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Share-based payments
12 Months Ended
Feb. 03, 2012
Share-based payments  
Share-based payments

11. Share-based payments

        The Company accounts for share-based payments in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Under these standards, the fair value of each award is separately estimated and amortized into compensation expense over the service period. The fair value of the Company's stock option grants are estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of valuation and reduce expense ratably over the vesting period. The application of this valuation model involves assumptions that are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense.

        Prior to a merger transaction in 2007, the Company maintained various share-based compensation programs which included options and other share-based awards. In connection with the merger transaction, in limited circumstances, certain stock options held by Company management were exchanged for new options to purchase common stock in the Company (the "Rollover Options"). Subject to certain adjustments to the number of options and the exercise price, the Rollover Options generally continue under the terms of the equity plan under which the original options were issued.

        On July 6, 2007, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan for Key Employees, which plan was subsequently amended (as so amended, the "Plan"). The Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, and other stock-based awards or dividend equivalent rights to key employees, directors, consultants or other persons having a service relationship with the Company, its subsidiaries and certain of its affiliates. The number of shares of Company common stock authorized for grant under the Plan is 31,142,858. As of February 3, 2012, 19,338,127 of such shares are available for future grants.

        Under the Plan, the Company has granted options that vest solely upon the continued employment of the recipient ("Time Options"), options that vest upon the achievement of predetermined annual or cumulative financial-based targets ("Performance Options") and other awards. Time and Performance stock options generally vest ratably on an annual basis over either a four or a five-year period, while other stock options awards vest over varying time periods.

        Assuming specified financial targets are met, the Performance Options vest as of the Company's fiscal year end, and as a result the initial and final tranche of each Performance Option grant is prorated based upon the date of grant. In the event the performance target is not achieved in any given annual performance period, the Performance Options for that period may still subsequently vest, provided that a cumulative performance target is achieved. Vesting of the Time Options and Performance Options is also subject to acceleration in the event of an earlier change in control or certain public offerings of the Company's common stock. Each of these options, whether Time Options or Performance Options, have a contractual term of 10 years and an exercise price equal to the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

        The weighted average for key assumptions used in determining the fair value of all options granted in the years ended February 3, 2012, January 28, 2011, and January 29, 2010, and a summary of the methodology applied to develop each assumption, are as follows:

 
  February 3,
2012
  January 28,
2011
  January 29,
2010
 

Expected dividend yield

    0 %   0 %   0 %

Expected stock price volatility

    38.7 %   39.1 %   41.2 %

Weighted average risk-free interest rate

    2.3 %   2.8 %   2.8 %

Expected term of options (years)

    6.8     7.0     7.4  

        Expected dividend yield—This is an estimate of the expected dividend yield on the Company's stock. The Company is subject to limitations on the payment of dividends under its Credit Facilities as further discussed in Note 6. An increase in the dividend yield will decrease compensation expense.

        Expected stock price volatility—This is a measure of the amount by which the price of the Company's common stock has fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate. For awards issued under the Plan through October 2011, the expected volatilities were based upon the historical volatilities of a peer group of four companies. Beginning in November 2011, the expected volatilities for awards are based on the historical volatility of the Company's publicly traded common stock. An increase in the expected volatility will increase compensation expense.

        Weighted average risk-free interest rate—This is the U.S. Treasury rate for the week of the grant having a term approximating the expected life of the option. An increase in the risk-free interest rate will increase compensation expense.

        Expected term of options—This is the period of time over which the options granted are expected to remain outstanding. Options granted have a maximum term of 10 years. Due to the relatively limited historical data for grants issued under the Plan, the Company has estimated the expected term as the mid-point between the vesting date and the contractual term of the option. An increase in the expected term will increase compensation expense.

        Both the Time Options and the Performance Options are subject to various provisions set forth in a management stockholder's agreement entered into with each option holder by which the Company may require the employee, upon termination, to sell to the Company any vested options or shares received upon exercise of the Time Options or Performance Options at amounts that differ based upon the reason for the termination. In particular, in the event that the employee resigns "without good reason" (as defined in the management stockholder's agreement), then any options whether or not then exercisable are forfeited and any shares received upon prior exercise of such options are callable at the Company's option at an amount equal to the lesser of fair value or the amount paid for the shares (i.e., the exercise price). In such cases, because the employee would not benefit in any share appreciation over the exercise price, for accounting purposes such options are not considered vested until the expiration of the Company's call option, which is generally five years subsequent to the date of grant. Accordingly, all references to the vesting provisions or vested status of the options discussed in this note give effect to the vesting pursuant to these accounting provisions and may differ from descriptions of the vesting status of the Time Options and Performance Options located elsewhere in this report or the Company's other SEC filings. The Company records expense for Time Options on a straight-line basis over the term of the management stockholder's agreement.

        Each of the Company's management-owned shares, Rollover Options, and vested Time and Performance options include certain provisions by which the holder of such shares, Rollover Options, or vested Time and Performance options may require the Company to repurchase such instruments in limited circumstances. Specifically, each such instrument is subject to a put right for a period of 365 days after termination due to the death or disability of the holder of the instrument that occurs generally within five years from the date of grant. In such circumstances, the holder of such instruments may require the Company to repurchase any shares at the fair market value of such shares and any Rollover Options or vested Time and Performance options at a price equal to the intrinsic value of such Rollover or vested Time and Performance options. Because the Company does not have control over the circumstances in which it may be required to repurchase the outstanding shares or Rollover Options, such shares and Rollover Options have been classified as Redeemable common stock in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of these dates. The values of these equity instruments are based upon the fair value and intrinsic value, respectively, of the underlying stock and Rollover Options at the date of issuance. Because redemption of such shares is uncertain, such shares are not subject to re-measurement until their redemption becomes probable.

        At February 3, 2012, 5,382 Rollover Options were outstanding, all of which were exercisable. The aggregate intrinsic value of these outstanding Rollover Options was $0.2 million with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 2.2 years, and a weighted average exercise price of $2.1875.

        A summary of Time Options activity during the period ended February 3, 2012 is as follows:

(Intrinsic value amounts reflected in thousands)
  Options
Issued
  Average
Exercise
Price
  Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years
  Intrinsic
Value
 

Balance, January 28, 2011

    5,778,131   $ 9.73              

Granted

    91,012     29.98              

Exercised

    (1,427,179 )   8.41              

Canceled

    (183,383 )   11.09              
                   

Balance, February 3, 2012

    4,258,581   $ 10.55     6.3   $ 133,691  
                   

Vested or expected to vest at February 3, 2012

    4,159,595   $ 10.36     6.3   $ 131,357  
                   

Exercisable at February 3, 2012

    2,486,048   $ 9.08     6.1   $ 81,692  
                   

        The weighted average grant date fair value of Time Options granted during 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $13.47, $12.61 and $6.73, respectively.

        A summary of Performance Options activity during the period ended February 3, 2012 is as follows:

(Intrinsic value amounts reflected in thousands)
  Options
Issued
  Average
Exercise
Price
  Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years
  Intrinsic
Value
 

Balance, January 28, 2011

    5,497,024   $ 9.82              

Granted

    91,012     29.98              

Exercised

    (1,437,711 )   8.36              

Canceled

    (182,088 )   11.13              
                   

Balance, February 3, 2012

    3,968,237   $ 10.75     6.4   $ 123,780  
                   

Vested or expected to vest at February 3, 2012

    3,853,900   $ 10.53     6.4   $ 121,044  
                   

Exercisable at February 3, 2012

    3,098,603   $ 9.42     6.1   $ 100,756  
                   

        The weighted average grant date fair value of Performance Options granted was $13.47, $12.61 and $6.73 during 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

        The Company currently believes that the performance targets related to the unvested Performance Options will be achieved. If such goals are not met, and there is no change in control or certain public offerings of the Company's common stock which would result in the acceleration of vesting of the Performance Options, future compensation cost relating to unvested Performance Options will not be recognized.

        As of February 3, 2012, in addition to Time and Performance options, the Company has 211,755 non-qualified stock options outstanding, a portion of which are held by the Company's non-employee directors.

        At February 3, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options was $16.9 million with an expected weighted average expense recognition period of 2.5 years.

        In October 2007, the Company's Board of Directors adopted an Equity Appreciation Rights Plan, which plan was later amended and restated (as amended and restated, the "Rights Plan"). The Rights Plan provides for the granting of equity appreciation rights to nonexecutive managerial employees. No such rights were outstanding at January 28, 2011. During 2011, 818,847 equity appreciation rights were granted, 768,561 of such rights vested, primarily in conjunction with the Company's December 2011 stock offering, 50,286 of such rights were cancelled and no such rights remain outstanding at February 3, 2012.

        As a result of the Company's initial public offering in November 2009, 508,572 restricted shares vested, at a total fair value equal to $11.5 million. As of February 3, 2012, a total of 13,024 restricted stock unit awards held by non-employee directors were outstanding, with total compensation cost related to the nonvested portion of these awards not yet recognized of approximately $0.2 million.

        All nonvested restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards granted in the periods presented had a purchase price of zero. The Company records compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the restriction period based on the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant. The nonvested restricted stock unit awards granted under the plan to non-employee directors generally vest over a three-year period.

        The fair value method of accounting for share-based awards resulted in share-based compensation expense (a component of SG&A expenses) and a corresponding reduction in net income before income taxes as follows:

(In thousands)
  Stock
Options
  Equity
Appreciation
Rights
  Restricted
Stock Units
  Restricted
Stock
  Total  

Year ended February 3, 2012

                               

Pre-tax

  $ 15,121   $ 8,731   $ 129   $   $ 23,981  

Net of tax

  $ 9,208   $ 5,317   $ 79   $   $ 14,604  

Year ended January 28, 2011

                               

Pre-tax

  $ 12,722   $ 17,366   $ 83   $   $ 30,171  

Net of tax

  $ 7,755   $ 10,587   $ 51   $   $ 18,393  

Year ended January 29, 2010

                               

Pre-tax

  $ 11,686   $ 7,237   $ 840   $ 2,482   $ 22,245  

Net of tax

  $ 7,138   $ 4,420   $ 513   $ 1,516   $ 13,587