	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020			2019
Domestic pre-tax income	$	5,268		$	12,486
Foreign pre-tax income	$	19,688		$	29,548
Income tax provision	$	4,556		$	10,298
Effective tax rate		18.3	%		24.5	%
Impact of tax holidays on tax expense	$	(1,074	)	$	277
Earnings per share impact of tax holidays:
Basic	$	0.02		$	(0.01	)
Diluted	$	0.02		$	(0.01	)

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, is primarily attributable to a decrease in non-U.S. withholding taxes and a net increase in favorable U.S. permanent differences.

Our undistributed foreign earnings continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations, with limited exceptions related to earnings of certain European and Asian subsidiaries. Any future distributions of foreign earnings will not be subject to additional U.S. income tax, but may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2012, or for the 2015 tax year. We are no longer subject to China income tax examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2009. With respect to state and local jurisdictions and countries outside of the U.S. (other than China), with limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax audits for years before 2014. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company believes that adequate amounts of tax, interest and penalties, if any, have been provided for in the Company’s reserve for any adjustments that may result from currently pending tax audits. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense. As of March 31, 2020, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $38.4 million.

It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of the Company’s unrecognized tax positions will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months. At this time, an estimate of the range of the reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made.

In response to the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the United States Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was enacted on March 27, 2020. We do not expect the CARES Act to have a material impact on our financial statements because we do not qualify for most of the relief provisions prescribed in the Cares Act. We will continue to assess the impacts of the CARES Act and any other legislation adopted by the United States government or other applicable governmental agencies in response to COVID-19 as additional guidance is published by the relevant authorities.