Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 28, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Our shareholders approved the 2014 Omnibus Stock Plan (the “2014 Stock Plan”) at our annual meeting of shareholders on May 20, 2014. The 2014 Stock Plan replaced the expired 2004 Omnibus Stock Plan (the “2004 plan”) previously approved by the shareholders in 2004. The 2014 Stock Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and has a term of ten years. All directors of the Company and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the 2014 Stock Plan. The 2014 Stock Plan (similar to the 2004 plan) continues the maintenance of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as well as provisions for the grant of stock options and other stock-based incentives. The 2014 Stock Plan provides for the grant of five percent of the number of the Company’s common shares outstanding as of the first day of each fiscal year plus the number of common shares that were available for grant of awards, but not granted, in prior years. In no event, however, may the number of common shares available for the grant of awards in any fiscal year exceed ten percent of the common shares outstanding as of the first day of that fiscal year. Common shares subject to an award that is forfeited, terminated, or canceled without having been exercised are generally added back to the number of shares available for grant under the 2014 Stock Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense under all share-based payment plans -- our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, stock option plans, stock-settled stock appreciation rights ("SSARs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") -- was included in the results of operations as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
Compensation expense, all share-based payment plans	$	745	$	753

Stock-based compensation consisted of the following:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan--Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, all full-time employees with one year of service are eligible to purchase, through payroll deduction, common shares. Employee purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan are at 85% of the fair market value of the common shares--a 15% discount. We recognize compensation costs as payroll deductions are made. The 15% discount of total shares purchased under the plan resulted in compensation cost of $342 being recognized for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and $276 for the three months ended March 30, 2019.

Stock Option Plans--The stock options outstanding were awarded under a graded vesting schedule, measured at fair value, and have a term of ten years. Compensation costs for stock options are recognized over the requisite service period on the straight-line recognition method. Compensation cost recognized for stock options was $126 for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and $149 for the three months ended March 30, 2019.

Stock-Settled Stock Appreciation Rights-- A SSAR is an award that allows the recipient to receive common shares equal to the appreciation in the fair market value of our common shares between the date the award was granted and the conversion date of the shares vested. Effective January 1, 2019, management and the Compensation Committee replaced the issuance of future SSARs with performance-based restricted stock units ("PRSUs") for certain management employees.

The following table summarizes our SSARs as of March 28, 2020.



Stock-Settled Stock Appreciation Rights	Number of Rights		Weighted- Average Award Date Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Unrecognized Compensation Cost		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Unvested, January 1, 2020	262,705		$	3.47
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	(2,254	)	3.53
Vested	(113,757	)	3.31
Unvested, March 28, 2020	146,694		$	3.59	1.6 years	$	462	$	3,550

Compensation costs for SSARs are determined using a fair-value method and amortized over the requisite service period. Compensation expense for SSARs was $61 for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and $95 for the three months ended March 30, 2019.

Restricted Stock Units--During the three months ended March 28, 2020, the Compensation Committee awarded 86,959 PRSUs to certain management employees. The Compensation Committee made similar awards in prior periods. The awards vest over specified periods. The following table summarizes PRSUs and RSUs as of March 28, 2020.



Restricted Stock Units	Number of Stock Units		Weighted- Average Grant Date Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Unrecognized Compensation Cost		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Unvested, January 1, 2020	224,259		$	17.11
Granted	86,959		23.72
Forfeited	(1,871	)	17.37
Vested	(49,518	)	14.54
Unvested, March 28, 2020	259,829		$	19.81	3.0 years	$	3,444	$	6,288
Employee PRSUs	228,407		$	19.92	3.5 years	$	3,176	$	5,528
Nonemployee Director RSUs	31,422		$	19.01	1.1 years	$	268	$	760

Compensation cost for PRSUs and RSUs is determined using a fair-value method and amortized on the straight-line recognition method over the requisite service period. “Intrinsic value” is defined as the amount by which the fair market value of a common share exceeds the exercise price of a PRSU or an RSU. Compensation expense on PRSUs and RSUs totaled $216 for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and $233 for the three months ended March 30, 2019.

We estimated the fair value of each stock-based award on the date of grant using a binomial option-pricing model. The binomial model considers a range of assumptions related to volatility, risk-free interest rate and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities utilized in the binomial model are based on historical volatility of our stock prices and other factors. Similarly, the dividend yield is based on historical experience and expected future changes. The binomial model also incorporates exercise and forfeiture assumptions based on an analysis of historical data. The expected life of the stock-based awards is derived from the output of the binomial model and represents the period of time that awards granted are expected to be outstanding.

The fair values of stock-based awards granted were estimated at the dates of grant with the following weighted-average assumptions.



	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
Volatility rate	9.7	%	9.9	%
Risk-free interest rate	.6	%	2.5	%
Expected dividend yield	.4	%	.7	%
Expected life of awards (years)	6.2		7.4

General Stock Option Information--The following table summarizes activity under the stock option plans for the three months ended March 28, 2020.



Stock Options	Number of Options Outstanding		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, January 1, 2020	1,428,082		$	15.13
Granted	28,397		24.20
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	(7,335	)	15.34
Outstanding, March 28, 2020	1,449,144		$	15.30	5.5 years	$	12,897

Exercisable, March 28, 2020	936,457		$	13.43	4.3 years	$	10,082

As of March 28, 2020, there was approximately $1,286 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options outstanding. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.3 years. “Intrinsic value” is defined as the amount by which the market price of a common share exceeds the exercise price of an option.

Common shares are issued from treasury upon the exercise of stock options, SSARs, RSUs, PRSUs or purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.