2. Discontinued Operations

Immediately following the Distribution, the Company held approximately 6.2 million shares of Donnelley Financial common stock and approximately 6.2 million shares of LSC common stock. The Company accounted for these investments as available-for-sale equity securities. In March 2017, the Company sold the 6.2 million shares of LSC common stock it retained upon spinoff for net proceeds of $121.4 million, resulting in a realized loss of $51.6 million, which was recorded within investment and other income-net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In June 2017, the Company completed a non-cash debt-for-equity exchange in which RRD exchanged 6,143,208 of its retained shares of Donnelley Financial common stock for the extinguishment of $111.6 million in aggregate principal amount of RRD indebtedness. In August 2017, the Company disposed of its remaining 99,594 shares of Donnelley Financial common stock in exchange for the extinguishment of $1.9 million in aggregate principal amount of RRD indebtedness. See Note 15, Debt, for additional details of these debt-for-equity transactions. As of September 30, 2017, the Company no longer held any shares of LSC or Donnelley Financial.

The following details the financial results of discontinued operations:

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2016			September 30, 2016
Net sales	$	1,122.6		$	3,303.4
Cost of sales		879.1			2,534.7
Operating expenses ^(a)		170.0			592.0
Interest and other expense net^(b)		104.0			139.5
(Loss) earnings before income taxes		(30.5	)		37.2
Income tax (benefit) expense		(1.4	)		21.4
Net (loss) earnings from discontinued operations	$	(29.1	)	$	15.8

(a)

Includes spinoff transaction costs incurred of $27.0 million and $57.3 million during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

(b)

Includes the related interest expense of the corporate level debt which was retired in connection with the Separation totaling $17.8 million and $53.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Also includes the losses on the extinguishment of corporate level debt executed in conjunction with the spinoff transactions totaling $85.3 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

The significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2016
Depreciation and amortization	$	159.0
Pension settlement charges		77.7
Impairment charges		1.5
Loss on debt extinguishments		85.3
Assumption of warehousing equipment related to customer contract		8.8
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		49.0

In connection with the Separation, the Company entered into transition services agreements with Donnelley Financial and LSC under which the companies will provide one another with certain services to help ensure an orderly transition following the Separation (the “Transition Services Agreements”). The charges for these services are intended to allow the companies, as applicable, to recover the direct and indirect costs incurred in providing such services. The Transition Services Agreements generally provide for a term of services starting at the Separation date and continuing for a period of up to twenty-four months following the Separation. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized $1.4 million and $6.4 million, respectively, as a reduction of costs within selling, general and administrative expenses within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations from the Transition Services Agreement.

The Company also entered into various commercial agreements which govern sales transactions between the companies. Under these commercial agreements, the Company recognized the following transactions with LSC and Donnelley Financial during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017		September 30, 2017
Net sales to LSC and Donnelley Financial	$	67.2	$	236.3
Purchases from LSC and Donnelley Financial		36.2		105.2

The Company also recognized $83.0 million of net cash inflow from Donnelley Financial and LSC within operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.