Restructuring and integration expense

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2021

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and integration expense consists of costs related to the consolidation and migration of certain applications and processes, including our financial and sales management systems. It also includes costs related to the integration of acquired businesses into our systems and processes. These costs consist primarily of information technology consulting, project management services and internal labor, as well as other costs associated with our initiatives, such as training, travel and relocation and costs associated with facility closures. In addition, we recorded employee severance costs related to these initiatives, as well as our ongoing cost reduction initiatives across functional areas. We are currently pursuing several initiatives designed to focus on our growth strategy and to increase our efficiency. Restructuring and integration expense is not allocated to our reportable business segments.

Restructuring and integration expense is reflected on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) as follows:


	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Total cost of revenue	$	615	$	28	$	1,514	$	857
Operating expenses	11,364		20,354		25,677		38,008
Restructuring and integration expense	$	11,979	$	20,382	$	27,191	$	38,865

Restructuring and integration expense for each period was comprised of the following:


	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
External consulting fees	$	5,540	$	11,337	$	12,923	$	22,238
Internal labor	2,480		1,128		4,520		2,981
Employee severance benefits	1,018		5,035		1,875		10,118
Other	2,941		2,882		7,873		3,528
Restructuring and integration expense	$	11,979	$	20,382	$	27,191	$	38,865

Our restructuring and integration accruals are included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and represent expected cash payments required to satisfy the remaining severance obligations to those employees already terminated and those expected to be terminated under our various initiatives. The majority of the employee reductions are expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2021, and we expect most of the related severance payments to be paid by the end of 2021, utilizing cash from operations.

Changes in our restructuring and integration accruals were as follows:


(in thousands)	Employee severance benefits
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	6,798
Charges	3,127
Reversals	(1,252)
Payments	(6,193)
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	2,480

The charges and reversals presented in the rollforward of our restructuring and integration accruals do not include items charged directly to expense as incurred, as those items are not reflected in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.