Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
12 Months Ended |
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Jul. 31, 2017 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Donaldson is a worldwide manufacturer of filtration systems and replacement parts. The Company’s core strengths are leading filtration technology, strong customer relationships and its global presence. Products are manufactured at 44 plants around the world and through three joint ventures. Products are sold to OEMs, distributors, dealers and directly to end users. Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Donaldson Company, Inc. and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s three joint ventures are not majority-owned and are accounted for under the equity method. Certain reclassifications to previously reported financial information have been made to conform to the current period presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency Translation For most foreign operations, local currencies are considered the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates and the resulting gains and losses arising from the translation of net assets located outside the U.S. are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Elements of the Consolidated Statements of Earnings are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) are included in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and were $(4.0) million, $(4.7) million and $2.1 million in the years ended July 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid temporary investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost that approximates market value. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Trade accounts receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience in the industry, regional economic data and evaluation of specific customer accounts for risk of loss. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectability. All other balances are reviewed on a pooled basis by reporting unit and geographic region. Account balances are reserved when the Company determines it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. U.S. inventories are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method while the non-U.S. inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventories valued at LIFO were approximately 27.2% and 29.0% of total inventories at July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For inventories valued under the LIFO method, the FIFO cost exceeded the LIFO carrying values by $37.1 million and $39.8 million at July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Results of operations for all periods presented were not materially affected by the liquidation of LIFO inventory. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Additions, improvements or major renewals are capitalized while expenditures that do not enhance or extend the asset’s useful life are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense was $68.8 million, $68.8 million and $66.9 million in the years ended July 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are ten to forty years for buildings, including building improvements, and three to ten years for machinery and equipment. Internal-Use Software The Company capitalizes direct costs of materials and services used in the development and purchase of internal-use software. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of five to seven years and are reported as a component of machinery and equipment within property, plant and equipment. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting. Other intangible assets, comprised of customer relationships and lists, patents, trademarks and technology, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three to twenty years. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually or if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. The impairment assessment for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level. Reporting units are one level below the operating segment level but can be combined when reporting units within the same operating segment have similar economic characteristics. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including identifiable intangibles, for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the carrying value is reduced to the fair market value. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $2.9 million in fiscal 2016 for a partially completed facility in Xuzhou, China. There were no impairment charges recorded in fiscal 2017 or fiscal 2015. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income reported for financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributed to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are anticipated to reverse. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax benefits. Benefits of tax return positions are recognized in the financial statements when the position is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authorities based solely on the technical merits of the position. If the recognition threshold is met, the tax benefit is measured and recognized as the largest amount of tax benefit that in the Company’s judgment is greater than 50% likely to be realized. Treasury Stock Repurchased common stock is stated at cost (determined on an average cost basis) and is presented as a reduction of shareholders’ equity. Research and Development Expense Research and development expenses include basic scientific research and the application of scientific advances to the development of new and improved products and their uses and are charged against earnings in the year incurred. Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling costs of $61.4 million, $56.3 million and $63.2 million are classified as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended July 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Equity Based Compensation The Company offers stock-based employee compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 10. Stock-based employee compensation expense is recognized using the fair-value method for all awards. Revenue Recognition The Company sells a wide range of filtration solutions into many industries around the globe. Revenue is recognized when both product ownership and the risk of loss have transferred to the customer, the Company has no remaining obligations, the selling price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. The vast majority of the Company’s sales contracts are for standard products with product ownership and risk of loss transferring to the customer when the product has shipped, at which point revenue is recognized. Although less common, the Company does have sales contracts with customers requiring product ownership and risk of loss to transfer at the customer’s location. For these non-standard terms, the Company defers revenue on these product sales until the product has been delivered. For the Company’s Gas Turbine Systems sales, which typically consist of multiple shipments of components that will comprise the entire Gas Turbine Systems project, the Company must carefully monitor the transfer of title related to each portion of a system sale. The Company defers revenue recognition until product ownership and risk of loss has transferred to the customer for all components and when all terms specified in the contract are met, which may include requirements such as the Company delivering technical documentation to the customer or a quality inspection approved by the customer. In limited circumstances, the Company enters into sales contracts that involve multiple elements (such as equipment, replacement filter elements and installation services). In these instances, the Company determines if the multiple elements in the arrangement represent separate units of accounting. If separate units of accounting exist, the price of the entire arrangement is allocated to the separate units of account using the Company’s best estimate of relative selling price if the unit of account was sold separately. Revenue is then recognized separately for each unit of account when the criteria for revenue recognition have been met. Additionally, the Company records estimated discounts and rebates offered to customers as a reduction of sales in the same period revenue is recognized. Product Warranties The Company provides for estimated warranty expense at the time of sale and accrues for specific items at the time their existence is known and the amounts are determinable. The Company estimates warranty expense using quantitative measures based on historical warranty claim experience and evaluation of specific customer warranty issues. For a reconciliation of warranty reserves, see Note 8. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company recognizes all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are adjusted to fair value through income. If the derivative is designated as a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in shareholders’ equity through other comprehensive loss until the hedged item is recognized. Gains or losses related to the ineffective portion of any hedge are recognized through earnings in the current period. New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or within one year after the financial statements are available to be issued when applicable) and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. This accounting guidance was effective for the Company beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 and did not have an impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (ASU 2015-03), which amended guidance requiring the issuance of debt costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the amount of the debt liability, consistent with debt discounts and premiums. This accounting guidance was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The adoption of ASU 2015-03 was applied retrospectively and resulted in a reclassification of $1.6 million of debt issuance costs from other long-term assets to long-term debt on the July 31, 2016 Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2017 is also presented in accordance with the guidance of this new standard. In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (ASU 2015-07), which amended guidance requiring a company to categorize investments for which fair values are measured using the net asset value (NAV) per share practical expedient. ASU 2015-07 also limits the disclosures to investments for which the entity has elected to measure the fair value using the practical expedient. This accounting guidance was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and did not have an impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements but did result in additional disclosures in Note 11. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, which amends (Topic 805) Business Combinations. This ASU requires that acquiring entities recognize measurement period adjustments in the reporting period the amounts are determined, including earnings adjustments that would have been recorded in previous periods if the adjustments were known at the acquisition date. Acquiring entities are no longer required to retrospectively adjust amounts in comparative periods. The adjustment amounts and reasons are still disclosed. This accounting guidance was effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and did not have an impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which amended the guidance requiring companies to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and non-current amounts in a classified balance sheet. This accounting guidance simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes, such that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified balance sheet. This accounting guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this accounting guidance prospectively beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, which affected the Company's classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets presented. Consistent with the prospective method of adopting this new standard, the Company did not reclassify deferred tax assets and liabilities on its July 31, 2016 Consolidated Balance Sheet. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments in this update, an entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 also eliminates the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 in the third quarter of fiscal 2017 with its annual goodwill impairment tests. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have an impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASU 2014-09), which amended revenue recognition guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. In 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-11, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 to clarify, among other things, the implementation guidance related to principal versus agent considerations, identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. This accounting guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update are to be applied on a retrospective basis, either to each prior reporting period presented or by presenting the cumulative effect of applying the update recognized at the date of initial application. The Company has begun an evaluation of the impact of the adoption of the standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements. A project team has been established and will be conducting surveys of the reporting units and performing revenue contract analyses to gather information and identify where potential differences could result in applying the requirements of the new standard. Based on the results of the surveys and contract analyses, the Company will assess the financial impact of the new standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements and determine the method of adoption. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (ASU 2015-11), which amended the guidance requiring companies not using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value rather than the lower of cost or market. This accounting guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2015-11 will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which amends the guidance requiring companies to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than twelve months. The new guidance will require companies to record both capital and operating leases on the balance sheet. This accounting guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 on a modified retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09). This update simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (ASU 2016-15). The new guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted, provided that all of the amendments are adopted in the same period. The guidance requires application using a retrospective transition method. The Company does not expect the application of ASU 2016-15 will have a material impact on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASU 2017-01). The new guidance provides a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. The amendments provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reduce the costs of application and make the definition of a business more operable. ASU 2017-01 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company does not expect the application of ASU 2017-01 will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) (ASU 2017-07). The new guidance requires employers to disaggregate and present separately the current service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost within the consolidated statement of earnings. ASU 2017-07 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-07 on its Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) (ASU 2017-09). The amendments in ASU 2017-09 provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-09 on its Consolidated Financial Statements. |