7. Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges

Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges Recognized in Results of Operations

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded the following net restructuring, impairment and other charges:

Three Months Ended	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring				Other
September 30, 2017	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Impairment		Charges		Total
Variable Print	$	3.0	$	0.6	$	3.6	$	0.2	$	0.4	$	4.2
Strategic Services		0.7		—		0.7		21.3		0.1		22.1
International		1.9		0.3		2.2		—		—		2.2
Corporate		5.1		0.2		5.3		—		—		5.3
Total	$	10.7	$	1.1	$	11.8	$	21.5	$	0.5	$	33.8

Three Months Ended	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring					Other
September 30, 2016	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Impairment			Charges		Total
Variable Print	$	1.1	$	0.3	$	1.4	$	—		$	0.5	$	1.9
Strategic Services		1.2		—		1.2		—			0.1		1.3
International		0.9		0.2		1.1		—			—		1.1
Corporate		6.5		0.1		6.6		(0.1	)		—		6.5
Total	$	9.7	$	0.6	$	10.3	$	(0.1	)	$	0.6	$	10.8

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded the following net restructuring, impairment and other charges:

Nine Months Ended	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring					Other
September 30, 2017	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Impairment			Charges		Total
Variable Print	$	4.0	$	0.9	$	4.9	$	(0.1	)	$	1.4	$	6.2
Strategic Services		1.8		0.3		2.1		21.8			0.3		24.2
International		6.4		2.2		8.6		—			—		8.6
Corporate		7.3		0.4		7.7		—			—		7.7
Total	$	19.5	$	3.8	$	23.3	$	21.7		$	1.7	$	46.7

Nine Months Ended	Employee		Other Restructuring		Total Restructuring					Other
September 30, 2016	Terminations		Charges		Charges		Impairment			Charges		Total
Variable Print	$	1.5	$	1.5	$	3.0	$	0.3		$	1.4	$	4.7
Strategic Services		1.7		—		1.7		—			0.3		2.0
International		7.4		1.3		8.7		(2.5	)		—		6.2
Corporate		10.1		0.1		10.2		1.2			—		11.4
Total	$	20.7	$	2.9	$	23.6	$	(1.0	)	$	1.7	$	24.3

Restructuring and Impairment Charges

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $10.7 million and $19.5 million, respectively, for employee termination costs. These charges primarily relate to the reorganization of selling, general and administrative functions primarily within the Corporate, International and Variable Print segments, the termination of the Company’s relationship in a joint venture within the International segment and a facility closure in the Strategic Services segment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded net impairment charges of $21.5 million and $21.7 million, respectively, primarily related to the $21.3 million impairment of the goodwill for the digital and creative solutions (“DCS”) reporting unit, which is included within the Strategic Services segment. The goodwill impairment charge in the DCS reporting unit was due to the notification from a major customer that they will be transitioning their business away from DCS beginning in the fourth quarter of 2017 as well as declines in sales with other existing customers which resulted in lower expectations of future revenues, profitability and cash flows compared to expectations as of the October 31, 2016 annual goodwill impairment test. As of September 30, 2017, the DCS reporting unit had no remaining goodwill. The goodwill impairment charges were determined using Level 3 inputs, including comparable marketplace fair value data and a discounted cash flow analysis. The remaining impairment charges recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, were primarily due to the impairment of equipment associated with the facility closure in the Strategic Services segment. Additionally, the Company incurred lease termination and other restructuring charges of $1.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded net restructuring charges of $9.7 million and $20.7 million, respectively, for employee termination costs. These charges primarily related to two facility closures in the International segment and the reorganization of certain administrative functions and operations. Additionally, the Company incurred lease termination and other restructuring charges of $0.6 million and $2.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of net gains on the sale of previously impaired assets, partially offset by impairment charges related to buildings and machinery and equipment associated with facility closures.

Other Charges

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded other charges of $0.5 million and $1.7 million and $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively, for multi-employer pension plan withdrawal obligations unrelated to facility closures. The total liabilities for the withdrawal obligations associated with the Company’s decision to withdraw from multi-employer pension plans included in accrued liabilities and other noncurrent liabilities are $5.1 million and $32.4 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2017.

The Company’s multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liabilities could be affected by the financial stability of other employers participating in the plans and any decisions by those employers to withdraw from the plans in the future. While it is not possible to quantify the potential impact of future events or circumstances, reductions in other employers’ participation in multi-employer pension plans, including certain plans from which the Company has previously withdrawn, could have a material impact on the Company’s previously estimated withdrawal liabilities, consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Restructuring Reserve

The restructuring reserve as of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were as follows:

					Foreign
	December 31,		Restructuring		Exchange and			Cash			September 30,
	2016		Charges		Other			Paid			2017
Employee terminations	$	7.6	$	19.5	$	—		$	(13.5	)	$	13.6
Multi-employer pension withdrawal obligations		11.8		0.6		(0.1	)		(1.1	)		11.2
Lease terminations and other		1.6		3.2		1.2			(2.8	)		3.2
Total	$	21.0	$	23.3	$	1.1		$	(17.4	)	$	28.0

The current portion of restructuring reserves of $14.4 million at September 30, 2017 was included in accrued liabilities, while the long-term portion of $13.6 million, primarily related to multi-employer pension plan withdrawal obligations related to facility closures, was included in other noncurrent liabilities at September 30, 2017.

The Company anticipates that payments associated with the employee terminations reflected in the above table will be substantially completed by September 2018.

Payments on all of the Company’s multi-employer pension plan withdrawal obligations are scheduled to be completed by 2036. Changes based on uncertainties in these estimated withdrawal obligations could affect the ultimate charges related to multi-employer pension plan withdrawals.

The restructuring liabilities classified as “lease terminations and other” consisted of lease terminations, other facility closing costs and contract termination costs. Payments on certain of the lease obligations are scheduled to continue until 2020. Market conditions and the Company’s ability to sublease these properties could affect the ultimate charges related to the lease obligations. Any potential recoveries or additional charges could affect amounts reported in the Company’s financial statements.