Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income and other adjustments that relate to foreign currency translation adjustments and defined benefit pension plan adjustments. We do not provide income taxes on currency translation adjustments, as the earnings of our Canadian operations are considered to be indefinitely reinvested.

The following summarizes the components of other comprehensive income (loss) accumulated in shareholders’ equity:



	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Defined Benefit Pension Plans			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at January 1, 2016	$	(6,244	)	$	(7,150	)	$	(13,394	)
Unrealized gains (losses)	744			—			744
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—			2,844			2,844
Tax effect	—			(1,137		)	(1,137		)
Unrecognized amounts from defined benefit pension plans	—			(2,032		)	(2,032		)
Tax effect	—			813			813
Net of tax amount	744			488			1,232
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(5,500	)	$	(6,662	)	$	(12,162	)
Unrealized gains (losses)	2,195			—			2,195
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—			4,822			4,822
Tax effect	—			(1,962		)	(1,962		)
Unrecognized amounts from defined benefit pension plans	—			(2,169		)	(2,169		)
Tax effect	—			883			883
Net of tax amount	2,195			1,574			3,769
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(3,305	)	$	(5,088	)	$	(8,393	)
Unrealized gains (losses)	(2,514		)	—			(2,514		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—			6,291			6,291
Tax effect	—			(145		)	(145		)
Unrecognized amounts from defined benefit pension plans	—			(279		)	(279		)
Tax effect	—			6			6
Net of tax amount	(2,514		)	5,873			3,359
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(5,819	)	$	785		$	(5,034	)

The amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to defined benefit pension plans for 2018, 2017 and 2016 are included in net periodic pension expense classified in the statement of operations as general and administrative or other income (expense).