2 million, or 25.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to the disposition of our Print Logistics business and cost control initiatives, partially offset by higher volume in business process outsourcing and higher costs of transportation in logistics. As a percentage of net sales, services cost of sales decreased 3.4 percentage points for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017.

Products gross profit decreased $4.1 million to $253.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to price pressures on sales, cost inflation, lower volume in statements and an inventory reserve benefit recorded in 2017, partially offset by the favorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates and cost control initiatives. Products gross margin decreased from 19.4% to 19.0%.

Services gross profit decreased $4.0 million to $62.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to higher costs of transportation in logistics. Services gross margin increased from 16.1% in 2017 to 19.5% in 2018 primarily due to the favorable impact from selling our Print Logistics business.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $7.1 million to $203.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017 reflecting cost control initiatives and a favorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by higher healthcare and performance-based compensation expenses and a favorable legal settlement in 2017. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses increased from 12.2% to 12.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, net restructuring and other expenses of $11.0 million decreased $22.8 million versus the same period in 2017. These expenses included $2.8 million for employee termination costs and $6.6 million for lease termination and other restructuring charges for the three months ended September 30, 2018. We also recorded $0.5 million of other charges for multi-employer pension plan withdrawal obligations unrelated to facility closures. The remainder is related to impairment charges of $1.1 million. See Note 6, Restructuring and Other, within the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Depreciation and amortization decreased $2.8 million to $44.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to lower capital spending in recent years compared to historical levels. Depreciation and amortization included $6.8 million and $7.1 million of amortization of other intangible assets related to client relationships, trade names, trademarks, licenses and agreements for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we completed the sale of our Print Logistics business and recorded a pre-tax gain of $4.5 million, which is reflected in Other operating income.

Income from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $60.9 million, an increase of $29.1 million, or 91.5%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Net interest expense decreased by $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to lower average borrowings and average interest rates during three months ended September 30, 2018.

Net investment and other income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $5.5 million and $6.9 million, respectively, and principally comprised of net OPEB and pension income. In addition, the three months ended September 30, 2017 included a non-cash net realized gain of $1.6 million on the retained shares of Donnelley Financial exchanged for certain of our senior notes outstanding.

Loss on debt extinguishments for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $6.5 million which related to unamortized debt issuance costs, premiums paid and other expenses associated with the amendment and restatement of the credit agreement, as well as the debt-for-equity exchange of certain of our senior notes.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was a benefit of 42.6% and is primarily driven by adjustments to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act, the inability to recognize a tax benefit on certain losses, and the release of a valuation allowance utilized due to the gain on the sale of our Print Logistics business. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was a benefit of 31.0% and reflects the impact of the impairment of goodwill in the Marketing Solutions segment and the inability to recognize a tax benefit on certain losses.

Income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $0.5 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net income attributable to RRD common stockholders, excluding the impact from non-controlling interests, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $34.3 million, or $0.49 per diluted share, compared to net loss attributable to RRD common stockholders of $8.0 million, or $0.11 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Net sales for the Business Services segment for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $1,363.2 million, a decrease of $77.4 million, or 5.4%, compared to 2017. Net sales decreased $106.4 million due to the disposition of our Print Logistics business and $10.2 million due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The remaining increase in net sales was primarily due to higher volume in packaging and the remaining logistics business, partially offset by the lower volume in commercial print due to ongoing secular pressure, lower specialty card sales, lower volume in statements and price pressures across the segment. The following table summarizes net sales by products and services in the Business Services segment:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
Products and Services	2018		2017		$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Commercial print	$	496.4	$	510.5	$	(14.1	)		(2.8	%)
Logistics		229.1		314.2		(85.1	)		(27.1	%)
Packaging		179.7		150.9		28.8			19.1	%
Statements		133.5		142.1		(8.6	)		(6.1	%)
Labels		118.8		118.3		0.5			0.4	%
Supply chain management		81.5		76.8		4.7			6.1	%
Forms		63.7		68.7		(5.0	)		(7.3	%)
Business process outsourcing		60.5		59.1		1.4			2.4	%
Total Business Services	$	1,363.2	$	1,440.6	$	(77.4	)		(5.4	%)

Business Services segment income from operations increased $23.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to the favorable impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, an increase in OPEB income and cost control initiatives, partially offset by lower volume in statements, price pressures and cost inflation.

Net sales for the Marketing Solutions segment for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $286.3 million, a decrease of $8.0 million, or 2.7%, compared to 2017. Net sales decreased primarily due to lower volume in digital and creative solutions as we continue our shift away from traditional pre-media services for non-core market segments, partially offset by higher volume in direct mail. The following table summarizes net sales by products and services in the Marketing Solutions segment:

Marketing Solutions segment income from operations increased $18.7 million to $11.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to lower restructuring and impairment charges and cost control initiatives, partially offset by lower volume in digital and creative solutions and digital and fulfillment print.

Corporate operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $25.7 million, an increase of $13.4 million compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily driven by lower allocation recoveries, higher healthcare costs and a favorable legal settlement in 2017, partially offset by cost control initiatives. The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses and certain items impacting comparability within the activities presented as Corporate:

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AS COMPARED TO THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

The following table shows the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017		$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Products net sales	$	3,881.6		$	3,830.9	$	50.7			1.3	%
Services net sales		1,155.2			1,182.9		(27.7	)		(2.3	%)
Total net sales		5,036.8			5,013.8		23.0			0.5	%
Products cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		3,167.7			3,068.3		99.4			3.2	%
Services cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		968.4			993.2		(24.8	)		(2.5	%)
Total cost of sales		4,136.1			4,061.5		74.6			1.8	%
Products gross profit		713.9			762.6		(48.7	)		(6.4	%)
Services gross profit		186.8			189.7		(2.9	)		(1.5	%)
Total gross profit		900.7			952.3		(51.6	)		(5.4	%)
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		626.4			653.0		(26.6	)		(4.1	%)
Restructuring and other-net		22.8			46.7		(23.9	)		(51.2	%)
Depreciation and amortization		137.5			143.1		(5.6	)		(3.9	%)
Other operating income		(4.6	)		—		(4.6	)	nm
Income from operations	$	118.6		$	109.5	$	9.1			8.3	%

Net sales of products for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $50.7 million, or 1.3%, to $3,881.6 million versus the same period in 2017. The nine months ended September 30, 2018 included a $28.8 million, or 0.8%, increase due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Net sales of products also increased due to higher volume in packaging and direct mail, partially offset by lower volume in commercial print due to ongoing secular pressure and lower specialty card sales, as well as price pressure.

Net sales from services for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $27.7 million, or 2.3%, to $1,155.2 million versus the same period in 2017. Net sales from services decreased $106.4 million due to the disposition of our Print Logistics business, lower volume in digital and creative solutions as we continue our shift away from traditional pre-media services for non-core market segments, partially offset by higher volume in the remaining logistics business and business process outsourcing.

Products cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $99.4 million, or 3.2%, to $3,167.7 million versus the same period in 2017. Products cost of sales increased primarily due to higher volume in packaging, the unfavorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates, cost inflation, including higher paper costs in Asia and operational inefficiencies due to volume reductions from two clients, partially offset by lower volume in commercial print, along with cost control initiatives across the organization. As a percentage of net sales, products cost of sales increased 1.5 percentage points for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017.

Services cost of sales decreased $24.8 million, or 2.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to the disposition of our Print Logistics business and cost control initiatives, partially offset by higher volume in the remaining logistics business and business process outsourcing, as well as higher costs of transportation in logistics. As a percentage of net sales, services cost of sales decreased 0.2 percentage points for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017.

Products gross profit decreased $48.7 million to $713.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to price pressures, the unfavorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates and cost inflation, including higher paper costs, partially offset by cost control initiatives. Products gross margin decreased from 19.9% to 18.4%.

Services gross profit decreased $2.9 million to $186.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to higher costs of transportation in logistics and price pressures. Services gross margin increased from 16.0% to 16.2%.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $26.6 million to $626.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017 reflecting cost control initiatives, partially offset by higher bad debt expense in 2018, which included an $8.3 million charge due to a client-related bankruptcy and higher performance-based compensation expense. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from 13.0% to 12.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net restructuring and other expenses of $22.8 million decreased $23.9 million versus the same period in 2017. These expenses included $11.2 million for employee termination costs and $12.0 million for lease termination and other restructuring charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. We also recorded $1.7 million of other charges for multi-employer pension plan withdrawal obligations unrelated to facility closures. The remainder is related to a $5.4 million gain on the sale of previously impaired assets, offset by $3.3 million of impairment charges related to facility closures. See Note 6, Restructuring and Other, within the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Depreciation and amortization decreased $5.6 million to $137.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to lower capital spending in recent years compared to historical levels. Depreciation and amortization included $20.7 million and $21.6 million of amortization of other intangible assets related to client relationships, trade names, trademarks, licenses and agreements for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we completed the sale of our Print Logistics business and recorded a pre-tax gain of $4.5 million, which is reflected in Other operating income.

Income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $118.6 million, an increase of $9.1 million, or 8.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Net interest expense decreased by $11.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to lower average borrowings and interest rates during nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Net investment and other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $14.7 million and principally comprised of net pension and OPEB income. Net investment and other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $59.6 million and included a non-cash net realized gain of $94.0 million on the retained shares of Donnelley Financial exchanged for certain of our senior notes outstanding, a gain of $1.3 million resulting from the sale of certain of our affordable housing investments and net pension and OPEB income, partially offset by a net realized loss of $51.6 million resulting from the sale of our retained shares of LSC.

Loss on debt extinguishments for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $20.1 million which related to premiums paid in connection with the tenders, unamortized debt issuance costs and other expenses associated with the debt-for-equity exchange of senior notes, the repurchase of debentures and senior notes and the amendment and restatement of the credit agreement. See Note 1, Basis of Presentation, within the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on the debt-for-equity exchange.

The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was a benefit of 72.0% and is primarily driven by adjustments to the provisional amounts related to the Tax Act, the inability to recognize a tax benefit on certain losses, and the release of a valuation allowance utilized due to the gain on the sale of our Print Logistics business. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was a benefit of 63.2% and reflects the impact of impairment of goodwill in the Marketing Solutions segment, the inability to recognize a tax benefit on certain losses and the impact of the net gain on disposition of investments. The Donnelley Financial retained shares were disposed in a non-taxable debt-for-equity exchange. The sale of the LSC retained shares generated a capital loss which will be carried forward; however, it was determined at the time of the sale that the benefit of such deferred tax asset would not be fully realized and a valuation allowance was recorded.

Income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $1.2 million and $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net income attributable to RRD common stockholders, excluding the impact from non-controlling interests, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $11.7 million, or $0.17 per diluted share, compared to $18.4 million, or $0.26 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Net sales for the Business Services segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $4,188.3 million, an increase of $22.6 million, or 0.5%, compared to 2017. Net sales decreased $106.4 million due to the disposition of our Print Logistics business. The increase in net sales was due to higher volume in packaging and the remaining logistics business and $32.6 million of favorable changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by lower volume in commercial print due to ongoing secular pressure, lower specialty card sales and price pressures across the segment. The following table summarizes net sales by products and services in the Business Services segment:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
Products and Services	2018		2017		$ Change			% Change
	(in millions, except percentages)
Commercial print	$	1,421.3	$	1,495.9	$	(74.6	)		(5.0	%)
Logistics		880.3		904.4		(24.1	)		(2.7	%)
Statements		436.4		439.8		(3.4	)		(0.8	%)
Labels		355.5		343.5		12.0			3.5	%
Packaging		474.0		377.5		96.5			25.6	%
Supply chain management		242.2		226.1		16.1			7.1	%
Forms		195.5		213.4		(17.9	)		(8.4	%)
Business process outsourcing		183.1		165.1		18.0			10.9	%
Total Business Services	$	4,188.3	$	4,165.7	$	22.6			0.5	%

Business Services segment income from operations increased $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to cost control initiatives and an increase in OPEB income, partially offset by price pressures, the unfavorable impact from changes in foreign exchange rates, an unfavorable mix in sales, higher cost of transportation in logistics, cost inflation, including higher paper costs in our products in Asia and operational inefficiencies due to volume reductions from two clients.

Net sales for the Marketing Solutions segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $848.5 million, an increase of $0.4 million compared to 2017. Net sales increased primarily due to higher volume in direct mail, mostly offset by lower volume in digital and creative solutions as we continue our shift away from traditional pre-media services for non-core market segments and lower volume in digital print and fulfillment. The following table summarizes net sales by products and services in the Marketing Solutions segment:

Marketing Solutions segment income from operations increased $27.3 million to $32.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to lower restructuring and impairment charges and cost control initiatives, partially offset by lower volume in digital and creative solutions.

Corporate operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $67.0 million, an increase of $18.3 million compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily driven by higher healthcare costs and higher bad debt expense in 2018 due to a client-related bankruptcy, lower allocation recoveries and a favorable legal settlement in 2017, partially offset by cost control initiatives. The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses and certain items impacting comparability within the activities presented as Corporate:

We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to support our ongoing operations and to invest in future growth to create value for our stockholders. Operating cash flows and available capacity under our asset-based senior secured revolving credit facility are our primary sources of liquidity and are expected to be used for, among other things, capital expenditures necessary to support productivity improvement and growth, completion of restructuring programs, acquisitions, payment of interest and principal on our long-term debt obligations, and distributions to stockholders that may be approved by the Board of Directors.

The following describes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Operating cash inflows are largely attributable to sales of our products and services. Operating cash outflows are largely attributable to recurring expenditures for raw materials, labor, rent, interest, taxes and other operating activities.

Net cash used in operating activities was $63.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $3.2 million during the same period in 2017. The increase in net cash used in operating activities related primarily to net unfavorable changes in working capital, principally a reduction in accounts payable.

Included in net cash used in operating activities were the following operating cash outflows:

Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $25.9 million compared to $42.9 million during the same period in 2017. Capital expenditures were $72.7 million during the first nine months of 2018, a decrease of $4.5 million as compared to the same period of 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, cash provided by investing activities included $55.1 million cash proceeds from the sale of our Print Logistics business, net of $4.9 million cash included in the disposition, $32.1 million cash received as a non-refundable deposit for the expected sale of a facility and cash proceeds from the sale of investments and other assets of $17.8 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cash provided by investing activities included net proceeds of $121.4 million from the sale of our retained interest in LSC.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $46.7 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $141.0 million in the same period in 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we increased our borrowings under credit facilities by $26.0 million compared to $165.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we paid approximately $200.4 million to repurchase certain senior notes and debentures outstanding through borrowings under our credit facilities. Dividends paid were $21.8 and $29.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we paid the final spinoff-related obligations of $78.0 million to LSC and Donnelley Financial as required by the Separation and Distribution agreement.

Cash and cash equivalents of $247.0 million as of September 30, 2018 included $33.1 million in the U.S. and $213.9 million at international locations. We have recognized deferred tax liabilities of $5.7 million as of September 30, 2018 related to local taxes on certain foreign earnings that are not considered to be permanently reinvested. Certain other cash balances of foreign subsidiaries, if repatriated to the U.S., may be subject to additional tax which would depend on income tax laws and circumstances at the time of distribution. In addition, repatriation of some foreign cash balances is further restricted by local laws. We regularly evaluate whether foreign earnings are expected to be permanently reinvested. This evaluation requires judgment about our future operating and liquidity needs of the Company and our foreign subsidiaries. Changes in economic and business conditions, foreign or U.S. tax laws, or our financial situation could result in changes to these judgments and the need to record additional tax liabilities.

Included in Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2018 were $64.4 million of short-term investments, which primarily consisted of short-term deposits and money market funds. These investments are held at institutions with sound credit ratings and are expected to be highly liquid.

In March 2017, we sold the 6,242,802 common shares we retained upon the spinoff of LSC for net proceeds of $121.4 million. The proceeds of this sale were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under our credit facility. In June 2017, we exchanged 6,143,208 of the 6,242,802 common shares of Donnelley Financial retained upon the spinoff for $111.6 million of aggregate principal of certain outstanding senior notes. In August 2017, we disposed of our remaining retained shares in Donnelley Financial via a second debt-for-equity exchange, pursuant to which we exchanged 99,594 shares of Donnelley Financial’s common stock for $1.9 million of aggregate principal of certain outstanding senior notes. Such debt obligations were cancelled and discharged upon delivery to us.

On September 29, 2017, we entered into an asset-based revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) which amended and restated our prior $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility dated September 30, 2016. The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility of up to $800.0 million subject to a borrowing base. The amount available to be borrowed under the Credit Agreement is equal to the lesser of (a) $800.0 million and (b) the aggregate amount of accounts receivable, inventory, machinery, equipment and fee-owned real estate of ours and certain of our domestic subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”) (collectively, the “Borrowing Base”), subject to certain eligibility criteria and advance rates. The aggregate amount of real estate, machinery and equipment that can be included in the Borrowing Base cannot exceed $200.0 million.

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Guarantors and are secured by a security interest in certain assets of ours and our domestic subsidiaries, including accounts receivable, inventory, deposit accounts, securities accounts, investment property, machinery and equipment and, to the extent related to the foregoing, general intangibles, documents and instruments, as well as 65% of the equity interests of our first-tier foreign subsidiaries.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate dependent on the average quarterly availability under the Credit Agreement and is calculated according to a base rate (prime rate) or a Eurocurrency rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for base rate loans ranges from 0.25% to 0.50% and the applicable margin for Eurocurrency loans ranges from 1.25% to 1.50%. In addition, a fee is payable quarterly on the unused portion of the amount available to be borrowed under the Credit Agreement. The fee accrues at a rate of either 0.25% or 0.375% depending upon the average usage of the facility.

There were $242.0 million of borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2018.

The current availability under the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2018 is shown in the table below:

As of September 30, 2018, we were in compliance with the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement and expect to remain in compliance based on our estimates of operating and financial results for 2018 and the foreseeable future. As of September 30, 2018, we met all the conditions required to borrow under the Credit Agreement and we expect to continue to meet the borrowing conditions.

The failure of a financial institution supporting the Credit Agreement would reduce the size of our committed facility unless a replacement institution was added. Currently, the Credit Agreement is supported by eight U.S. financial institutions.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $201.7 million in other uncommitted credit facilities, primarily outside the U.S. (the “Other Facilities”). There were $122.4 million in outstanding letters of credit, bank guarantees and bank acceptance drafts which reduced availability, of which $34.2 million were issued under the Credit Agreement. Total borrowings under the Credit Agreement and the Other Facilities (the “Combined Facilities”) were $291.5 million as of September 30, 2018.

Our liquidity may be affected by our credit ratings. During the first quarter of 2018, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) downgraded our long-term corporate credit rating from B1 to B2 and downgraded the senior unsecured debt credit rating from B2 to B3. The outlook remained stable. During the third quarter of 2018, S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) affirmed our long-term credit rating but revised the outlook from stable to negative and lowered the credit ratings on the senior unsecured debt from B to B-. Our S&P and Moody’s credit ratings as of September 30, 2018 are shown in the table below:

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we paid cash dividends of $21.8 million. On October 23, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per common share, payable on December 3, 2018 to stockholders of record on November 15, 2018.

We are exposed to interest rate risk on our variable debt and price risk on our fixed-rate debt. At September 30, 2018, our variable-interest borrowings were $291.5 million. Approximately 86.7% of our outstanding debt was comprised of fixed-rate debt as of September 30, 2018.

We regularly assess market risk based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential loss in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates. Using this sensitivity analysis, such changes would not have a material effect on interest income or expense and cash flows and would change the fair values of fixed-rate debt at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by approximately $39.0 million and $48.9 million, respectively.

We are exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which we operate. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited in many countries because the operating revenues and expenses of our various subsidiaries and business units are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent that borrowings, sales, purchases, revenues, expenses or other transactions are not in the local currency of the subsidiary, we are exposed to currency risk and may enter into foreign exchange spot and forward contracts to hedge the currency risk. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the aggregate notional amount of outstanding foreign currency contracts was approximately $124.2 million and $215.9 million, respectively (see Note 15, Derivatives, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). Net unrealized (losses) gains from these foreign currency contracts were gains of $1.1 million at September 30, 2018 and $2.2 million at December 31, 2017. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

For a discussion of certain litigation, see Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently issued accounting standards and their estimated effect on our consolidated financial statements are described in Note 17, New Accounting Pronouncements, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and any documents incorporated by reference contain forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on our beliefs and assumptions. Generally, forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future actions, events, or results of operations of ours. These statements may include, or be preceded or followed by, the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “might,” “could,” “would,” “potential,” “possible,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “hope” or similar expressions. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. The factors identified below are believed to be significant factors, but not necessarily all of the significant factors, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. Unpredictable or unknown factors could also have material effects on us.

The following important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements:

Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Undue reliance should not be placed on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this document or the date of any document that may be incorporated by reference into this document.

Consequently, readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should consider these forward-looking statements only as our current plans, estimates and beliefs. We do not undertake and specifically disclaims any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect future events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect any new events or any change in conditions or circumstances.

See Item 2 of Part I under “Management of Market Risk.” There have been no significant changes to our market risk since December 31, 2017. For a discussion of exposure to market risk, refer to Part II, Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, set forth in our 2017 Form 10-K.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of September 30, 2018, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018 were effective in ensuring information required to be disclosed in our SEC reports was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that had materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

For a discussion of certain litigation, see Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Credit Agreement generally allows annual dividend payments of up to $60.0 million in aggregate, though additional dividends may be allowed subject to certain conditions.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Delaware		36-1004130
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

35 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois		60601
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

Large Accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-Accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☐

		Page
	PART I

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	40

	PART II

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	41
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	41
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	41
Item 6.	Exhibits	42

Signatures		43

	Contract Assets		Contract Liabilities
	Short-Term		Short-Term		Long-Term
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	4.0	$	30.3	$	1.4
Balance at September 30, 2018		3.9		26.2		0.8

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Raw materials and manufacturing supplies	$	156.0		$	161.1
Work in process		102.0			75.0
Finished goods		120.4			198.2
LIFO reserve		(16.6	)		(17.5	)
Total inventories	$	361.8		$	416.8

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Land	$	53.0		$	56.1
Buildings		399.1			417.3
Machinery and equipment		1,832.3			1,885.2
		2,284.4			2,358.6
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(1,738.7	)		(1,743.5	)
Total property, plant and equipment-net	$	545.7		$	615.1

	Pension and OPEB Cost			Translation Adjustments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(144.6	)	$	40.9		$	(103.7	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		1.2			(30.6	)		(29.4	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		4.1			—			4.1
Impact of adopting ASU 2018-02		(22.1	)		—			(22.1	)
Other		0.6			—			0.6
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss		(16.2	)		(30.6	)		(46.8	)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(160.8	)	$	10.3		$	(150.5	)

	Changes in the Fair Value of Available-for-Sale Securities			Pension and OPEB Cost			Translation Adjustments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	119.3		$	(159.5	)	$	(15.5	)	$	(55.7	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications		(48.5	)		—			43.6			(4.9	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		(70.8	)		2.1			2.8			(65.9	)
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss		(119.3	)		2.1			46.4			(70.8	)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	—		$	(157.4	)	$	30.9		$	(126.5	)

	September 30, 2018
Availability	(in millions)
Credit Agreement	$	800.0
Availability reduction due to available borrowing base		78.6
	$	721.4
Usage
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement	$	242.0
Outstanding letters of credit		34.2
	$	276.2

Current availability at September 30, 2018	$	445.2
Cash and cash equivalents		247.0
Total available liquidity ^(a)	$	692.2

	S&P	Moody's
Long-term corporate credit rating	B, Neg	B2, Stable
Senior unsecured debt	B-	B3
Term Loan Credit Agreement	B+	B1

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2018 - July 31, 2018		2,671	$	5.76	—	$	—
August 1, 2018 - August 31, 2018	—		—		—	$	—
September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018		—		—	—	$	—
Total		2,671	$	5.76	—

10.1		Credit Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2018, among R. R. Donnelley and Sons Company, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 15, 2018)

10.2		Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2018, among R. R. Donnelley and Sons Company, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 15, 2018)

31.1*		Certification by Daniel L. Knotts, President and Chief Executive Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

31.2*		Certification by Terry D. Peterson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

32.1**		Certification by Daniel L. Knotts, President and Chief Executive Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code

32.2**		Certification by Terry D. Peterson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

R.R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY

By:		/s/ TERRY D. PETERSON
		Terry D. Peterson
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer