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Fair Value Measurements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Corporation utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The determination of fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. In cases where quoted market values in an active market are not available, the Corporation uses present value techniques and other valuation methods to estimate the fair values of its financial instruments. These valuation methods require considerable judgment and the resulting estimates of fair value can be significantly affected by the assumptions made and methods used.
Fair value is an estimate of the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction (i.e., not a forced transaction, such as a liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date. However, the calculated fair value estimates in many instances cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realizable in a current sale of the financial instrument.
Trading securities, investment securities available-for-sale, derivatives and deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Corporation may be required to record other assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans, other real estate (primarily foreclosed property), nonmarketable equity securities and certain other assets and liabilities. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve write-downs of individual assets or application of lower of cost or fair value accounting.
The Corporation categorizes assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis and the estimated fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis into a three-level hierarchy, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.
 
Level 1
 
Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
 
 
 
 
 
Level 2
 
Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
 
 
 
 
 
Level 3
 
Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
The Corporation generally utilizes third-party pricing services to value Level 1 and Level 2 trading securities and investment securities available-for-sale, as well as certain derivatives designated as fair value hedges. Management reviews the methodologies and assumptions used by the third-party pricing services and evaluates the values provided, principally by comparison with other available market quotes for similar instruments and/or analysis based on internal models using available third-party market data. The Corporation may occasionally adjust certain values provided by the third-party pricing service when management believes, as the result of its review, that the adjusted price most appropriately reflects the fair value of the particular security.
Following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies and key inputs used to measure financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, as well as a description of the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value disclosures for financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis. The descriptions include an indication of the level of the fair value hierarchy in which the assets or liabilities are classified. Transfers of assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the beginning of the reporting period, when applicable.
Cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks
Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amount of these instruments approximates the estimated fair value. As such, the Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of these instruments as Level 1.
Trading securities and associated deferred compensation plan liabilities
Trading securities include securities held for trading purposes as well as assets held related to employee deferred compensation plans. Trading securities and associated deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and included in “other short-term investments” and “accrued expenses and other liabilities,” respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. Level 1 trading securities include assets related to employee deferred compensation plans, which are invested in mutual funds, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and other securities traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Deferred compensation plan liabilities represent the fair value of the obligation to the employee, which corresponds to the fair value of the invested assets. Level 2 trading securities include municipal bonds and residential mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and corporate debt securities. The methods used to value trading securities are the same as the methods used to value investment securities available-for-sale, discussed below.
Loans held-for-sale
Loans held-for-sale, included in “other short-term investments” on the consolidated balance sheets, are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. Loans held-for-sale may be carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when fair value is less than cost. The fair value is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics. As such, the Corporation classifies both loans held-for-sale subjected to nonrecurring fair value adjustments and the estimated fair value of loans held-for sale as Level 2.
Investment securities available-for-sale
Investment securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include residential mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored entities and corporate debt securities. The fair value of Level 2 securities was determined using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or pricing models based on observable market data inputs, primarily interest rates, spreads and prepayment information.
Securities classified as Level 3 represent securities in less liquid markets requiring significant management assumptions when determining fair value. Auction-rate securities comprise Level 3 investment securities available-for-sale. Due to the lack of a robust secondary auction-rate securities market with active fair value indicators, fair value for all periods presented was determined using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow model. The discounted cash flow model utilizes two significant inputs: discount rate and workout period. The discount rate was calculated using credit spreads of the underlying collateral or similar securities plus a liquidity risk premium. The liquidity risk premium was derived from the rate at which various types of similar auction-rate securities had been redeemed or sold. The workout period was based on an assessment of publicly available information on efforts to re-establish functioning markets for these securities and the Corporation's own redemption experience. Significant increases in any of these inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value. The Corporate Development Department, with appropriate oversight and approval provided by senior management, is responsible for determining the valuation methodology for auction-rate securities and for updating significant inputs based on changes to the factors discussed above. Valuation results, including an analysis of changes to the valuation methodology and significant inputs, are provided to senior management for review on a quarterly basis.
Loans
The Corporation does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, the Corporation may establish a specific allowance for an impaired loan based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Such loan values are reported as nonrecurring fair value measurements. Collateral values supporting individually evaluated impaired loans are evaluated quarterly. When management determines that the fair value of the collateral requires additional adjustments, either as a result of non-current appraisal value or when there is no observable market price, the Corporation classifies the impaired loan as Level 3. The Special Assets Group is responsible for performing quarterly credit quality reviews for all impaired loans as part of the quarterly allowance for loan losses process overseen by the Chief Credit Officer, during which valuation adjustments to updated collateral values are determined.
The Corporation discloses fair value estimates for loans. The estimated fair value is determined based on characteristics such as loan category, repricing features and remaining maturity, and includes prepayment and credit loss estimates. For variable rate business loans that reprice frequently, the estimated fair value is based on carrying values adjusted for estimated credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. For other business loans and retail loans, fair values are estimated using a discounted cash flow model that employs a discount rate that reflects the Corporation's current pricing for loans with similar characteristics and remaining maturity, adjusted by an amount for estimated credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The rates take into account the expected yield curve, as well as an adjustment for prepayment risk, when applicable. The Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of loans held for investment as Level 3.
Customers’ liability on acceptances outstanding and acceptances outstanding
Customers' liability on acceptances outstanding is included in "accrued income and other assets" and acceptances outstanding are included in "accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amount of these instruments approximates the estimated fair value. As such, the Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of these instruments as Level 1.
Derivative assets and derivative liabilities
Derivative instruments held or issued for risk management or customer-initiated activities are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. Fair value for over-the-counter derivative instruments is measured on a recurring basis using internally developed models that use primarily market observable inputs, such as yield curves and option volatilities. The Corporation manages credit risk on its derivative positions based on whether the derivatives are being settled through a clearinghouse or bilaterally with each counterparty. For derivative positions settled on a counterparty-by-counterparty basis, the Corporation calculates credit valuation adjustments, included in the fair value of these instruments, on the basis of its relationships at the counterparty portfolio/master netting agreement level. These credit valuation adjustments are determined by applying a credit spread for the counterparty or the Corporation, as appropriate, to the total expected exposure of the derivative after considering collateral and other master netting arrangements. These adjustments, which are considered Level 3 inputs, are based on estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default. The Corporation assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Corporation classifies its over-the-counter derivative valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Examples of Level 2 derivative instruments are interest rate swaps and energy derivative and foreign exchange contracts.
Warrants which contain a net exercise provision or a non-contingent put right embedded in the warrant agreement are accounted for as derivatives and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis using a Black-Scholes valuation model. The Black-Scholes valuation model utilizes five inputs: risk-free rate, expected life, volatility, exercise price, and the per share market value of the underlying company. The Corporation holds a portfolio of warrants for generally nonmarketable equity securities with a fair value of $4 million at June 30, 2014, included in "accrued income and other assets" on the consolidated balance sheets. These warrants are primarily from non-public technology companies obtained as part of the loan origination process. The Corporate Development Department is responsible for the warrant valuation process, which includes reviewing all significant inputs for reasonableness, and for providing valuation results to senior management. Increases in any of these inputs in isolation, with the exception of exercise price, would result in a higher fair value. Increases in exercise price in isolation would result in a lower fair value. The Corporation classifies warrants accounted for as derivatives as Level 3.
The Corporation also holds a derivative contract associated with the 2008 sale of its remaining ownership of Visa Inc. (Visa) Class B shares. Under the terms of the derivative contract, the Corporation will compensate the counterparty primarily for dilutive adjustments made to the conversion factor of the Visa Class B to Class A shares based on the ultimate outcome of litigation involving Visa. Conversely, the Corporation will be compensated by the counterparty for any increase in the conversion factor from anti-dilutive adjustments. At June 30, 2014, the fair value of the contract was a liability of $2 million. The recurring fair value of the derivative contract is based on unobservable inputs consisting of management's estimate of the litigation outcome, timing of litigation settlements and payments related to the derivative. Significant increases in the estimate of litigation outcome and the timing of litigation settlements in isolation would result in a significantly higher liability fair value. Significant increases in payments related to the derivative in isolation would result in a significantly lower liability fair value. The Corporation classifies the derivative liability as Level 3.
Nonmarketable equity securities
The Corporation has a portfolio of indirect (through funds) private equity and venture capital investments with a carrying value and unfunded commitments of $12 million and $5 million, respectively, at June 30, 2014. These funds generally cannot be redeemed and the majority are not readily marketable. Distributions from these funds are received by the Corporation as a result of the liquidation of underlying investments of the funds and/or as income distributions. It is estimated that the underlying assets of the funds will be liquidated over a period of up to 16 years. Recently issued federal regulations may require the Corporation to sell certain of these funds prior to liquidation. The investments are accounted for either on the cost or equity method and are individually reviewed for impairment on a quarterly basis by comparing the carrying value to the estimated fair value. These investments may be carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be impaired and written down to fair value. Where there is not a readily determinable fair value, the Corporation estimates fair value for indirect private equity and venture capital investments based on the net asset value, as reported by the fund, after indication that the fund adheres to applicable fair value measurement guidance. For those funds where the net asset value is not reported by the fund, the Corporation derives the fair value of the fund by estimating the fair value of each underlying investment in the fund. In addition to using qualitative information about each underlying investment, as provided by the fund, the Corporation gives consideration to information pertinent to the specific nature of the debt or equity investment, such as relevant market conditions, offering prices, operating results, financial conditions, exit strategy and other qualitative information, as available. The lack of an independent source to validate fair value estimates, including the impact of future capital calls and transfer restrictions, is an inherent limitation in the valuation process. On a quarterly basis, the Corporate Development Department is responsible, with appropriate oversight and approval provided by senior management, for performing the valuation procedures and updating significant inputs, as are primarily provided by the underlying fund's management. The Corporation classifies fair value measurements of nonmarketable equity securities as Level 3. Commitments to fund additional investments in nonmarketable equity securities recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were not significant at June 30, 2014 or December 31, 2013.
The Corporation also holds restricted equity investments, primarily Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) stock. Restricted equity securities are not readily marketable and are recorded at cost (par value) in "accrued income and other assets" on the consolidated balance sheets and evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. No significant observable market data for these instruments is available. The Corporation considers the profitability and asset quality of the issuer, dividend payment history and recent redemption experience when determining the ultimate recoverability of the par value. The Corporation’s investment in FHLB stock totaled $7 million and $48 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and its investment in FRB stock totaled $85 million at both June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The Corporation believes its investments in FHLB and FRB stock are ultimately recoverable at par. Therefore, the carrying amount for these restricted equity investments approximates fair value. The Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of such investments as Level 1.
Other real estate
Other real estate is included in “accrued income and other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets and includes primarily foreclosed property. Foreclosed property is initially recorded at fair value, less costs to sell, at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequently, foreclosed property is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell. Other real estate may be carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when fair value is less than cost. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised value or management's estimate of the value of the property. The Special Assets Group obtains updated independent market prices and appraised values, as required by state regulation or deemed necessary based on market conditions, and determines if additional write-downs are necessary. On a quarterly basis, senior management reviews all other real estate and determines whether the carrying values are reasonable, based on the length of time elapsed since receipt of independent market price or appraised value and current market conditions. When management determines that the fair value of other real estate requires additional adjustments, either as a result of a non-current appraisal or when there is no observable market price, the Corporation classifies the other real estate as Level 3.
Deposit liabilities
The estimated fair value of checking, savings and certain money market deposit accounts is represented by the amounts payable on demand. The estimated fair value of term deposits is calculated by discounting the scheduled cash flows using the period-end rates offered on these instruments. As such, the Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of deposit liabilities as Level 2.
Short-term borrowings
The carrying amount of federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings approximates the estimated fair value. As such, the Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of short-term borrowings as Level 1.
Medium- and long-term debt
The carrying value of variable-rate FHLB advances approximates the estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of the Corporation's remaining variable- and fixed-rate medium- and long-term debt is based on quoted market values when available. If quoted market values are not available, the estimated fair value is based on the market values of debt with similar characteristics. The Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of medium- and long-term debt as Level 2.
Credit-related financial instruments
Credit-related financial instruments include unused commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. These instruments generate ongoing fees which are recognized over the term of the commitment. In situations where credit losses are probable, the Corporation records an allowance. The carrying value of these instruments included in "accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets, which includes the carrying value of the deferred fees plus the related allowance, approximates the estimated fair value. The Corporation classifies the estimated fair value of credit-related financial instruments as Level 3.
ASSETS AND LIABLILITIES RECORDED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
The following tables present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
(in millions)
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets
$
96

 
$
96

 
$

 
$

 
Equity and other non-debt securities
2

 
2

 

 

 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
3

 

 
3

 

 
State and municipal securities
1

 

 
1

 

 
Corporate debt securities
1

 

 
1

 

 
Total trading securities
103

 
98

 
5

 

 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities
65

 
65

 

 

 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
9,141

 

 
9,141

 

 
State and municipal securities
23

 

 

 
23

(b)
Corporate debt securities
55

 

 
54

 
1

(b)
Equity and other non-debt securities
250

 
132

 

 
118

(b)
Total investment securities available-for-sale
9,534

 
197

 
9,195

 
142

 
Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
344

 

 
344

 

 
Energy derivative contracts
153

 

 
153

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
20

 

 
20

 

 
Warrants
4

 

 

 
4

 
Total derivative assets
521

 

 
517

 
4

 
Total assets at fair value
$
10,158

 
$
295

 
$
9,717

 
$
146

 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
115

 
$

 
$
115

 
$

 
Energy derivative contracts
151

 

 
151

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
20

 

 
20

 

 
Other
2

 

 

 
2

 
Total derivative liabilities
288

 

 
286

 
2

 
Deferred compensation plan liabilities
96

 
96

 

 

 
Total liabilities at fair value
$
384

 
$
96

 
$
286

 
$
2

 
(a)
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
(b)
Auction-rate securities.
(in millions)
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets
$
96

 
$
96

 
$

 
$

 
Equity and other non-debt securities
7

 
7

 

 

 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
2

 

 
2

 

 
State and municipal securities
3

 

 
3

 

 
Total trading securities
108

 
103

 
5

 

 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities
45

 
45

 

 

 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
8,926

 

 
8,926

 

 
State and municipal securities
22

 

 

 
22

(b)
Corporate debt securities
56

 

 
55

 
1

(b)
Equity and other non-debt securities
258

 
122

 

 
136

(b)
Total investment securities available-for-sale
9,307

 
167

 
8,981

 
159

 
Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
380

 

 
380

 

 
Energy derivative contracts
105

 

 
105

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
15

 

 
15

 

 
Warrants
3

 

 

 
3

 
Total derivative assets
503

 

 
500

 
3

 
Total assets at fair value
$
9,918

 
$
270

 
$
9,486

 
$
162

 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
133

 
$

 
$
133

 
$

 
Energy derivative contracts
102

 

 
102

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
14

 

 
14

 

 
Other
2

 

 

 
2

 
Total derivative liabilities
251

 

 
249

 
2

 
Deferred compensation plan liabilities
96

 
96

 

 

 
Total liabilities at fair value
$
347

 
$
96

 
$
249

 
$
2

 
(a)
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
(b)
Auction-rate securities.
There were no transfers of assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis into or out of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements during each of the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
 
 
 
Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (Pretax)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance 
at
Beginning
of Period
 
Recorded in Earnings
Recorded in
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
 
 
Balance 
at
End of 
Period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
Realized
Unrealized
 
Sales
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$

 
$
23

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 

 
1

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
118

 

 

 
1

(b)
 
(1
)
 
118

Total investment securities
available-for-sale
142

 

 

 
1

(b)
 
(1
)
 
142

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Warrants
3

 
4

(d)

 

 
 
(3
)
 
4

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
2

 

 

 

 
 

 
2

Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$
2

(b)
 
$

 
$
25

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 

 
1

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
153

 

 

 
(7
)
(b)
 

 
146

Total investment securities
available-for-sale
177

 

 

 
(5
)
(b)
 

 
172

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Warrants
3

 

 
1

(d)

 
 
(1
)
 
3

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
1

 

 
(2
)
(c)

 
 

 
3

Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
22

 
$

 
$

 
$
1

(b)
 
$

 
$
23

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 

 
1

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
136

 
1

(c)

 
6

(b)
 
(25
)
 
118

Total investment securities
available-for-sale
159

 
1

(c)

 
7

(b)
 
(25
)
 
142

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Warrants
3

 
4

(d)
1

(d)

 
 
(4
)
 
4

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
2

 

 

 

 
 

 
2

Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$
2

(b)
 
$

 
$
25

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 

 
1

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
156

 

 

 
(6
)
(b)
 
(4
)
 
146

Total investment securities
available-for-sale
180

 

 

 
(4
)
(b)
 
(4
)
 
172

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Warrants
3

 
1

(d)
1

(d)

 
 
(2
)
 
3

Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
1

 

 
(2
)
(c)

 
 

 
3

(a)
Auction-rate securities.
(b)
Recorded in "net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale" in other comprehensive income.
(c)
Realized and unrealized gains and losses due to changes in fair value recorded in "net securities gains" on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(d)
Realized and unrealized gains and losses due to changes in fair value recorded in "other noninterest income" on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
ASSETS AND LIABILITIES RECORDED AT FAIR VALUE ON A NONRECURRING BASIS
The Corporation may be required, from time to time, to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets that are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. All assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were classified as Level 3 at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 and are presented in the following table. No liabilities were recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
(in millions)
 
Level 3
June 30, 2014
 
 
Loans:
 
 
Commercial
 
$
10

Real estate construction
 
17

Commercial mortgage
 
68

Total loans
 
95

Nonmarketable equity securities
 
1

Other real estate
 
1

Total assets at fair value
 
$
97

December 31, 2013
 
 
Loans:
 
 
Commercial
 
$
43

Real estate construction
 
20

Commercial mortgage
 
61

International
 
4

Total loans
 
128

Nonmarketable equity securities
 
2

Other real estate
 
5

Total assets at fair value
 
$
135


Level 3 assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 included loans for which a specific allowance was established based on the fair value of collateral and other real estate for which fair value of the properties was less than the cost basis. For both asset classes, the unobservable inputs were the additional adjustments applied by management to the appraised values to reflect such factors as non-current appraisals and revisions to estimated time to sell. These adjustments are determined based on qualitative judgments made by management on a case-by-case basis and are not quantifiable inputs, although they are used in the determination of fair value.
The following table presents quantitative information related to the significant unobservable inputs utilized in the Corporation's Level 3 recurring fair value measurement as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The Corporation's Level 3 recurring fair value measurements include auction-rate securities where fair value is determined using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow model. The inputs in the table below reflect management's expectation of continued illiquidity in the secondary auction-rate securities market due to a lack of market activity for the issuers remaining in the portfolio, a lack of market incentives for issuer redemptions, and the expectation for a continuing low interest rate environment. The June 30, 2014 workout periods reflect management's view that short-term interest rates could begin to rise in 2015.
 
 
 
Discounted Cash Flow Model
 
 
 
Unobservable Input
 
Fair Value
(in millions)
 
Discount Rate
 
Workout Period (in years)
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
23

 
3% - 10%
 
1 - 3.5
Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
118

 
4% - 8%
 
1 - 2.5
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
22

 
5% - 10%
 
3 - 4
Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
136

 
5% - 8%
 
2 - 3
(a)
Auction-rate securities.
ESTIMATED FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT RECORDED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
The Corporation typically holds the majority of its financial instruments until maturity and thus does not expect to realize many of the estimated fair value amounts disclosed. The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for items that are not defined as financial instruments, but which have significant value. These include such items as core deposit intangibles, the future earnings potential of significant customer relationships and the value of trust operations and other fee generating businesses. The Corporation believes the imprecision of an estimate could be significant.
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated Fair Value
(in millions)
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
1,226

 
$
1,226

 
$
1,226

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
2,668

 
2,668

 
2,668

 

 

Loans held-for-sale
6

 
6

 

 
6

 

Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses (a)
47,291

 
47,236

 

 

 
47,236

Customers’ liability on acceptances outstanding
10

 
10

 
10

 

 

Nonmarketable equity securities (b)
12

 
19

 

 

 
19

Restricted equity investments
92

 
92

 
92

 

 

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits (noninterest-bearing)
24,774

 
24,774

 

 
24,774

 

Interest-bearing deposits
24,434

 
24,434

 

 
24,434

 

Customer certificates of deposit
4,962

 
4,955

 

 
4,955

 

Total deposits
54,170

 
54,163

 

 
54,163

 

Short-term borrowings
176

 
176

 
176

 

 

Acceptances outstanding
10

 
10

 
10

 

 

Medium- and long-term debt
2,620

 
2,593

 

 
2,593

 

Credit-related financial instruments
(94
)
 
(94
)
 

 

 
(94
)
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
1,140

 
$
1,140

 
$
1,140

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
5,311

 
5,311

 
5,311

 

 

Loans held-for-sale
4

 
4

 

 
4

 

Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses (a)
44,872

 
44,801

 

 

 
44,801

Customers’ liability on acceptances outstanding
11

 
11

 
11

 

 

Nonmarketable equity securities (b)
12

 
19

 

 

 
19

Restricted equity investments
133

 
133

 
133

 

 

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits (noninterest-bearing)
23,875

 
23,875

 

 
23,875

 

Interest-bearing deposits
24,354

 
24,354

 

 
24,354

 

Customer certificates of deposit
5,063

 
5,055

 

 
5,055

 

Total deposits
53,292

 
53,284

 

 
53,284

 

Short-term borrowings
253

 
253

 
253

 

 

Acceptances outstanding
11

 
11

 
11

 

 

Medium- and long-term debt
3,543

 
3,540

 

 
3,540

 

Credit-related financial instruments
(88
)
 
(88
)
 

 

 
(88
)
(a)
Included $95 million and $128 million of impaired loans recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(b)
Included $1 million and $2 million of nonmarketable equity securities recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.