Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Diebold Nixdorf, Incorporated and its wholly- and majority-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the Company). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated, including common control transfers among subsidiaries of the Company.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include revenue recognition, the valuation of trade and financing receivables, inventories, goodwill, intangible assets, other long-lived assets, legal contingencies, guarantee obligations and assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, pension and other post-retirement benefits and customer incentives, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors. Management monitors the economic condition and other factors and will adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.

Error Correction. During 2019, the Company identified an immaterial prior period error related to deferred income taxes (liabilities), resulting in related errors to impairment of assets on the consolidated statement of operations, and other current assets (assets held for sale), goodwill, and total Diebold Nixdorf, Incorporated shareholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheet. Management determined that the error was not material to any prior period, and the accompanying consolidated financial statements for 2018 have been adjusted. The corrections impacted all of the Company’s reportable operating segments. As a result of applying the corrections retrospectively, previously reported balances within certain financial statement line items increased (decreased) as follows:

	Year ended
	December 31, 2018
Results of operations
Impairment of assets	$	(37.3	)
Net loss attributable to Diebold Nixdorf, Inc.	$	(37.3	)
Basic and diluted loss per common share	$	(0.49	)
Consolidated balance sheet data
Other current assets	$	(2.5	)
Goodwill	$	(28.9	)
Deferred income taxes (liabilities)	$	(68.1	)
Total equity	$	36.7

The error described above primarily relates to an overstatement of deferred income taxes (liabilities) and related goodwill recorded as part of the Acquisition. As a result of the correction, the goodwill impairment charges recorded in 2018 have been reduced by $37.3. Refer to Note 8 for further details related to the impairment of goodwill.

Reclassification. The Company has reclassified the presentation of certain prior-year information to conform to the current presentation. The Company reclassified immaterial amounts of $7.9 from cost of sales to selling and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. The amount represents selling costs that were incorrectly being recorded within cost of sales.

The Company reclassified an immaterial amount of $10.9 for the year ended December 31, 2018 within the operating activities of the consolidated statements of cash flows between depreciation and amortization and certain other assets and liabilities to correct its presentation.

International Operations. The financial statements of the Company’s international operations are measured using local currencies as their functional currencies, with the exception of certain financial results from Mexico, Argentina, Singapore and Switzerland, which have a functional currency other than local currency. These operations used either United States dollar (USD) or euro as their functional currency depending on the concentration of USD or euro transactions and distinct financial information. The

Company translates the assets and liabilities of its non-U.S. subsidiaries at the exchange rates in effect at year end and the results of operations at the average rate throughout the year. The translation adjustments are recorded directly as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, while transaction gains (losses) are included in net income (loss).

Acquisitions and Divestitures. Acquisitions are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. This method requires the Company to record assets and liabilities of the business acquired at their estimated fair market values as of the acquisition date. Any excess cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company generally uses valuation specialists to perform appraisals and assist in the determination of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These valuations require management to make estimates and assumptions that are critical in determining the fair values of the assets and liabilities.

For all divestitures, the Company considers assets to be held for sale when management approves and commits to a formal plan to actively market the assets for sale at a price reasonable in relation to their estimated fair value, the assets are available for immediate sale in their present condition, an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the sale have been initiated, the sale of the assets is probable and expected to be completed within one year (or, if it is expected that others will impose conditions on the sale of the assets that will extend the period required to complete the sale, that a firm purchase commitment is probable within one year) and it is unlikely that significant changes will be made to the plan. Upon designation as held for sale, the Company records the assets at the lower of their carrying value or their estimated fair value, reduced for the cost to dispose of the assets, and ceases to record depreciation expense on the assets. Assets and liabilities are reclassified as held for sale in the period the held for sale criteria are met.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $233.3 and $113.4 of current assets and liabilities held for sale, respectively, primarily related to non-core businesses in Eurasia. As of December 31, 2018 the Company had $79.0 and $33.2 of current assets and liabilities held for sale, respectively, primarily related to non-core business in Europe and the Americas.

Revenue Recognition. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The amount of consideration can vary depending on discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, incentives, performance bonuses, penalties, or other similar items contained in the contract with the customer of which generally these variable consideration components represents minimal amount of net sales. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

The Company's payment terms vary depending on the individual contracts and are generally fixed fee. The Company recognizes advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized as deferred revenue. In certain contracts where services are provided prior to billing, the Company recognizes a contract asset within trade receivables and other current assets.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and that are collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from revenue.

The Company recognizes shipping and handling fees billed when products are shipped or delivered to a customer and includes such amounts in net sales. Although infrequent, shipping and handling associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer is not a separate performance obligation, rather it is accounted for as a fulfillment cost. Third-party freight payments are recorded in cost of sales.

The Company includes a warranty in connection with certain contracts with customers, which are not considered to be separate performance obligations. The Company provides its customers a manufacturer’s warranty and records, at the time of the sale, a corresponding estimated liability for potential warranty costs. For additional information on product warranty refer to note 9. The Company also has extended warranty and service contracts available for its customers, which are recognized as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized on these contracts ratably as the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide services when or as needed by the customer. This input method is the most accurate assessment of progress toward completion the Company can apply.

Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, was adopted using a modified retrospective approach to open contracts as of the effective date, January 1, 2018. The standard is intended to reduce potential for diversity in practice at initial application and reducing the cost and complexity of applying Topic 606 both at transition and prospectively. As a result of the adoption, the cumulative increase to the Company's retained earnings at January 1, 2018 was $4.6.

Nature of goods and services

Product revenue is recognized at the point in time that the customer obtains control of the product, which could be upon delivery or upon completion of installation services, depending on contract terms. The Company’s software licenses are functional in nature (the IP has significant stand-alone functionality); as such, the revenue recognition of distinct software license sales is at the point

in time that the customer obtains control of the rights granted by the license.

Professional services integrate the commercial solution with the customer's existing infrastructure and helps define the optimal user experience, improve business processes, refine existing staffing models and deploy technology to meet branch and store automation objectives. Revenue from professional services are recognized over time, because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance as the services are performed or when the Company’s performance creates an asset with no alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Generally revenue will be recognized using an input measure, typically costs incurred. The typical contract length for service is generally one year and is billed and paid in advance except for installations, among others.

Services may be sold separately or in bundled packages. For bundled packages, the Company accounts for individual services separately if they are distinct. A distinct service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The consideration (including any discounts) is allocated between separate services or distinct obligations in a bundle based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the products or services. For items that are not sold separately, the Company estimates stand-alone selling prices using the cost plus expected margin approach. Revenue on service contracts is recognized ratably over time, generally using an input measure, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the Company’s performance as the services are performed. In some circumstances, when global service supply chain services are not included in a term contract and rather billed as they occur, revenue on these billed work services are recognized at a point in time as transfer of control occurs.

The following is a description of principal solutions offered within the Company's two main customer segments that generate the Company's revenue.

Banking

Products. Products for banking customers consist of cash recyclers and dispensers, intelligent deposit terminals, teller automation tools and kiosk technologies, as well as physical security solutions. The Company provides its banking customers front-end applications for consumer connection points and back-end platforms that manage channel transactions, operations and integration and facilitate omnichannel transactions, endpoint monitoring, remote asset management, customer marketing, merchandise management and analytics. These offerings include highly configurable, API enabled software that automates legacy banking transactions across channels.

Services. The Company provides its banking customers product-related services, which include proactive monitoring and rapid resolution of incidents through remote service capabilities or an on-site visit. First and second line maintenance, preventive maintenance and on-demand services keep the distributed assets of the Company's customers up and running through a standardized incident management process. Managed services and outsourcing consists of the end-to-end business processes, solution management, upgrades and transaction processing. The Company also provides a full array of cash management services, which optimizes the availability and cost of physical currency across the enterprise through efficient forecasting, inventory and replenishment processes.

Retail

Products. The retail product portfolio includes modular, integrated and mobile POS and SCO terminals that meet evolving automation and omnichannel requirements of consumers. Supplementing the POS system is a broad range of peripherals, including printers, scales and mobile scanners, as well as the cash management portfolio which offers a wide range of banknote and coin processing systems. Also in the portfolio, the Company provides SCO terminals and ordering kiosks which facilitate an efficient and user-friendly purchasing experience. The Company’s hybrid product line can alternate from an attended operator to self-checkout with the press of a button as traffic conditions warrant throughout the business day.

The Company's platform software is installed within retail data centers to facilitate omnichannel transactions, endpoint monitoring, remote asset management, customer marketing, merchandise management and analytics.

Services. The Company provides its retail customers product-related services which include on-demand services and professional services. Diebold Nixdorf AllConnect Services for retailers include maintenance and availability services to continuously improve retail self-service fleet availability and performance. These include: total implementation services to support both current and new store concepts; managed mobility services to centralize asset management and ensure effective, tailored mobile capability; monitoring and advanced analytics providing operational insights to support new growth opportunities; and store life-cycle management to proactively monitors store IT endpoints and enable improved management of internal and external suppliers and delivery organizations.

Refer to note 20 for additional information regarding the Company's reportable operating segments, disaggregation of net sales by segments and product solutions, net sales by geographical region and disaggregation by timing of revenue recognition.

Contract balances

The following table provides 2019 and 2018 information about receivables and deferred revenue, which represent contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

	2019				2018
Contract balance information	Trade Receivables		Contract liabilities		Trade Receivables		Contract liabilities
Balance at January 1	$	737.2	$	378.2	$	827.9	$	436.5
Balance at December 31	$	619.3	$	320.5	$	737.2	$	378.2

Contract assets are minimal for the periods presented. The amount of revenue recognized in 2019 and 2018 from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, mainly due to the changes in the estimate of variable consideration and contract modifications was de minimis. There have been $24.4 and $22.8 during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of impairment losses recognized as bad debt related to receivables or contract assets arising from the Company's contracts with customers.

As of January 1, 2019, the Company had $378.2 of unrecognized deferred revenue constituting the remaining performance obligations that are either unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied). During 2019, the Company recognized revenue of $314.0 related to the Company's deferred revenue balance at January 1, 2019.

Contract assets are the rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets of the Company primarily relate to the Company's rights to consideration for goods shipped and services provided but not contractually billable at the reporting date.

The contract assets are reclassified into the receivables balance when the rights to receive payment become unconditional. Contract liabilities are recorded for any services billed to customers and not yet recognizable if the contract period has commenced or for the amount collected from customers in advance of the contract period commencing. In addition, contract liabilities are recorded as advanced payments for products and other deliverables that are billed to and collected from customers prior to revenue being recognizable.

Transaction price and variable consideration

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. This consideration can include fixed and variable amounts and is determined at contract inception and updated each reporting period for any changes in circumstances. The transaction price also considers variable consideration, time value of money and the measurement of any non-cash consideration, all of which are estimated at contract inception and updated at each reporting date for any changes in circumstances. Once the variable consideration is identified, the Company estimates the amount of the variable consideration to include in the transaction price by using one of two methods, expected value (probability weighted methodology) or most likely amount (when there are only two possible outcomes). The Company chooses the method expected to better predict the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled and applies the method consistently to similar contracts. Generally, the Company applies the expected value method when assessing variable consideration including returns and refunds.

The Company also applies the ‘as invoiced’ practical expedient in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) paragraph 606-10-55-18 related to performance obligations satisfied over time, which permits the Company to recognize revenue in the amount to which it has a right to invoice the customer if that amount corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance completed to date. Service revenues that are recognized ratably are primarily contracts that include first and second line maintenance. Service revenues that are recognized using input measures include primarily preventative maintenance. The ‘as invoiced’ practical expedient relates to the on-demand service revenue which is generally not under contract.

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $1,700. The Company generally expects to recognize revenue on the remaining performance obligations over the

next twelve months. The Company enters into service agreements with cancellable terms after a certain period without penalty. Unsatisfied obligations reflect only the obligation during the initial term. The Company applies the practical expedient in ASC paragraph 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.

Cost to obtain and cost to fulfill a contract

The Company has minimal cost to obtain or fulfill contracts for customers for the periods presented. The Company pays commissions to the sales force based on multiple factors including but not limited to order entry, revenue recognition and portfolio growth. These incremental commission fees paid to the sales force meet the criteria to be considered a cost to obtain a contract, as they are directly attributable to a contract, incremental and management expects the fees are recoverable. The Company applies the practical expedient and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. The costs that are not capitalized are included in cost of sales. The costs related to contracts with greater than a one-year term are immaterial and continue to be recognized in cost of sales.

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales. The Company has minimal cost for shipping and handling costs for the periods presented.

Cost of Sales. Cost of services sales primarily consists of fuel, parts and labor and benefits costs related to installation of products and service maintenance contracts, including call center costs as well as costs for service parts repair centers. Cost of products sales is primarily comprised of direct materials and supplies consumed in the manufacturing and distribution of products, as well as related labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expense necessary to acquire and convert the purchased materials and supplies into finished products. Cost of products sales also includes the cost to distribute products to customers, inbound freight costs, internal transfer costs, warehousing costs and other shipping and handling activity.

Property, plant and equipment and long-lived assets. Property, plant and equipment and long-lived assets are recorded at historical cost, including interest where applicable.

Impairment of property, plant and equipment and long-lived assets is recognized when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If the expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized at that time to reduce the asset to the lower of its fair value or its net book value.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful life for each asset class. Amortization of leasehold improvements is based upon the shorter of original terms of the lease or life of the improvement. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Generally, amortization of the Company’s other long-term assets, such as intangible assets and capitalized computer software, is computed using the straight-line method over the life of the asset. Certain acquired technology assets utilize a double-declining method.

Fully depreciated assets are retained until disposal. Upon disposal, assets and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and the net amount, less proceeds from disposal, is charged or credited to operations.

Advertising Costs. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $7.5, $10.1 and $11.0 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Research, Development and Engineering. Research, development and engineering costs are expensed as incurred and were $147.1, $157.4 and $155.5 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Costs. The Company recognizes shipping and handling fees billed when products are shipped or delivered to a customer and includes such amounts in net sales. Third-party freight payments are recorded in cost of sales.

Taxes on Income. Deferred taxes are provided on an asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, operating loss carry-forwards and tax credits. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences and undistributed earnings in certain tax jurisdictions. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Determination of a valuation allowance involves estimates regarding the timing and amount of the reversal of taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income and the impact of tax planning strategies. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company regularly assesses its position with regard to tax exposures and records liabilities for these uncertain tax positions

and related interest and penalties, if any, when the tax benefit is not more likely than not realizable. The Company has recorded an accrual that reflects the recognition and measurement process for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Additional future income tax expense or benefit may be recognized once the positions are effectively settled.

Sales Tax. The Company collects sales taxes from customers and accounts for sales taxes on a net basis.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. The Company considers highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company had $3.6 and $105.3 of restricted cash at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Restricted cash as of December 31, 2018, primarily related to the acquisition of the remaining shares in Diebold Nixdorf AG.

Financial Instruments. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, trade receivables and accounts payable approximated their fair value because of the relatively short maturity of these instruments. The Company’s risk-management strategy utilizes derivative financial instruments such as forwards to hedge certain foreign currency exposures and interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk. The intent is to offset gains and losses that occur on the underlying exposures, with gains and losses on the derivative contracts hedging these exposures. The Company does not enter into derivatives for trading purposes. The Company recognizes all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair values of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized in earnings. If the derivative is designated and qualifies as a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are either offset against the change in the hedged assets or liabilities through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings.

Fair Value. The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities using one or more of the following three valuation techniques:

Valuation technique	Description
Market approach	Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.
Cost approach	Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).
Income approach	Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based upon market expectations.

The hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value is divided into three levels:

Fair value level	Description
Level 1	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair value of investments categorized as level 1 are determined based on period end closing prices in active markets. Mutual funds are valued at their net asset value (NAV) on the last day of the period.
Level 2	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly. Fair value of investments categorized as level 2 are determined based on the latest available ask price or latest trade price if listed. The fair value of unlisted securities is established by fund managers using the latest reported information for comparable securities and financial analysis. If the manager believes the fund is not capable of immediately realizing the fair value otherwise determined, the manager has the discretion to determine an appropriate value. Common collective trusts are valued at NAV on the last day of the period.
Level 3	Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data.
NAV	Fair value of investments categorized as NAV represent the plan’s interest in private equity, hedge and property funds. The fair value for these assets is determined based on the NAV as reported by the underlying investment managers.

A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company uses the end of the period when determining the timing of transfers between levels.

Short-Term Investments The Company has investments in certificates of deposit that are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.

Assets Held in Rabbi Trusts / Deferred Compensation The fair value of the assets held in rabbi trusts (refer to note 7 and note15) is derived from investments in a mix of money market, fixed income and equity funds managed by Bank of America/Merrill Lynch. The related deferred compensation liability is recorded at fair value.

Foreign Exchange Contracts The valuation of foreign exchange forward and option contracts is determined using valuation techniques, including option models tailored for currency derivatives. These contracts are valued using the market approach based on observable market inputs. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including spot rates, foreign currency forward rates, the interest rate curve of the domestic currency, and foreign currency volatility for the given currency pair.

Forward Contracts A substantial portion of the Company’s operations and revenues are international. As a result, changes in foreign exchange rates can create substantial foreign exchange gains and losses from the revaluation of non-functional currency monetary assets and liabilities.

Option Contracts A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying security at any time during the option period. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer of the option the obligation to sell, the underlying security at any time during the option period. The gain or loss on these non-designated derivative instruments is reflected in other income (expense) miscellaneous, net in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Interest Rate Swaps The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Carrying Value The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable, approximates the carrying value due to the relative short maturity of these instruments.

Refer to note 18 for further details of assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurement.

Trade Receivables. The Company evaluates the collectability of trade receivables based on a percentage of sales related to historical loss experience and current trends. The Company will also record periodic adjustments for known events such as specific customer circumstances and changes in the aging of accounts receivable balances. After all efforts at collection have been unsuccessful, the account is deemed uncollectible and is written off.

Financing Receivables. The Company evaluates the collectability of notes and finance lease receivables (collectively, financing receivables) on a customer-by-customer basis and evaluates specific customer circumstances, aging of invoices, credit risk changes and payment patterns and historical loss experience. When the collectability is determined to be at risk based on the above criteria, the Company records the allowance for credit losses, which represents the Company’s current exposure less estimated reimbursement from insurance claims. After all efforts at collection have been unsuccessful, the account is deemed uncollectible and is written off.

Inventories. The Company primarily values inventories using average or standard costing utilizing lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company identifies and writes down its excess and obsolete inventories to net realizable value based on usage forecasts, order volume and inventory aging. With the development of new products, the Company also rationalizes its product offerings and will write-down discontinued product to the lower of cost or net realizable value.

Deferred Revenue. Deferred revenue is recorded for any services billed to customers and not yet recognizable if the contract period has commenced or for the amount collected from customers in advance of the contract period commencing. In addition, deferred revenue is recorded for products and other deliverables that are billed to and collected from customers prior to revenue being recognizable.

Goodwill. Goodwill is the cost in excess of the net assets of acquired businesses (refer to note 8). The Company tests all existing goodwill at least annually for impairment on a reporting unit basis. The annual goodwill impairment test was performed as of October 31 for all periods presented.

The Company tests for interim impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the carrying value of a reporting unit below its reported amount. Each year, the Company may elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company

considers the following events and circumstances, among others, if applicable: (a) macroeconomic conditions such as general economic conditions, limitations on accessing capital or other developments in equity and credit markets; (b) industry and market considerations such as competition, multiples or metrics and changes in the market for the Company's products and services or regulatory and political environments; (c) cost factors such as raw materials, labor or other costs; (d) overall financial performance such as cash flows, actual and planned revenue and earnings compared with actual and projected results of relevant prior periods; (e) other relevant events such as changes in key personnel, strategy or customers; (f) changes in the composition of a reporting unit's assets or expected sales of all or a portion of a reporting unit; and (g) any sustained decrease in share price.

If the Company's qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, or if management elects to perform a quantitative assessment of goodwill, an impairment test is used to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of any impairment loss to be recognized. The Company compares the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value and recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The fair value of the reporting units is determined based upon a combination of the income valuation and market approach in valuation methodology. The income approach uses discounted estimated future cash flows, whereas the market approach or guideline public company method utilizes market data of similar publicly traded companies. The fair value of the reporting unit is defined as the price that would be received to sell the net assets or transfer the net liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the assessment date.

The techniques used in the Company's qualitative assessment incorporate a number of assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable and to reflect market conditions forecast at the assessment date. Assumptions in estimating future cash flows are subject to a high degree of judgment. The Company makes all efforts to forecast future cash flows as accurately as possible with the information available at the time the forecast is made. To this end, the Company evaluates the appropriateness of its assumptions as well as its overall forecasts by comparing projected results of upcoming years with actual results of preceding years and validating that differences therein are reasonable. Key assumptions, all of which are Level 3 inputs, relate to price trends, material costs, discount rate, customer demand and the long-term growth and foreign exchange rates. A number of benchmarks from independent industry and other economic publications were also used. Changes in assumptions and estimates after the assessment date may lead to an outcome where impairment charges would be required in future periods. Specifically, actual results may vary from the Company’s forecasts and such variations may be material and unfavorable, thereby triggering the need for future impairment tests where the conclusions may differ in reflection of prevailing market conditions.

Contingencies. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. As additional information becomes available, any potential liability related to these matters is assessed and the estimates are revised, if necessary. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

Pensions and Other Post-retirement Benefits. Annual net periodic expense and benefit liabilities under the Company’s defined benefit plans are determined on an actuarial basis. Assumptions used in the actuarial calculations have a significant impact on plan obligations and expense. Members of the management investment committee periodically review the actual experience compared with the more significant assumptions used and make adjustments to the assumptions, if warranted. The healthcare trend rates are reviewed based upon the results of actual claims experience. The discount rate is determined by analyzing the average return of high-quality (i.e., AA-rated) fixed-income investments and the year-over-year comparison of certain widely used benchmark indices as of the measurement date. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is determined using the plans’ current asset allocation and their expected rates of return based on a geometric averaging over 20 years. The rate of compensation increase assumptions reflects the Company’s long-term actual experience and future and near-term outlook. Pension benefits are funded through deposits with trustees or directly by the plan administrator. Other post-retirement benefits are not funded and the Company’s policy is to pay these benefits as they become due.

The Company recognizes the funded status of each of its plans in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of unrecognized net gain or loss resulting from experience different from that assumed and from changes in assumptions (excluding asset gains and losses not yet reflected in market-related value) is included as a component of net periodic benefit cost for a year if, as of the beginning of the year, that unrecognized net gain or loss exceeds five percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets. If amortization is required, the amortization is that excess divided by the average remaining service period of participating employees expected to receive benefits under the plan.

The Company records a curtailment when an event occurs that significantly reduces the expected years of future service or eliminates the accrual of defined benefits for the future services of a significant number of employees. A curtailment gain is recorded when the employees who are entitled to the benefits terminate their employment; a curtailment loss is recorded when it becomes probable a loss will occur. Upon a settlement, the Company recognizes the proportionate amount of the unamortized gains and losses if the cost of all settlements during the year exceeds the interest component of net periodic cost for the affected plan. Expense from curtailments and settlements is recorded in selling and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

Noncontrolling Interests and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests. Noncontrolling interests represent the portion of profit or loss, net assets and comprehensive income that is not allocable to the Company. During 2018 and 2017, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests primarily represented guaranteed dividends that the Company was obligated to pay to the noncontrolling shareholders of Diebold Nixdorf AG.

Noncontrolling interests with redemption features, such as put rights, that are not solely within the Company’s control are considered redeemable noncontrolling interests. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are presented outside of equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The balance of redeemable noncontrolling interests is reported at the greater of its carrying value or its maximum redemption value at each reporting date. Refer to note 12 for more information.

Acquired redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at fair value by applying the income approach using unobservable inputs for projected cash flows, including but not limited, to net sales and operating profit, and a discount rate, which are considered Level 3 inputs.

Related Party Transactions. The Company has certain strategic alliances that are not consolidated. The Company tests these strategic alliances annually, individually and in aggregate, to determine materiality. The Company owns 40.0 percent of Inspur (Suzhou) Financial Information Technology Co., Ltd (Inspur JV) and 43.6 percent of Aisino-Wincor Retail & Banking Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (Aisino JV) as of December 31, 2019. The Company engages in transactions in the ordinary course of business. The Company's strategic alliances are not significant subsidiaries and are accounted for under the equity method of investments. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had accounts receivable and accounts payable balances with these affiliates of $10.3 and $11.8, respectively, which is included in trade receivables, less allowances for doubtful accounts and accounts payable, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a charge of $19.2 for its investment in its Aisino strategic alliance as a result of the weakening banking market in China. The charge was included in equity in (loss) earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries, net in its consolidated statements of operations.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had a minority equity stake in Kony, which was accounted for using the cost method of accounting. In September 2019, the Company's interest in Kony was sold for cash proceeds of $21.3. The Company's carrying value in Kony was $14.0, resulting in a gain of $7.3.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

The effects of the adoption of the ASUs listed below did not significantly impact the Company's financial statements:

Standards Adopted	Description	Effective Date
ASU 2016-02, Leases	The standard requires that a lessee recognize on its balance sheet right-of-use (ROU) assets and corresponding liabilities resulting from leasing transactions, as well as additional financial statement disclosures. The Company elected the option to apply the transition requirements in ASC 842 at the effective date of January 1, 2019. The effects of initially applying ASC 842 resulted in no cumulative adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. The provisions of this update apply to substantially all leased assets.	January 1, 2019

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

The Company has considered the recent ASUs issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) summarized below, which could significantly impact its financial statements:

Standards Pending Adoption	Description	Effective/Adoption Date	Anticipated Impact
ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) -Disclosure Framework -Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement	The standard is is designed to improve the effectiveness of disclosures by removing, modifying and adding disclosures related to fair value measurements.	January 1, 2020	The Company does not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Standards Pending Adoption	Description	Effective/Adoption Date	Anticipated Impact
ASU 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606	The amendments in this update provide guidance on whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for under Topic 606.	January 1, 2020	The Company does not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses	The amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology with the current expected credit loss methodology. This will change the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded.	January 1, 2020	The Company does not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General Subtopic 715-20 - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans	The standard is designed to improve the effectiveness of disclosures by removing and adding disclosures related to defined benefit plans.	January 1, 2021	The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements. The ASU allows for early adoption in any year end after issuance of the update.
ASU 2019-01 Leases (Topic 842) Codification Improvements	The standard is designed to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing essential information about leasing transactions.	January 1, 2020	The Company does not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2019-04 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments	The standard is designed to clarify, correct, and improve various aspects of the guidance in the following ASUs related to financial instruments: ASU 2016-01 - Financial Instruments - Overal (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities, ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and ASU 2017-12 - Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements for Hedging Activities.	January 1, 2020	The Company does not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2019-10 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Leases (Topic 842) -Effective Dates	The standard modifies timing of adopting certain ASUs based on feedback obtained from stakeholders regarding the challenges of adopting.	Varies based on ASUs within 2019-10	The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes	The standard simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principals in Topic 740, Income Taxes and improves consistent application or and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance.	January 1, 2021	The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements. The ASU allows for early adoption in any year end after issuance of the update.