RESTRUCTURING

The following table summarizes the impact of the Company’s restructuring charges on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31:



	2018		2017			2016
Cost of sales - services	$	17.8	$	27.3		$	18.4
Cost of sales - products	10.8		1.9			7.1
Selling and administrative expense	33.4		21.3			28.8
Research, development and engineering expense	3.0		(1.1		)	5.1
Total	$	65.0	$	49.4		$	59.4

The following table summarizes the Company’s restructuring charges by reporting segment for the years ended December 31:



	2018		2017		2016
Severance
Eurasia Banking	$	37.1	$	24.6	$	33.2
Americas Banking	8.9		4.2		13.8
Retail	13.3		14.8		0.7
Corporate	5.7		5.8		11.7
Total	$	65.0	$	49.4	$	59.4

DN Now

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company began implementing DN Now to deliver greater, more sustainable profitability. The plan is anticipating savings of approximately $160 for 2019, of which $130 is related to the restructuring actions in connection with the new customer centric operating model with clear role charters and a global workforce aligned with market demand and the remainder is related to other initiatives. Additional near term activities include divesting of non-core and/or non-accretive businesses, initiating a services modernization plan and rationalizing of the Company's product portfolio. The Company incurred restructuring charges of $58.9 for the year ended December 31, 2018 related to DN Now. The Company anticipates additional restructuring costs of approximately $175 to $200 through the end of the plan primarily related to severance anticipated for completion of the Company's transformation throughout the three solution segments and corporate.

Completed Plans

DN2020 Plan. As of August 15, 2016, the date of the Acquisition, the Company launched a multi-year integration and transformation program, known as DN2020. The Company incurred restructuring charges primarily related to severance of $6.0, $47.0 and $42.8 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to this plan.

Strategic Alliance Plan. On November 10, 2016, the Company entered into a strategic alliance with the Inspur Group, a Chinese cloud computing and data center company, to develop, manufacture and distribute Systems solutions in China. The Company incurred restructuring charges of $0.1, $2.4 and $5.7 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to this plan.

Delta Program. At the beginning of the 2015, Diebold Nixdorf AG initiated the Delta Program related to restructuring and realignment. As of August 15, 2016, the date of the acquisition of Diebold Nixdorf AG, the restructuring accrual balance acquired was $45.5 and consisted of severance activities. During the third quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a measurement period adjustment of $8.2 to the acquired restructuring accrual resulting in a $37.3 final fair value. The Company incurred restructuring charges of $3.2 for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to this plan.

Multi-Year Transformation Plan. During the first quarter of 2013, the Company announced a multi-year transformation plan. Restructuring charges of $7.7 were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2016. The multi-year transformation plan incurred cumulative total restructuring costs of $105.0 and $3.5 related to severance and other costs, respectively, and was considered complete as of December 31, 2016.

The following table summarizes the Company's cumulative total restructuring costs from continuing operations as of December 31, 2018 for the respective plans:



	Severance
	DN Now		DN2020 Plan		Delta Program		Strategic Alliance		Total
Eurasia Banking	$	33.3	$	51.5	$	0.5	$	8.2	$	93.5
Americas Banking	8.6		13.6		0.2		—		22.4
Retail	12.5		15.6		0.7		—		28.8
Corporate	4.5		15.1		1.8		—		21.4
Total	$	58.9	$	95.8	$	3.2	$	8.2	$	166.1

The following table summarizes the Company’s restructuring accrual balances and related activity:



Balance at January 1, 2016	$	4.7
Liabilities incurred	59.4
Liabilities acquired	45.5
Liabilities paid/settled	(19.7		)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	89.9
Liabilities incurred	49.4
Liabilities acquired	(8.2		)
Liabilities paid/settled	(77.1		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	54.0
Liabilities incurred	65.0
Liabilities paid/settled	(62.1		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	56.9