-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, RQe0KKUr7aiJd358Kt9IG/TMdtx3a224lVOyTr9Fz8JG4EEIlQ6LfVbpGYs3x8Lh /RgrjLSz7iJTi+0qZuOnnQ== 0000277638-08-000012.txt : 20080314 0000277638-08-000012.hdr.sgml : 20080314 20080313173641 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000277638-08-000012 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20071231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20080314 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20080313 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000277638 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: AGRICULTURE SERVICES [0700] IRS NUMBER: 340176110 STATE OF INCORPORATION: OH FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-11917 FILM NUMBER: 08687124 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1500 N MANTUA ST STREET 2: P O BOX 5193 CITY: KENT STATE: OH ZIP: 44240-5193 BUSINESS PHONE: 3306739511 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1500 NORTH MANTUA STREET STREET 2: P O BOX 5193 CITY: KENT STATE: OH ZIP: 44240-5193 10-K 1 mar0710k.htm FORM 10-K DECEMBER 31, 2007 mar0710k.htm
 



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

S  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

OR

  £  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________
 
Commission file number 000-11917



THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio
34-0176110
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1500 North Mantua Street
P.O. Box 5193
Kent, Ohio 44240
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(330) 673-9511
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Shares, $1.00 par value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act).  Yes £  No S

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.  Yes £  No S

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes S  No £

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. S

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):  Large Accelerated Filer £     Accelerated Filer S     Non-Accelerated Filer £     Smaller Reporting Company £

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes £  No S

There were 7,288,951 Common Shares outstanding as of March 3, 2008.  The aggregate market value of the Common Shares held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of June 29, 2007 was $165,347,703.  For purposes of this calculation, it is assumed that the registrant's affiliates include the registrant's Board of Directors and its executive officers.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on May 20, 2008 are incorporated by reference into Part III (to be filed).
 

 


 
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This annual report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements (within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) in "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Item 7A - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," and elsewhere.  These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance.  In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.  These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry's actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from what is expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements.  Some important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include:

§  
Our business, other than tree services to utility customers, is highly seasonal and weather dependent.

§  
Significant customers, particularly utilities, may experience financial difficulties, resulting in payment delays or delinquencies.

§  
The seasonal nature of our business and changes in general and local economic conditions, among other factors, may cause our quarterly results to fluctuate, and our prior performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.

§  
Significant increases in fuel prices for extended periods of time will increase our operating expenses.

§  
We have significant contracts with our utility, commercial and government customers that include liability risk exposure as part of those contracts. Consequently, we have substantial insurance, and increases in the cost of obtaining adequate insurance, or the inadequacy of our self-insurance accruals or insurance coverages, could negatively impact our liquidity.

§  
Because no public market exists for our common shares, the ability of shareholders to sell their common shares is limited.

§  
We are subject to intense competition.

§  
Our failure to comply with environmental laws could result in significant liabilities, fines and/or penalties.

§  
We may encounter difficulties obtaining surety bonds or letters of credit necessary to support our operations.

§  
We are dependent, in part, on our reputation of quality, integrity and performance.  If our reputation is damaged, we may be adversely affected.

§  
We may be unable to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees for our field operations, and we may be unable to attract and retain qualified management personnel.

§  
Our facilities could be damaged or our operations could be disrupted, or our customers or vendors may be adversely affected, by events such as natural disasters, pandemics, terrorist attacks or other external events.

§  
We may become subject to claims and litigation that may have an adverse effect on us.

§  
We may misjudge a competitive bid and be contractually bound to an unprofitable contract.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.  We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this annual report on Form 10-K to conform these statements to actual future results.


 
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THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2007
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
   
 
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27
   
 
29
29
29
30
30
   
 
30
   
31
   
32

“We”, “Us”, “Our”, “Davey” and “Davey Tree” unless the context otherwise requires, means The Davey Tree Expert Company and its subsidiaries.







General

The Davey Tree Expert Company, which was founded in 1880 and incorporated in 1909, and its subsidiaries ("we" or "us") have two primary operating segments which provide a variety of horticultural services to our customers throughout the United States and Canada.

Our Residential and Commercial Services segment provides for the treatment, preservation, maintenance, cultivation, planting and removal of trees, shrubs and other plant life; its services also include the practices of landscaping, tree surgery, tree feeding, and tree spraying, as well as the application of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides.

Our Utility Services segment is principally engaged in the practice of line clearing for public utilities, including the clearing of tree growth from power lines, clearance of rights-of-way and chemical brush control.

We also provide other services related to natural resource management and consulting, urban and utility forestry research and development and environmental planning.  We also maintain research, technical support and laboratory diagnostic facilities.

Competition and Customers

Our Residential and Commercial Services group is one of the largest national tree care organizations, and competes with other national and local firms with respect to its services.  On a national level, our competition is primarily landscape construction and maintenance companies as well as residential and commercial lawn care companies.  At a local and regional level, our competition comes mainly from small, local companies which are engaged primarily in tree care and lawn services.  Our Utility Services group is the second largest organization in the industry, and competes principally with one major national competitor, as well as several smaller regional firms.

Principal methods of competition in both operating segments are customer service, marketing, image, performance and reputation.  Our program to meet our competition stresses the necessity for our employees to have and project to customers a thorough knowledge of all horticultural services provided, and utilization of modern, well-maintained equipment.  Pricing is not always a critical factor in a customer's decision with respect to Residential and Commercial Services; however, pricing is generally the principal method of competition for our Utility Services, although in most instances consideration is given to reputation and past production performance.

We provide a wide range of horticultural services to private companies, public utilities, local, state and federal agencies, and a variety of industrial, commercial and residential customers. During 2007, we had sales of approximately $52.5 million, or approximately 10% of revenues, to Pacific Gas & Electric Company (“PG&E”), one of our largest customers.

Regulation and Environment

Our facilities and operations, in common with those of the industry generally, are subject to governmental regulations designed to protect the environment.  This is particularly important with respect to our services regarding insect and disease control, because these services involve to a considerable degree the blending and application of spray materials, which require formal licensing in most areas. Constant changes in environmental conditions, environmental awareness, technology and social attitudes make it necessary for us to maintain a high degree of awareness of the impact such changes have on the market for our services.  We believe that we comply in all material respects with existing federal, state and local laws regulating the use of materials in our spraying operations as well as the other aspects of our business that are subject to any such regulation.



Marketing

We solicit business from residential customers principally through referrals, direct mail programs and to a lesser extent through the placement of advertisements in national magazines and trade journals, local newspapers and "yellow pages" telephone directories.  Business from utility and commercial customers is obtained principally through negotiated contracts and competitive bidding.  We carry out all of our sales and services through our employees.  We generally do not use agents, and do not franchise our name or business.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal, primarily due to fluctuations in horticultural services provided to Residential and Commercial customers and to a lesser extent by budget constraints imposed on our Utility customers.  Because of this seasonality, we have historically incurred losses in the first quarter, while sales and earnings are generally highest in the second and third quarters of the calendar year.  Consequently, this has created heavy demands for additional working capital at various times throughout the year.  We borrow primarily against bank commitments in the form of a revolving credit facility to provide the necessary funds for our operations.  You can find more information about our bank commitments in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” on pages 16-26 of this report.

Other Factors

Due to rapid changes in equipment technology and intensity of use, we must constantly update our equipment and processes to ensure that we provide competitive services to our customers.  Also, we must continue to assure our compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

We own several trademarks including "Davey," "Davey and design," "Arbor Green Pro," "Arbor Green," "Davey Tree and design," "Davey Expert Co. and design" and "Davey and design (Canada)."  Through substantial advertising and use, we believe that these trademarks have become of value in the identification and acceptance of our products and services.

Employees

We employed approximately 5,600 employees at December 31, 2007.  However, employment levels fluctuate due to seasonal factors affecting our business.  We consider our employee relations to be good.

Domestic and Foreign Operations

We sell our services to customers in the United States and Canada.

We do not consider the risks attendant to our business with foreign customers, other than currency exchange risks, to be materially different from those attendant to our business with domestic customers.

Financial Information About Segments and Geographic Areas

Certain financial information regarding our operations by segment and geographic area is contained in Note P to our consolidated financial statements, which are included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

Access to Company Information

Davey Tree’s internet address is http://www.davey.com.  Through our internet website, by hyperlink to the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov), Davey Tree makes available, free of charge, its Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports.  Availability of the reports occurs contemporaneous with the electronic posting to the SEC’s website as the reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission.



The following documents are also made available on the Company’s website and a copy will be mailed, without charge, upon request to our Corporate Secretary:

§  
Code of Ethics
§  
Code of Ethics for Financial Matters



The factors described below represent the principal risks we face.  Except as otherwise indicated, these factors may or may not occur and we are not in a position to express a view on the likelihood of any such factor occurring.  Other factors may exist that we do not consider to be significant based on information that is currently available or that we are not currently able to anticipate.

Our business is highly seasonal and weather dependent.

Our business, other than tree services to utility customers, is highly seasonal and weather dependent, primarily due to fluctuations in horticultural services provided to Residential and Commercial customers. We have historically incurred losses in the first quarter, while revenue and operating income are generally highest in the second and third quarters of the calendar year.  Inclement weather, such as uncharacteristically low or high (drought) temperatures, in the second and third quarters could dampen the demand for our horticultural services, resulting in reduced revenues that would have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Financial difficulties or the bankruptcy of one or more of our major customers could adversely affect our results.

Our ability to collect our accounts receivable and future sales depends, in part, on the financial strength of our customers. We grant credit, generally without collateral, to our customers. Consequently, we are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and economic factors throughout the United States and Canada.  In the event customers experience financial difficulty, and particularly if bankruptcy results, our profitability may be adversely impacted by our failure to collect our accounts receivable in excess of our estimated allowance for uncollectible accounts.  Additionally, our future revenues could be reduced by the loss of a customer due to bankruptcy.  Our failure to collect accounts receivable and/or the loss of one or more major customers could have an adverse effect on our net income and financial condition.

Our business is dependent upon service to our utility customers and we may be affected by developments in the utility industry.

We derive approximately 49% of our total revenues from our Utility Services segment, including approximately 10% of our total revenues from PG&E.  Significant adverse developments in the utility industry generally, or specifically for our major utility customers, could result in pressure to reduce costs by utility industry service providers (such as us), delays in payments of our accounts receivable, or increases in uncollectible accounts receivable, among other things.  As a result, such developments could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate.

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience quarterly variations in revenues and operating income as a result of many factors, including:

§  
the seasonality of our business;
§  
the timing and volume of customers' projects;
§  
budgetary spending patterns of customers;
§  
the commencement or termination of service agreements;
§  
costs incurred to support growth internally or through acquisitions;
§  
changes in our mix of customers, contracts and business activities;
§  
fluctuations in insurance expense due to changes in claims experience and actuarial assumptions; and
§  
general and local economic conditions.


Accordingly, our operating results in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the results that you can expect for any other quarter or for the entire year.

We are subject to the risk of increased fuel costs.

The cost of fuel is a major operating expense of our business.  Significant increases in fuel prices for extended periods of time will increase our operating expenses.  An increase in cost with partial or no corresponding compensation from customers leads to lower margins that would have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

We could be negatively impacted if our self-insurance accruals or our insurance coverages prove to be inadequate.

We are generally self-insured for losses and liabilities related to workers' compensation, vehicle liability and general liability claims (including California fire-suppression claims).  A liability for unpaid claims and associated expenses, including incurred but not reported losses, is actuarially determined and reflected in our consolidated balance sheet as an accrued liability.  The determination of such claims and expenses, and the extent of the need for accrued liability, are continually reviewed and updated.  If we were to experience insurance claims or costs above our estimates and were unable to offset such increases with earnings, our business could be adversely affected.  Also, where we self-insure, a deterioration in claims management, whether by our management or by a third-party claims administrator, could lead to delays in settling claims, thereby increasing claim costs, particularly as it relates to workers’ compensation.  In addition, catastrophic uninsured claims filed against us or the inability of our insurance carriers to pay otherwise-insured claims would have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

Furthermore, many customers, particularly utilities, prefer to do business with contractors with significant financial resources, who can provide substantial insurance coverage.  Should we be unable to renew our umbrella and other commercial insurance policies at competitive rates, this loss would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Because no public market exists for our common shares, your ability to sell your common shares may be limited.

Our common shares are not traded on any national exchange, market system or over-the-counter bulletin board. Because no public market exists for our common shares, your ability to sell these shares is limited.

We are subject to intense competition.

We believe that each aspect of our business is highly competitive.  Principal methods of competition in both operating segments are customer service, marketing, image, performance and reputation. Pricing is not always a critical factor in a customer’s decision with respect to Residential and Commercial Services; however, pricing is generally the principal method of competition for our Utility Services, although in most instances consideration is given to reputation and past production performance. On a national level, our competition is primarily landscape construction and maintenance companies as well as residential and commercial lawn care companies.  At a local and regional level, our competition comes mainly from small, local companies which are engaged primarily in tree care and lawn services.  Our Utility Services group competes principally with one major national competitor, as well as several smaller regional firms.  Furthermore, competitors may have lower costs because privately-owned companies operating in a limited geographic area may have significantly lower labor and overhead costs. We cannot be certain that our competitors will not develop the expertise, experience and resources to provide services that are superior in both price and quality to our services. These strong competitive pressures could inhibit our success in bidding for profitable business.



Our failure to comply with environmental laws could result in significant liabilities.

Our facilities and operations are subject to governmental regulations designed to protect the environment, particularly with respect to our services regarding insect and disease control, because these services involve to a considerable degree the blending and application of spray materials, which require formal licensing in most areas.  Continual changes in environmental laws, regulations and licensing requirements, environmental conditions, environmental awareness, technology and social attitudes make it necessary for us to maintain a high degree of awareness of the impact such changes have on our compliance programs and the market for our services.  We believe that we comply in all material respects with existing federal, state and local laws, regulations and licensing requirements regulating the use of materials in our spraying operations as well as the other aspects of our business that are subject to any such regulation.  However, if we fail to comply with such laws, regulations or licensing requirements, we may become subject to significant liabilities, fines and/or penalties, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We may be adversely affected if we are unable to obtain necessary surety bonds or letters of credit.

Surety market conditions are currently difficult as a result of significant losses incurred by many sureties in recent periods, both in the construction industry as well as in certain larger corporate bankruptcies. As a result, less bonding capacity is available in the market and terms have become more expensive and restrictive. Further, under standard terms in the surety market, sureties issue or continue bonds on a project-by-project basis and can decline to issue bonds at any time or require the posting of collateral as a condition to issuing or renewing any bonds.  If surety providers were to limit or eliminate our access to bonding, we would need to post other forms of collateral for project performance, such as letters of credit or cash.  We may be unable to secure sufficient letters of credit on acceptable terms, or at all.  Accordingly, if we were to experience an interruption or reduction in the availability of bonding capacity, our liquidity may be adversely affected.

We may be adversely affected if our reputation is damaged.

We are dependent upon our reputation of quality, integrity and performance.  If our reputation were damaged in some way, it may impact our ability to grow or maintain our business.

We may be unable to employ a sufficient workforce for our field operations.

Our industry operates in an environment which requires heavy manual labor.  We may experience slower growth in the labor force for this type of work than in the past.  As a result, we may experience labor shortages or the need to pay more to attract and retain qualified employees.

We may be unable to attract and retain skilled management.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain key managers.  Competition for the best people can be intense and we may not be able to promote, hire or retain skilled managers.  The loss of services of one or more of our key managers could have a material adverse impact on our business because of the loss of the manager's skills, knowledge of our industry and years of industry experience, and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel.

Natural disasters, pandemics, terrorist attacks and other external events could adversely affect our business.

Natural disasters, pandemics, terrorist attacks and other adverse external events could materially damage our facilities or disrupt our operations, or damage the facilities or disrupt the operations of our customers or vendors.  The occurrence of any such event could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to claims and litigation.

From time-to-time, customers, vendors or employees may make claims and take legal action against us. Whether these claims and legal actions are founded or unfounded, if such claims and legal actions are not resolved in our favor, they may result in significant financial liability.  Any financial liability could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.  Any such claims and legal actions may also require significant management attention and may detract from management's focus on our operations.
 
 
We may be adversely affected if we enter into a major unprofitable contract.

Our Residential and Commercial Services and our Utilities Services segments frequently operate in a competitive bid contract environment.  As a result, we may misjudge a bid and be contractually bound to an unprofitable contract, which could adversely affect our results of operations.



There are no unresolved comments from the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission.



Our corporate headquarters campus is located in Kent, Ohio which, along with several other properties in the surrounding area, includes the Davey Institute's research, technical support and laboratory diagnostic facilities.

We conduct administrative functions through our headquarters and our offices in Livermore, California (Utility Services).  Our Canadian operations’ administrative functions are conducted through properties located in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia.  We believe our properties are well maintained, in good condition and suitable for our present operations.  A summary of our properties follows:

Segment
Number of Properties
How Held
Square Footage
Number of States or Provinces
         
Residential and Commercial
25
Owned
172,852
14
         
Utility
3
Owned
36,037
3
         
Residential and Commercial, and Utility
2
Owned
12,400
2
         

We also rent approximately 91 properties in 27 states and four provinces.

None of our owned or rented properties used by our business segments is individually material to our operations.



We are a party to routine litigation incidental to our business. We do not believe that this litigation, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.



No matters were submitted to a vote of our shareholders during the fourth quarter of 2007.



 
Our executive officers and their present positions and ages as of March 3, 2008 follows:
 
Name
Position
Age
     
Karl J. Warnke
President and Chief Executive Officer
56
     
David E. Adante
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
56
     
Howard D. Bowles
Senior Vice President and General Manager, Davey Tree Surgery Company
64
     
C. Kenneth Celmer
Senior Vice President and General Manager, Residential and Commercial Services
61
     
Marjorie L. Conner, Esquire
Assistant Secretary and Counsel
50
     
Patrick M. Covey
Executive Vice President - Operations
44
     
Dr. Roger C. Funk
Vice President and Chief Technical Officer
63
     
George M. Gaumer
Vice President and General Manager, Commercial Landscape Services
55
     
Fred W. Johnson
Vice President, Operations Support Services
63
     
Steven A. Marshall
Executive Vice President - Operations
56
     
Rosemary T. Nicholas
Assistant Secretary
64
     
Gordon L. Ober
Vice President - Personnel Recruiting and Development
58
     
Joseph R. Paul, CPA
Treasurer
46
     
Richard A. Ramsey
Vice President and General Manager, Canadian Operations
58
     
Nicholas R. Sucic, CPA
Vice President and Controller
61


Mr. Warnke was elected President and Chief Executive Officer, effective January 1, 2007, and elected  President and Chief Operating Officer in March 1999. Prior to that time, he served as Executive Vice President and General Manager - Utility Services, having been appointed in January 1993.  Previously, having joined the Company in 1980, Mr. Warnke performed all aspects of tree services and also held various managerial positions, including Operations Manager, Operations Support Services, Equipment and Safety functions and Operations Vice President.

Mr. Adante was elected Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary in May 1993.

Mr. Bowles was elected Senior Vice President and General Manager of Davey Tree Surgery Company in January 2000.  Prior to that time, he served as Vice President and General Manager of Davey Tree Surgery Company.

Mr. Celmer was elected Senior Vice President and General Manager - Residential and Commercial Services in January 2000.  Prior to that time, he served as Vice President and General Manager - Residential Services.

Ms. Conner was elected Assistant Secretary and Counsel in May 1998.  Prior to that time, she served as Manager of Legal and Treasury Services.


Mr. Covey was elected Executive Vice President - Operations, effective January 1, 2007, and served as Vice President and General Manager of the Davey Resource Group, having been appointed in March 2005. Prior to that time, Mr. Covey was Vice President, Southern Operations, Utility Services, having been appointed in January 2003. Previously, having joined the Company in August 1991, Mr. Covey held various managerial positions, including Manager of Systems and Process Management and Administrative Manager, Utility Services.

Dr. Funk was elected Vice President and Chief Technical Officer in June 2006, having previously been elected Vice President and General Manager, The Davey Institute in May 1996.

Mr. Gaumer was elected Vice President and General Manager of Commercial Landscape Services in March 2005.  Prior to that time, he served as Vice President of Commercial Grounds Management, having been appointed in 2001.

Mr. Johnson was elected Vice President, Operations Support Services, a corporate vice-president, in January 2003. From 1999 to January 2003, he served as Vice President of Operations Support Services.  Prior to joining us, Mr. Johnson served in various capacities, including director of operations and director of sales, at Lesco, Inc., a specialty provider of products for the professional turf care and green industry markets, from 1986 to 1999.  Prior to joining Lesco, Mr. Johnson held various management positions at TruGreen/Chemlawn, a provider of lawn care, tree and shrub services and a segment of The Servicemaster Company, from 1979 to 1986.

Mr. Marshall was elected Executive Vice President - Operations, effective January 1, 2007, and served as Vice President and General Manager of Eastern Utility Services, having been appointed in January 2003.  Prior to that time, he served as Vice President--Southern Operations, Utility Service, having been appointed in January 1997. Previously, having joined the Company in 1977, Mr. Marshall held various managerial positions, including Operations Manager, Regional Manager and District Manager.

Ms. Nicholas was elected Assistant Secretary in May 1982.

Mr. Ober was elected Vice President - Personnel Recruiting and Development in February 2000.  Prior to that time, he served as Vice President - New Ventures.

Mr. Paul was elected Treasurer in December 2005 when he joined the Company.  He is a certified public accountant.  Prior to joining us, Mr. Paul served as corporate controller for AccessPoint Openings, LLC, a holding company of distribution and manufacturing companies in the building products industry, having been associated with that firm since 1998. Mr. Paul served in various capacities including director of business expansion and integration at Applied Industrial Technologies, an industrial distributor, from 1993 to 1998.  Prior to joining Applied Industrial Technologies, Mr. Paul was an audit manager with Deloitte & Touche, having been associated with that firm since 1986.

Mr. Ramsey was elected Vice President and General Manager - Canadian Operations in January 2000.  Prior to that time, he served as Vice President and General Manager - Commercial Services.

Mr. Sucic was elected Vice President and Controller, effective January 1, 2007, and served as Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since having joined the Company in November 2001.  He is a certified public accountant.  Prior to joining us, Mr. Sucic served as chief financial officer of Vesper Corporation, a manufacturer of products for industry, from 2000 to 2001; of Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc., a designer, manufacturer and marketer of metal halide lighting products, from 1996 to 2000; and of various asset management units at The Prudential Investment Corporation, from 1989 to 1996.  Prior to joining Prudential, Mr. Sucic was a partner with Ernst & Young LLP, having been associated with that firm since 1970.

Our officers serve from the date of their election to the next organizational meeting of the Board of Directors and until their respective successors are elected.





Our common shares are not listed or traded on an established public trading market and market prices are, therefore, not available.  Semiannually, for purposes of our 401KSOP, the fair market value of our common shares is determined by an independent stock valuation firm, based upon our performance and financial condition, using a peer group of comparable companies selected by that firm.  The peer group currently consists of ABM Industries Incorporated, Comfort Systems USA, Inc, Dycom Industries, Inc., FirstService Corporation, Quanta Services, Inc., Rollins, Inc., and Scotts Miracle-Gro Company.  The semiannual valuations are effective for a period of six months and the per-share price established by those valuations is the price at which our Board of Directors has determined our common shares will be bought and sold during that six-month period in transactions involving the Company or one of its employee benefit or stock purchase plans.  Since 1979, the Company has provided a ready market for all shareholders through its direct purchase of their common shares, although the Company is under no obligation to do so. The purchases described above are added to the treasury stock of the Company.

Record Holders and Common Shares

On March 3, 2008 we had 2,657 record holders of our common shares.

On March 3, 2008 we had 7,288,951 common shares outstanding, options exercisable to purchase 424,458 common shares, partially-paid subscriptions for 618,447 common shares and purchase rights outstanding for 247,932 common shares.

The partially-paid subscriptions related to common shares purchased at $12.00 per share, in connection with the stock subscription offering completed in August 2002, whereby some employees opted to finance their subscription with a down-payment of at least 10% of their total purchase price and a seven-year promissory note for the balance due, with interest at 4.75%. Promissory note payments, of both principal and interest, are made either by payroll deduction or annual lump-sum payment. The promissory notes are collateralized with the common shares subscribed and the common shares are only issued when the related promissory note is paid-in-full.  Dividends are paid on all unissued subscribed shares.

The purchase rights outstanding were granted to nonofficer employees to purchase one additional common share at the price of $12.00 per share for every two common shares purchased in connection with the stock subscription offering completed in August 2002. Each right may be exercised at the rate of one-seventh per year and will expire seven years after the date that the right was granted. Employees may not exercise a right should they cease to be employed by the Company.

Dividends

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the dividends declared on our common shares (in cents):

   
Year Ended December 31,
Quarter
 
2007
 
2006
1
 
8.0
 
7.5
2
 
8.0
 
7.5
3
 
8.0
 
7.5
4
 
8.5
 
8.0
Total
 
32.5
 
30.5

We presently expect to pay comparable cash dividends in 2008.

Recent Sale of Unregistered Securities

None.



Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information on purchases made by the Company of its common shares during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.
 
Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
   
Average Price
Paid per Share
   
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
   
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans
or Programs
 
                         
Fiscal 2007
                       
                         
January 1 to January 27
    -       -       n/a       n/a  
January 28 to February 24
    -       -       n/a       n/a  
February 25 to March 31
    47,685     $ 25.90       n/a       n/a  
                                 
  Total First Quarter
    47,685       25.90                  
                                 
April 1 to April 28
    194,946       25.90       n/a       n/a  
April 29 to May 26
    117,064       25.90       n/a       n/a  
May 27 to June 30
    79,911       25.90       n/a       n/a  
                                 
  Total Second Quarter
    391,921       25.90                  
                                 
July 1 to July 28
    -       -       n/a       n/a  
July 29 to August 25
    30,346       28.70       n/a       n/a  
August 26 to September 29
    23,663       28.70       n/a       n/a  
                                 
  Total Third Quarter
    54,009       28.70                  
                                 
September 30 to October 27
    47,611       28.70       n/a       n/a  
October 28 to December 1
    23,213       28.70       n/a       n/a  
December 2 to December 31
    23,414       28.70       n/a       n/a  
                                 
  Total Fourth Quarter
    94,238       28.70                  
                                 
Total Year to Date
    587,853       26.61                  
                                 
                                 
n/a--Not applicable. There are no publicly announced plans or programs to purchase common shares.
 

 
 
 
Stock Performance Graph

Comparison of five-year cumulative return among The Davey Tree Expert Company, S&P 500 Stock Index and Selected Peer Group Companies Index

The following Performance Graph compares cumulative total shareholder returns for The Davey Tree Expert Company common shares during the last five years to the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and to an index of selected peer group companies. The peer group, which is the same group used by the Company’s independent stock valuation firm, consists of: ABM Industries Incorporated; Comfort Systems USA, Inc.; Dycom Industries, Inc.; FirstService Corporation; Quanta Services, Inc.; Rollins, Inc.; and Scotts Miracle-Gro Company. Each of the three measures of cumulative total return assumes reinvestment of dividends.




 
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Davey Tree
100
125
162
184
215
265
S&P 500 Index
100
129
143
150
173
183
Peer Group
100
141
169
197
233
261


The Performance Graph and related information above shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.


 
   
Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
       
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
   
2004
   
2003
 
   
(In thousands, except ratio and per share data)
 
 Operating Statement Data:
                             
                               
 Revenues
  $ 506,138     $ 467,534     $ 431,611     $ 398,648     $ 346,263  
                                         
 Costs and expenses:
                                       
 Operating
    324,415       305,106       283,596       263,080       226,454  
 Selling
    82,449       74,513       69,944       64,010       56,758  
 General and administrative
    38,476       34,126       29,815       27,908       25,947  
 Depreciation
    28,085       26,991       24,147       21,083       19,274  
 Amortization of intangible assets
    1,148       1,291       1,416       1,545       1,501  
 Gain on sale of assets, net
    (515 )     (309 )     (521 )     (552 )     (931 )
 Income from operations
    32,080       25,816       23,214       21,574       17,260  
                                         
 Interest expense
    (3,422 )     (2,768 )     (2,196 )     (1,827 )     (2,062 )
 Interest income
    404       176       260       1,949       229  
 Other expense
    (542 )     (1,301 )     (825 )     (800 )     (694 )
                                         
 Income before income taxes
    28,520       21,923       20,453       20,896       14,733  
 Income taxes
    10,441       7,906       7,142       8,643       6,016  
 Net income
  $ 18,079     $ 14,017     $ 13,311     $ 12,253     $ 8,717  
                                         
 Net income per share--diluted
  $ 2.15     $ 1.61     $ 1.50     $ 1.37     $ .99  
 
                                 
Shares used for computing per share amounts--diluted
    8,422       8,730       8,884       8,923       8,806  
                                         
 Other Financial Data:
                                       
                                         
 Depreciation and amortization
  $ 29,233     $ 28,282     $ 25,563     $ 22,628     $ 20,775  
                                         
 Capital expenditures
    37,587       32,435       31,985       38,482       19,975  
                                         
 Cash flow provided by (used in):
                                       
     Operating activities
    52,341       38,372       32,237       54,010       28,263  
     Investing activities
    (38,801 )     (34,419 )     (31,682 )     (38,119 )     (19,740 )
     Financing activities
    (13,822 )     (5,297 )     1,646       (14,858 )     (8,903 )
                                         
 Dividends per share
  $ .325     $ .305     $ .285     $ .265     $ .245  
                                         



 
   
As of December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
   
2004
   
2003
 
   
(In thousands, except ratio and per share data)
 
 Balance Sheet Data:
                             
                               
 Working capital
  $ 20,443     $ 24,598     $ 26,859     $ 22,207     $ 20,208  
                                         
 Current ratio
    1.29       1.38       1.46       1.38       1.42  
                                         
 Property and equipment, net
    108,239       96,522       90,768       83,600       66,753  
                                         
 Total assets
    231,649       207,980       194,129       183,105       166,837  
                                         
 Long-term debt
    32,099       31,951       29,065       19,830       30,178  
                                         
 Other long-term liabilities
    33,728       29,283       28,108       34,681       26,323  
                                         
 Shareholders' equity
    94,382       82,076       78,553       70,203       62,147  
                                         
Common shares:
                                       
Issued
    10,728       10,728       10,728       10,728       10,728  
In treasury
    3,463       3,218       3,228       3,074       2,924  
Net outstanding
    7,265       7,510       7,500       7,654       7,804  
                                         
Stock options:
                                       
Outstanding
    711       768       906       990       1,019  
Exercisable
    424       333       599       580       507  
                                         
 ESOT valuation per share
  $ 31.60     $ 25.90     $ 22.50     $ 20.00     $ 15.70  
                                         

 

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition (“MD&A”) is provided as a supplement to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.  MD&A is organized as follows:

§  
Overview of 2007 Results;
§  
Results of Operations, including fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006, fiscal 2006 compared to fiscal 2005, and Canadian dollar translation adjustments and rate-change effects;
§  
Liquidity and Capital Resources, including cash flow summary, off-balance sheet arrangements, and capital resources;
§  
Accounting Pronouncements;
§  
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates; and
§  
Market Risk Information, including interest rate risk and foreign currency rate risk.




OVERVIEW OF 2007 RESULTS

General

We provide a wide range of horticultural services to residential, commercial, utility and institutional customers throughout the United States and Canada.

Our operating results are reported in two segments: Residential and Commercial Services and Utility Services for operations in the United States and Canada. Residential and Commercial Services provides for the treatment, preservation, maintenance, cultivation, planting and removal of trees, shrubs and other plant life; its services also include the practice of landscaping, tree surgery, tree feeding, and tree spraying, as well as the application of fertilizer, herbicides and insecticides. Utility Services is principally engaged in the practice of line clearing for investor-owned and municipal utilities, including the clearing of tree growth from power lines, clearance of rights-of-way and chemical brush control.

Davey Resource Group, which provides services related to natural resource management and consulting, forestry research and development, and environmental planning and also maintains research, technical support and laboratory diagnostic facilities, is a nonreportable segment and, along with other operating activities, is included in “All Other.”

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations as a percentage of revenues.

   
Year Ended December 31,
         
Percentage Change
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
      2007/2006       2006/2005  
                                   
Revenues
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %     8.3 %     8.3 %
Costs and expenses:
                                       
Operating
    64.1       65.3       65.7       6.3       7.6  
Selling
    16.3       15.9       16.2       10.7       6.5  
General and administrative
    7.6       7.3       6.9       12.7       14.5  
Depreciation
    5.6       5.8       5.6       4.1       11.8  
Amortization of intangible assets
    .2       .3       .3       (11.1 )     (8.8 )
Gain on sale of assets, net
    (.1 )     (.1 )     (.1 )     66.7       (40.7 )
      93.7       94.5       94.6       7.3       8.2  
Income from operations
    6.3       5.5       5.4       24.3       11.2  
                                         
Other income (expense):
                                       
Interest expense
    (.7 )     (.6 )     (.5 )     23.6       26.0  
Interest income
    -       -       -       129.5       (32.3 )
Other
    -       (.2 )     (.2 )     (58.3 )     57.7  
Income before income taxes
    5.6       4.7       4.7       30.1       7.2  
Income taxes
    2.0       1.7       1.6       32.1       10.7  
Net income
    3.6 %     3.0 %     3.1 %     29.0 %     5.3 %
                                         

Revenues of $506,138 were 8.3% higher than last year’s revenues of $467,534. Utility Services revenues increased 6.1%, Residential and Commercial Services increased 7.2% and All Other increased 34.9%.

Overall, income from operations of $32,080 increased 24.3% from the $25,816 experienced in the prior year.  Income from operations was $16,145 in Utility Services (a 56.2% increase over 2006) and $20,096 for Residential and Commercial Services (a 16.4% increase over 2006).

Net income of $18,079 was $4,062, or 29.0%, higher than the $14,017 earned in 2006. The increase in net income was due to higher revenues in 2007 and slightly better operating margins.



Operating activities in 2007 provided cash of $52,341 as compared to $38,372 provided in 2006.  The $13,969 net increase was due primarily to an increase in depreciation expense of $1,094, lower increases in accounts receivable of $1,582, increases in self-insurance accruals of $6,039 and increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $5,411, offset by other operating assets, net, of $2,272 and deferred income taxes of $2,100.

Investing activities used $38,801 in cash, or $4,382 more than that used in 2006, primarily the result of expenditures for purchases of businesses as well as additional purchases of land and buildings necessary to support our operations.

Financing activities used $13,822 in 2007, a change of $8,525 compared with $5,297 used in 2006. Net borrowings outstanding from the revolving credit facility provided $300. Purchases of common shares for treasury of $16,974 were partially offset by cash received from the sale of common shares of $8,300 and $529 of cash received on our common share subscriptions.  Dividends paid during 2007 totaled $2,571.

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

A comparison of our fiscal year 2007 results to 2006 follows:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
Change
   
% Change
 
                         
Revenues
  $ 506,138     $ 467,534     $ 38,604       8.3 %
                                 
Costs and expenses:
                               
   Operating
    324,415       305,106       19,309       6.3  
   Selling
    82,449       74,513       7,936       10.7  
   General and administrative
    38,476       34,126       4,350       12.7  
   Depreciation
    28,085       26,991       1,094       4.1  
   Amortization of intangible assets
    1,148       1,291       (143 )     (11.1 )
   Gain on sale of assets, net
    (515 )     (309 )     (206 )     66.7  
      474,058       441,718       32,340       7.3  
                                 
Income from operations
    32,080       25,816       6,264       24.3  
                                 
Other income (expense):
                               
   Interest expense
    (3,422 )     (2,768 )     (654 )     23.6  
   Interest income
    404       176       228       129.5  
   Other
    (542 )     (1,301 )     759       (58.3 )
                                 
Income before income taxes
    28,520       21,923       6,597       30.1  
                                 
Income taxes
    10,441       7,906       2,535       32.1  
                                 
Net income
  $ 18,079     $ 14,017     $ 4,062       29.0 %
                                 

Revenues--Revenues of $506,138 increased $38,604 over the $467,534 reported in 2006. Utility Services increased $14,335 or 6.1% from the prior year. Increases in existing contracts and new contracts primarily in our Canadian and western utility operations were partially offset by reductions in an existing contract in the southeastern United States and customer-imposed budget restrictions on another contract within our eastern utility operations. Residential and Commercial Services increased $15,045 or 7.2% from 2006. New and expanded operations, favorable weather conditions and storm-related work in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the United States coupled with increased consumer demand for our services account for the increase.



Operating Expenses--Operating expenses of $324,415 increased $19,309 from the prior year, but as a percentage of revenues decreased 1.2% to 64.1%.  Utility Services experienced an increase of $5,656 or 3.2% from 2006, but as a percentage of revenues decreased 2.0% to 74.1%.  Increases in labor expense, subcontractor expense, fuel expense and crew travel expense in our western and Canadian utility operations were partially offset by reductions of labor and subcontractor expense within our eastern utility operations, the result of contract reductions and customer-imposed budget restrictions. Residential and Commercial Services increased $5,960 or 5.4% compared with 2006 but as a percentage of revenue decreased 1.0% to 52.5%. The increase is attributable to additional labor, subcontractor, equipment and fuel expense associated with the increased revenue.  The remaining change between consolidated operating expenses and segment operating expenses was an increase of $7,693.

Utility Services costs, in all categories including operating expenses, were higher because of the negative impact of one contract in California. Initially, operating results on this contract were negatively affected by weather factors giving rise to excess vegetation and tree growth. The initial three-year period of this contract ended June 30, 2007, with the customer exercising the first of three one-year options. The first option period terminates on June 30, 2008 with two one-year options remaining thereafter. Because of managerial and production efforts and changes in subcontracting, operating results on this contract improved during 2007 as compared with 2006. However, management believes operating results on this contract will be adversely affected for the remaining term of this contract because of recent weather and expected subsequent excess growth patterns. Operating losses on this contract include provision for anticipated loss.

Selling Expenses--Selling expenses of $82,449 increased $7,936 from 2006 and as a percentage of revenues increased .4% to 16.3%. Utility Services increased $1,643 or 7.6% over 2006, primarily for field management wages and incentives, travel expenses and employee development and training expense associated with the increased revenue. Residential and Commercial Services experienced an increase of $4,561 or 8.4% over the prior year 2006, the result of increases in field management wages and incentives, sales, field management travel and auto expense, marketing expense and branch office wages and expenses. The remaining change between consolidated selling expenses and segment selling expenses was an increase of $1,732.

General and Administrative Expenses--General and administrative expenses increased $4,350 to $38,476, a 12.7% increase, from the $34,126 experienced in 2006 and as a percentage of revenues increased .3% to 7.6%. Increases in salaries and incentive expense of $2,714, the result of increased revenues and stronger earnings performance, as well as increases in professional services, stock-based compensation expense, relocation expense and pension expense account for the increase.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense--Depreciation and amortization expense of $29,233 increased $951 from the prior year and as a percentage of revenues decreased .3% to 5.8%. The increase is attributable to additional capital expenditures for buildings, purchases of businesses and equipment necessary to support the increase in business levels.

Gain on Sale of Assets--Gain on the sale of assets of $515 increased $206 from the $309 experienced in 2006. The increase is due to an increase in the number of vehicles disposed of and the amount received for those vehicles as compared to the prior year.

Interest Expense--Interest expense of $3,422 increased $654 or 23.6% from the $2,768 incurred in 2006.
The increase is attributable to higher interest rates on bank borrowings and higher average debt levels as compared with the prior year.

Income Taxes--Income tax expense for 2007 was $10,441.  The 2007 effective tax rate of 36.6% includes a 2.9% state income tax rate, net of federal benefit. The 2006 tax rate of 36.1% included a 4.5% state income tax rate, net of federal benefit.

Net Income--Net income of $18,079 was $4,062 higher than the $14,017 earned in 2006.  The 29.0% increase in net income was primarily due to higher revenues in 2007 and better operating margins.



Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

A comparison of our fiscal year 2006 results to 2005 follows:


   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2006
   
2005
   
Change
   
% Change
 
                         
Revenues
  $ 467,534     $ 431,611     $ 35,923       8.3 %
                                 
Costs and expenses:
                               
   Operating
    305,106       283,596       21,510       7.6  
   Selling
    74,513       69,944       4,569       6.5  
   General and administrative
    34,126       29,815       4,311       14.5  
   Depreciation
    26,991       24,147       2,844       11.8  
   Amortization of intangible assets
    1,291       1,416       (125 )     (8.8 )
   Gain on sale of assets, net
    (309 )     (521 )     212       (40.7 )
      441,718       408,397       33,321       8.2  
                                 
Income from operations
    25,816       23,214       2,602       11.2  
                                 
Other income (expense):
                               
   Interest expense
    (2,768 )     (2,196 )     (572 )     26.0  
   Interest income
    176       260       (84 )     (32.3 )
   Other
    (1,301 )     (825 )     (476 )     57.7  
                                 
Income before income taxes
    21,923       20,453       1,470       7.2  
                                 
Income taxes
    7,906       7,142       764       10.7  
                                 
Net income
  $ 14,017     $ 13,311     $ 706       5.3 %
                                 

Revenues--Revenues of $467,534 increased $35,923 over the $431,611 reported in 2005. Utility Services increased $24,092 or 11.5% from the prior year. New contracts, increases in existing contracts and better productivity within our utility operations account for the increase.  Revenues for 2005 included storm-damage work from hurricanes (Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita) in the southern United States.  Residential and Commercial Services increased $11,250 or 5.7% from 2005, the result of an overall increase in demand for Residential and Commercial Services. All Other increased $581 or 2.2%.

Operating Expenses--Operating expenses of $305,106 increased $21,510 from the prior year, but as a percentage of revenues decreased .4% to 65.3%.  Utility Services experienced an increase of $19,233 or 12.1% from 2005. All utility operations incurred additional costs for labor, equipment and crew travel costs associated with the start-up of new contracts and expanded services which were partially offset by reductions in subcontractor expense. Residential and Commercial Services increased $3,499 or 3.3% compared with 2005. Increases in labor, equipment, materials and tool expense were partially offset by a reduction in subcontractor costs.  All Other decreased $1,222 or 6.9% from 2005.
 
Utility Services operating income increased $771 to $10,338 for 2006 as compared with $9,567 during 2005. While Utility Services revenues increased as discussed above, all utility services cost categories, including operating expenses, were negatively impacted by weather factors in the state of California and also by one contract in our western utility operations. Our western utility operations were adversely affected in the state of California by heat and excess vegetation and tree growth preceded by inordinate amounts of rainfall in earlier periods. Our western utility operations were also adversely affected by one contract in California, and this contract had a negative impact on other contracts through losses of production and use of personnel and equipment. This western utility contract, during the year ended 2006, had operating losses of $3,834, as compared with operating losses of $2,302 during the year ended 2005. The operating losses of $3,834 includes provision for anticipated loss, although we expect operating losses from this contract to continue and be recognized through completion, estimated as November 2007.


 
Selling Expenses--Selling expenses of $74,513 increased $4,569 from 2005 but as a percentage of revenues decreased .3% to 15.9%. Utility Services increased $1,495 or 7.5% over 2005, primarily for field management wages, travel and auto expenses, branch offices expenses and employee development associated with the increased revenue. Residential and Commercial Services experienced an increase of $3,784 or 7.5% over the prior year 2005, the result of increases in field management wages and incentives, sales and marketing expense and branch office wages and expenses. All Other decreased $710 from 2005.

General and Administrative Expenses--General and administrative expenses increased $4,311 to $34,126 (a 14.5% increase) from the $29,815 experienced in 2005 and as a percentage of revenues increased .4% to 7.3%.  Increases in salaries and incentive expense of $2,820 were the compensation incentives achieved as a result of increased revenues and stronger earnings performance. Other increases included computer hardware/software expense, travel and meeting expenses and legal expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense--Depreciation and amortization expense of $28,282 increased $2,719 from the prior year and as a percentage of revenues increased .2% to 6.1%.  The increase is attributable to additional capital expenditures for equipment among the segments, the result of increased demand for our services.

Gain on Sale of Assets--Gain on the sale of assets of $309 decreased $212 from the $521 experienced in 2005. The decrease is attributable to a reduction in the number of vehicles disposed of and the amount received for those vehicles as compared to the prior year.

Interest Expense--Interest expense of $2,768 increased $572 or 26.0% from the $2,196 incurred in 2005.
The increase is attributable to higher interest rates on bank borrowings and higher average debt levels as compared with the prior year.

Income Taxes--Income tax expense for 2006 was $7,906.  The 2006 effective tax rate of 36.1% includes a 4.5% state income tax rate, net of federal benefit. The 2005 tax rate of 34.9% included a 3.5% state income tax rate, net of federal benefit.

Net Income--Net income of $14,017 was $706 higher than the $13,311 earned in 2005.  The 5.3% increase in net income was primarily due to higher revenues in 2006 and slightly better operating margins.

Canadian Dollar Translation Adjustments and Rate-Change Effects

Currency Translation Adjustments--All assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian operations are translated into United States dollars at balance-sheet date exchange rates while revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates in effect during the interim periods of operations reported.  Currency translation adjustments are a component of other comprehensive income or loss and are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity.

Canadian Dollar Rate-Change Effects--During 2007, the Canadian dollar strengthened in relation to the United States dollar. As a result, the weighted-average exchange rate for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared favorably with the exchange rates that existed for the year ended December 31, 2006.

It is not possible to precisely measure the impact on operating results from Canadian dollar exchange rate changes. However, if Canadian operating results for the year ended December 31, 2007 were translated at the exchange rates in effect during the comparable period of 2006, revenues would have been approximately $3,400 lower and income from operations would have been approximately $400 lower.

The effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances held in Canadian dollars was not significant.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal financial requirements are for capital spending, working capital and business acquisitions.



Cash Flow Summary

Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 are summarized as follows:
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Cash provided by (used in):
           
Operating activities
  $ 52,341     $ 38,372  
Investing activities
    (38,801 )     (34,419 )
Financing activities
    (13,822 )     (5,297 )
Decrease in cash
  $ (282 )   $ (1,344 )
                 
 
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities--Operating activities in 2007 provided cash of $52,341 as compared to $38,372 provided in 2006.  The $13,969 net increase was primarily attributable to an increase in net income of $4,062 and depreciation expense of $1,094, and changes in operating assets and liabilities provided an increase of $9,120.

Overall, accounts receivable dollars increased $1,582 in 2007 as compared to the $1,544 increase experienced in 2006. With respect to the change in accounts receivable arising from business levels, the “days-sales-outstanding” in accounts receivable (“DSO”) at the end of 2007 decreased 7 days to 53 days, as compared to 2006.  The DSO at December 31, 2006 was 60 days.

Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased $5,411 in 2007, compared to an increase of $61 experienced in 2006. The change is primarily attributable to an increase in accrued employee vacation expense, employee compensation expense, 401K withholdings and advance payments from one utility customer related to revenues to be earned in 2008, partially offset by decreases in tax liabilities and employee savings.

Self-insurance accruals increased $6,039 in 2007, $625 more than the increase experienced in 2006.  The increase occurred in all classifications—workers’ compensation, general liability and vehicle liability-- and resulted primarily from an overall increase in deductible amounts under commercial insurance or the self-insured risk retention.

Other operating assets, net, increased $2,272 in 2007, $3,183 lower than the $5,455 increase in 2006.  The increase is the result of an increase in advance payments for insurance premiums related to our workers’ compensation, vehicle liability and general liability policies and other insurance-related assets.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities--Investing activities used $38,801 in cash, or $4,382 more than the $34,419 used in 2006, primarily due to the result of expenditures for the purchases of land and buildings necessary to support our operations.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities--Financing activities used $13,822 in 2007, an increase of $8,525 from the $5,297 used in 2006. Our revolving credit facility provided $2,600 less than the $2,900 provided in 2006. Borrowings of notes payable increased $49 while other debt and capital lease obligations decreased $3,455. Treasury share purchases of $16,974 were partially offset by cash received from the sale of common shares of $8,300 and $529 of cash received on our common share subscription. Dividends paid during 2007 totaled $2,571.

Revolving Credit Facility--We have a $147,000 revolving credit facility with a group of banks, which will expire in December 2011 and permits borrowings, as defined, up to $147,000 with a letter of credit sublimit of $100,000. The revolving credit facility contains certain affirmative and negative covenants customary for this type of facility and includes financial covenant ratios, as defined, with respect to funded debt to EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization), and funded debt to capitalization.



Contractual Obligations Summary

The following is a summary of our long-term contractual obligations, as at December 31, 2007, to make future payments for the periods indicated.

         
Contractual Obligations Due -- Year Ending December 31,
       
Description
 
Total
   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
Thereafter
 
                                           
Revolving credit facility
  $ 31,800     $ 1,000     $ 1,000     $ 1,000     $ 25,800     $ 1,000     $ 2,000  
Term loans
    4,142       2,844       730       418       150       -       -  
Capital lease obligations
    931       487       444       -       -       -       -  
Operating lease obligations
    8,537       3,109       2,179       1,525       949       279       496  
Self-insurance accruals
    51,448       20,253       13,015       7,945       3,769       1,637       4,829  
Purchase obligations
    4,511       4,511       -       -       -       -       -  
Other liabilities
    4,574       2,014       596       306       221       190       571  
    $ 105,943     $ 34,218     $ 17,964     $ 11,194     $ 30,889     $ 3,106     $ 7,896  
 
The self-insurance accruals in the summary above reflect the total of the undiscounted amount accrued, for which amounts estimated to be due each year may differ from actual payments required to fund claims.  Purchase obligations in the summary above represent open purchase-order amounts the Company anticipates will become payable within the next year for goods and services it has negotiated for delivery as of December 31, 2007. Other liabilities include estimates of future expected funding requirements related to retirement plans and other sundry items.  Because their future cash outflows are uncertain, accrued income tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions, as of December 31, 2007, have not been included in the summary above. Noncurrent deferred taxes and payments related to defined benefit pension plans are also not included in the summary.

As at December 31, 2007, we were contingently liable to our principal banks for letters of credit in the amount of $51,745 of which $50,645 is committed under the revolving credit facility. Substantially all of these letters of credit, which expire within a year, are planned for renewal as necessary.

Also, as is common with our industry, we have performance obligations that are supported by surety bonds, which expire during 2008 through 2010.  We intend to renew the performance bonds where appropriate and as necessary.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There are no “off-balance sheet arrangements” as that term is defined in Regulation S-K, Item 303(a)(4)(ii) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Capital Resources

Cash generated from operations and our revolving credit facility are our primary sources of capital.

Business seasonality results in higher revenues during the second and third quarters as compared with the first and fourth quarters of the year, while our methods of accounting for fixed costs, such as depreciation and interest expense, are not significantly impacted by business seasonality.  Capital resources during these periods are equally affected.  We satisfy seasonal working capital needs and other financing requirements with the revolving credit facility and several other short-term lines of credit.  We are continuously reviewing our existing sources of financing and evaluating alternatives.  At December 31, 2007, we had working capital of $20,443, unused short-term lines of credit approximating $8,302, and $64,555 available under our revolving credit facility.

Our sources of capital presently allow us the financial flexibility to meet our capital spending plan and to complete business acquisitions.



ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

New Accounting Pronouncements Requiring Adoption--In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“FAS 157”). FAS 157 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to U.S. GAAP requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands presentations about such fair value measurements. Relative to FAS 157, proposed FASB Staff Positions (“FSP”) 157-a, 157-b, and 157-c were released.  FSP 157-a amends FAS 157 to exclude FAS 13, “Accounting for Leases,” and its related interpretive accounting pronouncements that address leasing transactions, while FSP 157-b delays the effective date for FAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or presented at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (defined as “at least annually”).  FSP 157-c clarifies the principles in FAS 157 on the fair value measurements of liabilities.  Public comments on FSP 157-a and 157-b were due in January 2008, while public comments on FSP 157-c were due in February 2008.  We are required to adopt FAS 157 in 2008 and are currently evaluating the impact of FAS 157 on its consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncement Requiring Adoption--In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities–Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“FAS 159”).  FAS 159 permits entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value.  FAS 159 requires unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option is elected to be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date.  We will not apply the Fair Value Option to any of our existing financial assets or financial liabilities.

New Accounting Pronouncement Requiring Adoption--In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141R”), which replaces FAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” FAS 141R retains the underlying concepts of FAS 141 in that all business combinations are still required to be accounted for at fair value under the acquisition method of accounting but FAS 141R changed the method of applying the acquisition method in a number of significant aspects. Early adoption is not permitted. We are required to adopt FAS 141R prospectively for any acquisitions on or after January 1, 2009.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to accounts receivable, specifically those receivables under contractual arrangements primarily arising from Utility Services customers; allowance for doubtful accounts; and self-insurance accruals.  We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

We believe the following are our “critical accounting policies and estimates”--those most important to the financial presentations and those that require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.

Revenue Recognition--Revenues from Residential and Commercial Services are recognized as the services are provided and amounts are determined to be collectible. Revenues from contractual arrangements, primarily with Utility Services customers, are recognized based on costs incurred to total estimated contract costs. Changes in estimates and assumptions related to total estimated contract costs may have a material effect on the amounts reported as receivables arising from contractual arrangements and the corresponding amounts of revenues and profit.

Utility Services Customers--We generate a significant portion of revenues and corresponding accounts receivable from our Utility Services customers in the utility industry. One Utility Services customer, PG&E, approximated 10% of revenues during 2007, 9% during 2006 and 12% during 2005.  Adverse conditions in the utility industry or individual utility customer operations may affect the collectibility of our receivables or our ability to generate ongoing revenues.
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts--In determining the allowance for doubtful accounts, we evaluate the collectibility of our accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us (e.g., bankruptcy filings), we record a specific allowance for doubtful accounts against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. For all other customers, we recognize allowances for doubtful accounts based on the length of time the receivables are past due. If circumstances change (e.g., unexpected material adverse changes in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligation to us or higher than expected customer defaults), our estimates of the recoverability of amounts could differ from the actual amounts recovered.

Self-Insurance Accruals--We are generally self-insured for losses and liabilities related primarily to workers’ compensation, vehicle liability and general liability claims. We use commercial insurance as a risk-reduction strategy to minimize catastrophic losses. We accrue ultimate losses based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and based on our specific experience.

Our self-insurance accruals include claims for which the ultimate losses will develop over a period of years. Accordingly, our estimates of ultimate losses can change as claims mature. Our accruals also are affected by changes in the number of new claims incurred and claim severity. The methodology for estimating ultimate losses and the total cost of claims were determined by third-party consulting actuaries; the resulting accruals are continually reviewed by us, and any adjustments arising from changes in estimates are reflected in income currently.

Our self-insurance accruals are based on estimates and, while we believe that the amounts accrued are adequate, the ultimate claims may be in excess of or less than the amounts provided.

MARKET RISK INFORMATION

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and changes in foreign currency exchange rates.  We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates on long-term debt obligations. The interest rates on substantially all of our long-term debt outstanding are variable.  We have entered into interest rate contracts -- derivative financial instruments with the objective of altering interest rate exposures related to variable debt.

The following table provides information, as of December 31, 2007, about our debt obligations and interest rate contract. For debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows, weighted-average interest rates by expected maturity dates and fair values. For the interest rate contract, the table presents the underlying face (notional) amount, weighted-average interest rate by contractual maturity dates and the fair value to settle the contract at December 31, 2007. Weighted-average interest rates used for variable rate obligations are based on rates as derived from published spot rates, in effect as at December 31, 2007.
 
                                             
Fair Value
 
   
December 31,
               
December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
Thereafter
   
Total
   
2007
 
                                                 
Liabilities
                                               
Long-term debt:
                                               
Fixed rate
  $ 301     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 301     $ 290  
Average interest rate
    .0 %                                                        
                                                                 
                                                                 
Variable rate
  $ 3,543     $ 1,730     $ 1,418     $ 25,950     $ 1,000     $ 2,000     $ 35,641     $ 35,852  
Average interest rate
    5.7 %     5.5 %     6.2 %     6.6 %     6.9 %                        
                                                                 
Interest rate derivative instrument
                                                               
Interest rate contracts:
                                                               
Pay fixed, notional amount
  $ 10,000     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 10,000     $ -     $ 20,000     $ (551 )
Average pay rate
    4.96 %                             5.15 %                        
Average receive rate
    4.70 %                             5.60 %                        
                                                                 
 


Interest rates, as of December 31, 2007, on the variable-rate debt ranged from 5.5% to 7.3%.

The interest rate contracts each have an underlying face (notional) amount of $10,000, which is used to calculate the cash flow to be exchanged and does not represent the exposure to credit loss. If we were to have settled the contracts at December 31, 2007 (fair value), we would have payed $551.

Foreign Currency Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to foreign currency exchange rate risk resulting from our operations in Canada, where we provide a comprehensive range of horticultural services.

Our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in the foreign currency exchange rate or differing economic conditions in the Canadian markets as compared with the markets for our services in the United States. Our earnings are affected by translation exposures from currency fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar as compared to the Canadian dollar. Similarly, the Canadian dollar-denominated assets and liabilities may result in financial exposure as to the timing of transactions and the net asset / liability position of our Canadian operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, the result of a hypothetical 10% uniform change in the value of the U.S. dollar as compared with the Canadian dollar would not have a material effect on our results of operations or our financial position.  Our sensitivity analysis of the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates does not factor in a potential change in sales levels or local currency prices.

Impact of Inflation

The impact of inflation on the results of operations has not been significant in recent years.



The information set forth in “Market Risk Information” under Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is incorporated herein by reference.


Our consolidated financial statements are attached hereto and listed on page F-1 of this annual report.



None.



(a) Management’s Discussion of Controls Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control framework and processes were designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and the Board of Directors that our financial reporting is reliable and that our consolidated financial statements for external purposes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Our management recognizes its responsibility for fostering a strong ethical climate so that the our affairs are conducted according to the highest standards of personal and corporate conduct.




Our internal controls over financial reporting include policies and procedures that:

§  
provide for the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our business transactions;

§  
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded properly to allow for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP; and,

§  
provide reasonable assurance that the unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets will be prevented, or at the minimum, detected in a timely manner.

We maintain a dynamic system of internal controls and processes--including internal controls over financial reporting--designed to ensure reliable financial recordkeeping, transparent financial reporting and disclosure, and protection of physical and intellectual property.

No system of internal control over financial reporting can provide absolute guarantees, but only reasonable assurances of the prevention or detection of misstatements. Our processes, however, contain self-monitoring mechanisms, and actions will be taken to correct deficiencies as they are identified.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, such internal control is effective.  In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in “Internal Control--Integrated Framework.”  To comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we designed and implemented a structured and comprehensive compliance process to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting across the enterprise.

In addition, we maintain a testing program that assesses the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, including testing of the five COSO elements, and recommend improvements.

Our independent auditor, Ernst & Young LLP, with direct access to our Board of Directors through our Audit Committee, has audited the consolidated financial statements prepared by us. Their report on the consolidated financial statements is included elsewhere herein.

(b) Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(c) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 based on the framework in “Internal Control--Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.



Our independent auditor, Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting which is included in this report.

/s/ Karl J. Warnke          
 
 /s/ David E. Adante                    
 
 /s/ Nicholas R. Sucic        
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
and Secretary
 
Vice President and Controller

Kent, Ohio
March 11, 2008


(d) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect these internal controls over financial reporting subsequent to the date we carried out our evaluation.

(e) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Davey Tree Expert Company

We have audited The Davey Tree Expert Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). The Davey Tree Expert Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, The Davey Tree Expert Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the COSO criteria.



We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of The Davey Tree Expert Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 of The Davey Tree Expert Company and our report dated March 11, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Akron, Ohio
March 11, 2008
 
 
 

None.




Information about our executive officers is in the section "Executive Officers of the Registrant" in Part I, Item 4A of this report.

Information about our directors is in the section "Election of Directors" of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

Information about our audit committee and our audit committee financial experts is in the section “Committees of the Board of Directors; Shareholder Nominations; Attendance” of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

Information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K is in the section “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

We have adopted a Code of Ethics for Financial Matters that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions.  That Code is available on our website or upon request, as described in this report in Item 1. “Business - Access to Company Information.”  We intend to disclose, on our website, any amendments to, or waiver of, any provision of that Code that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
 

Information about executive and director compensation is in the sections “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” "Compensation of Executive Officers" and "Compensation of Directors" of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which are incorporated into this report by reference.



Information about ownership of our common shares by certain persons is in the section "Ownership of Common Shares" of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated into this report by reference.  Information about our securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is in the section “Equity Compensation Plans Information” of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated into this report by reference.





Information about certain transactions between us and our affiliates and certain other persons and the independence of directors is in the section “Corporate Governance” of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated into this report by reference.



Information about our principal accountant’s fees and services is in the section “Independent Auditors” of our 2008 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated into this report by reference.




(a) (1) and (a) (2) Financial Statements and Schedules.

The response to this portion of Item 15 is set forth on page F-1 of this report.

(b) Exhibits.

The exhibits to this Form 10-K are submitted as a separate section of this report.  See Exhibit Index.



 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 13, 2008.

     
   
THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
     
   
By:     /s/ Karl J. Warnke                                       
   
Karl J. Warnke, President and
   
Chief Executive Officer
     
     
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 13, 2008.
     
     
     
/s/ R. Douglas Cowan                                          
 
/s/ Robert A. Stefanko                                            
R. Douglas Cowan, Director,
 
Robert A. Stefanko, Director
Chairman of the Board
   
     
     
   
/s/ Karl J. Warnke                                                   
/s/ Dr. Carol A. Cartwright                                 
 
Karl J. Warnke, Director,
Dr. Carol A. Cartwright, Director
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
   
(Principal Executive Officer)
     
     
/s/ J. Dawson Cunningham                                  
   
J. Dawson Cunningham, Director
 
/s/ David E. Adante                                                
   
David E. Adante, Executive Vice President,
   
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
   
(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ William J. Ginn                                              
   
William J. Ginn, Director
   
     
   
/s/ Nicholas R. Sucic                                              
   
Nicholas R. Sucic, Vice President and Controller
/s/ Douglas K. Hall                                              
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Douglas K. Hall, Director
   
     
     
     
/s/ William L. Phipps                                          
   
William L. Phipps, Director
   
     
 

 


         
Exhibit No.
 
Description
   
         
3.1
 
2003 Amended Articles of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 27, 2003).
   
         
3.2
 
1987 Amended and Restated Regulations of The Davey Tree Expert Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
   
         
10.1
 
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Company, as borrower, Various Lending Institutions, as banks, KeyBank National Association, as lead arranger, syndication agent and administrative agent, and National City Bank, as documentation agent, dated as of November 21, 2006 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 22, 2006).
   
         
10.2
 
1994 Omnibus Stock Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004).
   
         
10.3
 
2004 Omnibus Stock Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 2004).
   
         
10.4
 
2004 401KSOP Match Restoration Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 2004).
   
         
10.5
 
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 2004).
   
         
10.6
 
Retirement Benefit Restoration Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 2004).
   
         
10.7
 
The Davey Tree Expert Company Board of Directors Revised Deferred Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004).
   
         
10.8
 
Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2006, between the Company and R. Douglas Cowan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
   
         
21
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
 
Filed Herewith
         
23
 
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
Filed Herewith
         
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Filed Herewith
         
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Filed Herewith
         
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
 
Furnished Herewith
         
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
 
Furnished Herewith
 
 
The documents listed as Exhibits 10.2 through 10.8 constitute management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.

The Registrant is a party to certain instruments, copies of which will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request, defining the rights of holders of long-term debt.


- 33 - -




ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

ITEM 8, ITEM 15(a)(1) and (2)

LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CERTAIN EXHIBITS

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY

KENT, OHIO



 
 

 

LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
   
FORM 10-K - ITEM 15(a)(1) AND (2)
 
   
THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
 
   
The following consolidated financial statements of The Davey Tree Expert Company are included in Item 8:
 
   
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F-2
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets -- December 31, 2007 and 2006
F-3
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations -- Years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
F-4
   
Statements of Consolidated Shareholders' Equity -- Years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
F-5
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows -- Years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
F-6
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements -- December 31, 2007
 
A – The Company’s Business
F-7
B – Accounting Policies 
F-7
C – Accounts Receivable, Net
F-11
D – Supplemental Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Information
F-12
   
E – Business Combinations, Identified Intangible Assets and Goodwill, Net
F-13
F – Short-Term and Long-Term Debt
F-14
G – Self-Insurance Accruals
F-15
H – Lease Obligations
F-16
   
I – Common Shares and Preferred Shares
F-17
J – The Davey 401KSOP and Employee Stock Ownership Plan
F-18
K – Stock-Based Compensation
F-18
L – Defined Benefit Pension Plans
F-23
   
M – Income Taxes
F-28
N – Comprehensive Income (Loss)
F-30
O – Net Income Per Share
F-31
P – Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Information
F-32
   
Q – Commitments and Contingencies
F-34
R – Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
F-35
   
Financial Statement Schedules:
 
   
None
 
   
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
 



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm



The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Davey Tree Expert Company

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Davey Tree Expert Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007.  These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of The Davey Tree Expert Company at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 
As discussed in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, “Accounting Policies,” in 2007 the Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.  In addition, as discussed in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, in 2006 the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share Based Payment and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R).

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), The Davey Tree Expert Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 11, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.


/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Akron, Ohio
March 11, 2008






THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share dollar amounts)


   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Assets
           
Current assets:
           
   Cash
  $ 1,819     $ 2,101  
   Accounts receivable, net
    72,011       70,429  
   Operating supplies
    3,688       3,878  
   Prepaid expenses
    4,607       3,953  
   Other current assets
    9,758       8,907  
Total current assets
    91,883       89,268  
                 
Property and equipment:
               
   Land and land improvements
    10,541       7,486  
   Buildings and leasehold improvements
    21,999       19,619  
   Equipment
    307,492       287,779  
      340,032       314,884  
   Less accumulated depreciation
    231,793       218,362  
      108,239       96,522  
                 
Other assets
    19,797       13,181  
Identified intangible assets and goodwill, net
    11,730       9,009  
    $ 231,649     $ 207,980  
                 
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
   Short-term debt
  $ 3,970     $ 3,921  
   Accounts payable
    20,419       19,424  
   Accrued expenses
    26,311       22,635  
   Self-insurance accruals
    20,253       17,208  
   Current portion of capital lease obligations
    487       1,482  
Total current liabilities
    71,440       64,670  
                 
Long-term debt
    32,099       31,951  
Capital lease obligations
    444       931  
Self-insurance accruals
    28,710       25,716  
Other liabilities
    4,574       2,636  
      137,267       125,904  
                 
Common shareholders' equity:
               
   Common shares, $1.00 par value, per share; 24,000 shares authorized;
               
        10,728 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and 2006
    10,728        10,728   
   Additional paid-in capital
    7,953       5,453  
   Common shares subscribed, unissued
    7,571       8,369  
   Retained earnings
    137,132       121,624  
   Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    400       (3,025 )
      163,784       143,149  
   Less: Cost of Common shares held in treasury:
               
                3,463 in 2007 and 3,218 in 2006
    67,310       57,654  
             Common shares subscription receivable
    2,092       3,419  
                 
      94,382       82,076  
    $ 231,649     $ 207,980  
                 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
               


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share dollar amounts)


   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
                   
                   
Revenues
  $ 506,138     $ 467,534     $ 431,611  
                         
Costs and expenses:
                       
   Operating
    324,415       305,106       283,596  
   Selling
    82,449       74,513       69,944  
   General and administrative
    38,476       34,126       29,815  
   Depreciation
    28,085       26,991       24,147  
   Amortization of intangible assets
    1,148       1,291       1,416  
   Gain on sale of assets, net
    (515 )     (309 )     (521 )
      474,058       441,718       408,397  
                         
Income from operations
    32,080       25,816       23,214  
                         
Other income (expense):
                       
   Interest expense
    (3,422 )     (2,768 )     (2,196 )
   Interest income
    404       176       260  
   Other
    (542 )     (1,301 )     (825 )
                         
Income before income taxes
    28,520       21,923       20,453  
                         
Income taxes
    10,441       7,906       7,142  
                         
                         
Net income
  $ 18,079     $ 14,017     $ 13,311  
                         
Net income per share:
                       
Basic
  $ 2.26     $ 1.70     $ 1.60  
                         
Diluted
  $ 2.15     $ 1.61     $ 1.50  
                         
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
                       
Basic
    7,996       8,237       8,334  
                         
Diluted
    8,422       8,730       8,884  
                         
Dividends declared per share
  $ .325     $ .305     $ .285  
                         
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
                       


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 

 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
 
                                     
Common shares
                                   
     At beginning and end of year
    10,728     $ 10,728       10,728     $ 10,728       10,728     $ 10,728  
                                                 
Additional paid-in capital
                                               
     At beginning of year
            5,453               6,799               6,172  
           Shares sold to employees
            1,563               1,049               656  
           Options exercised
            (185 )             (3,326 )             (199 )
           Subscription shares, issued
            (396 )             (208 )             (107 )
           Stock-based compensation
            1,518               1,139               277  
                                                 
     At end of year
            7,953               5,453               6,799  
                                                 
Common shares subscribed, unissued
                                         
     At beginning of year
    697       8,369       740       8,876       767       9,198  
           Common shares, issued
    (61 )     (740 )     (40 )     (475 )     (26 )     (308 )
           Cancellations
    (5 )     (58 )     (3 )     (32 )     (1 )     (14 )
                                                 
     At end of year
    631       7,571       697       8,369       740       8,876  
                                                 
Retained earnings
                                               
     At beginning of year
            121,624               110,119               99,167  
           Net income
            18,079               14,017               13,311  
           Dividends, $ .285 per share
            -               -               (2,359 )
           Dividends, $ .305 per share
            -               (2,512 )             -  
           Dividends, $ .325 per share
            (2,571 )             -               -  
                                                 
     At end of year
            137,132               121,624               110,119  
                                                 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
                                               
     At beginning of year
            (3,025 )             525               261  
Currency translation adjustment
      2,320               (35 )             253  
Net (loss) gain on interest rate contracts
      (354 )             55               (34 )
           Net minimum pension liability
            -               122               45  
Pension plans -- FAS158 adjustment, net
      1,459               (3,692 )             -  
                                                 
     At end of year
            400               (3,025 )             525  
                                                 
Common shares held in treasury
                                               
     At beginning of year
    3,218       (57,654 )     3,228       (53,753 )     3,074       (49,314 )
           Shares purchased
    588       (16,974 )     642       (15,062 )     441       (9,067 )
           Shares sold to employees
    (239 )     5,413       (239 )     4,063       (225 )     3,664  
           Options exercised
    (42 )     769       (373 )     6,385       (37 )     555  
           Subscription shares, issued
    (62 )     1,136       (40 )     713       (25 )     409  
                                                 
     At end of year
    3,463       (67,310 )     3,218       (57,654 )     3,228       (53,753 )
                                                 
Common shares subscription receivable
                                         
     At beginning of year
    (697 )     (3,419 )     (740 )     (4,741 )     (767 )     (6,009 )
           Payments
    61       1,275       40       1,291       26       1,255  
           Cancellations
    5       52       3       31       1       13  
                                                 
     At end of year
    (631 )     (2,092 )     (697 )     (3,419 )     (740 )     (4,741 )
                                                 
Common Shareholders' Equity
                                               
at December 31
    7,265     $ 94,382       7,510     $ 82,076       7,500     $ 78,553  
                                                 
Comprehensive Income
                                               
Net income
          $ 18,079             $ 14,017             $ 13,311  
Net other comprehensive income (loss)
      3,425               (142 )             264  
                                                 
Total comprehensive income
          $ 21,504             $ 13,875             $ 13,575  
                                                 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.                                                


THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)


   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Operating activities
                 
   Net income
  $ 18,079     $ 14,017     $ 13,311  
   Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
         Depreciation
    28,085       26,991       24,147  
         Amortization
    1,148       1,291       1,416  
         Gain on sale of property
    (515 )     (309 )     (521 )
         Deferred income taxes
    (2,100 )     (2,444 )     (8,631 )
         Other
    48       350       518  
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
         Accounts receivable
    (1,582 )     (1,544 )     (5,105 )
         Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    5,411       61       (204 )
         Self-insurance accruals
    6,039       5,414       3,218  
         Other assets, net
    (2,272 )     (5,455 )     4,088  
      34,262       24,355       18,926  
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    52,341       38,372       32,237  
                         
Investing activities
                       
   Capital expenditures:
                       
       Equipment
    (32,670 )     (31,807 )     (31,167 )
       Land and buildings
    (4,917 )     (628 )     (818 )
   Proceeds from sales of property and equipment
    1,261       513       1,348  
   Purchases of businesses
    (2,475 )     (2,497 )     (1,045 )
   Net cash used in investing activities
    (38,801 )     (34,419 )     (31,682 )
                         
Financing activities
                       
   Revolving credit facility proceeds (payments), net
    300       2,900       9,900  
   Borrowings (payments) of notes payable
    49       2,469       (1,187 )
   Payments of long-term debt and capital leases
    (3,455 )     (2,583 )     (1,565 )
   Purchase of common shares for treasury
    (16,974 )     (15,062 )     (9,067 )
   Sale of common shares from treasury
    8,300       8,676       4,978  
   Cash received on common share subscriptions
    529       815       946  
   Dividends
    (2,571 )     (2,512 )     (2,359 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (13,822 )     (5,297 )     1,646  
                         
                         
Increase (Decrease) in cash
    (282 )     (1,344 )     2,201  
Cash, beginning of year
    2,101       3,445       1,244  
Cash, end of year
  $ 1,819     $ 2,101     $ 3,445  
                         
                         
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
                       


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


A.  The Company's Business

The Davey Tree Expert Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) provides a wide range of horticultural services to residential, commercial, utility and institutional customers throughout the United States and Canada.

Residential and Commercial Services provides for the treatment, preservation, maintenance, cultivation, planting and removal of trees, shrubs and other plant life; its services also include the practice of landscaping, tree surgery, tree feeding, and tree spraying, as well as the application of fertilizer, herbicides and insecticides.

Utility Services is principally engaged in the practice of line clearing for public utilities, including the clearing of tree growth from power lines, clearance of rights-of-way and chemical brush control.

Resource Group provides services related to natural resource management and consulting, forestry research and development, and environmental planning and also maintains research, technical support and laboratory diagnostic facilities.


B.  Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation--The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Davey Tree Expert Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Certain reclassifications of prior years’ amounts have been made to the presentation adopted for 2007.

Use of Estimates in Financial Statement Preparation--The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Property and Equipment--Property and equipment are stated at cost. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed for financial reporting purposes by the straight-line method for land improvements, building and leasehold improvements and by the double-declining method for equipment, based on the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

Land improvements
5 to 20 years
Buildings
5 to 20 years
Equipment
3 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life; ranging from 5 to 20 years

The amortization of assets acquired under capital leases is included in depreciation expense.


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


B.  Accounting Policies (continued)

Intangible Assets--Intangible assets with finite lives, primarily customer lists, noncompete agreements and tradenames, are amortized by the straight-line method based on their estimated useful lives, ranging from one to ten years. Goodwill is assessed for impairment, at least annually. No impairment charges were incurred during 2007, 2006 or 2005 as the fair value of goodwill exceeded the carrying amount.

Long-Lived Assets--The Company assesses potential impairment to its long-lived assets, other than goodwill, when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances have made recovery of the asset’s carrying value unlikely and the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flow. In the event the assessment indicates that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, an impairment loss would be recognized to reduce the asset’s carrying amount to its estimated fair value based on the present value of the estimated future cash flows.

Self-Insurance Accruals--The Company is generally self-insured for losses and liabilities related primarily to workers’ compensation, vehicle liability and general liability claims. The Company uses commercial insurance as a risk-reduction strategy to minimize catastrophic losses. Ultimate losses are accrued based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and based on Company-specific experience.

The self-insurance accruals include claims for which the ultimate losses will develop over a period of years. Accordingly, the estimates of ultimate losses can change as claims mature. The accruals also are affected by changes in the number of new claims incurred and claim severity. The methods for estimating the ultimate losses and the total cost of claims were determined by external consulting actuaries; the resulting accruals are continually reviewed by management, and any adjustments arising from changes in estimates are reflected in income currently. The self-insurance accruals are based on estimates, and while management believes that the amounts accrued are adequate and not excessive, the ultimate claims may be in excess of or less than the amounts provided.

Stock-Based Compensation--Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised), “Share-Based Payment” (“FAS 123R”). FAS 123R requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, to be recognized as compensation costs in the financial statements based on their estimated fair values over the requisite employee service period (that is, pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative to financial statement recognition).  Prior to January 1, 2006, in accordance with FASB Statement No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” the Company followed Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”).  Under APB 25, no stock-based compensation expense was recognized related to the Company’s stock options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as all options granted under the stock option plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant and, with respect to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the discount did not exceed 15%.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans--On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted FASB Statement No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (“FAS 158”)—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R). The adoption of FAS 158 had no effect on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006, or for any prior period presented, and it will not affect the Company’s operating results in future periods. As a result of adopting FAS 158, the funded status of the defined benefit pension plans was recognized in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2006 with subsequent changes in the funded status recognized in comprehensive income (loss) in the years in which they occur.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


B.  Accounting Policies (continued)

Income Taxes--The Company computes taxes on income in accordance with the tax rules and regulations where the income is earned. The income tax rates imposed by these taxing authorities vary. Taxable income may differ from pretax income for financial reporting purposes. To the extent differences are due to revenue and expense items reported in one period for tax purposes and in another period for financial reporting purposes, provision for deferred taxes is made. Changes in tax rates and laws are reflected in income in the period when such changes are enacted.

Net Income Per Share and Common Shares--Basic net income per share is determined by dividing the income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is computed similar to basic net income per share except that the weighted-average number of shares is increased to include the effect of stock awards that were granted and outstanding during the period and the assumed exercise of stock subscription rights.

Revenue Recognition--Revenues from residential and commercial services are recognized as the services are provided and amounts are determined to be collectible.  Revenues from contractual arrangements, primarily with utility services customers, are recognized based on costs incurred to total estimated contract costs.  During the performance of such contracts, estimated final contract prices and costs are periodically reviewed and revisions are made, as required, to the revenue recognized. On cost-plus-fee contracts, revenue is recognized to the extent of costs incurred plus a proportionate amount of fees earned, and on time-and-material contracts, revenue is recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours worked, plus material and other reimbursable costs incurred. Revisions arise in the normal course of providing services to utility services customers and generally relate to changes in contract specifications and cost allowability. Such revisions are recorded when realization is probable and can be reliably estimated.

Concentration of Credit Risk--Credit risk represents the accounting loss that would be recognized if the counterparties failed to perform as contracted. The principal financial instruments subject to credit risk follow:

Cash and Interest Rate Contracts: To limit its exposure, the Company transacts its business and maintains interest rate contracts with high credit quality financial institutions.

Accounts Receivable: The Company’s residential and commercial customers are located geographically throughout the United States and Canada and, as to commercial customers, within differing industries; thus, minimizing credit risk.  The credit exposure of utility services customers is directly affected by conditions within the utility industries as well as the financial condition of individual customers. One utility services customer approximated 10% of revenues during 2007, 9% during 2006 and 12% during 2005.  To reduce credit risk, the Company evaluates the credit of customers, but generally does not require advance payments or collateral.  Exposure to losses on receivables is principally dependent on each customer’s financial condition.

Currency Translation Adjustments--All assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian operations are translated into United States dollars at year-end exchange rates while revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates in effect during the year.  Translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity.

Interest Rate Risk Management--The Company has entered into an interest rate contract with the objective of altering interest rate exposures related to variable rate debt. In the interest rate contract, the Company has agreed with a financial institution to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated on an agreed-upon notional principal amount.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


B.  Accounting Policies (continued)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)--Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income and other comprehensive income or loss. Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are included in comprehensive income but are excluded from net income as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to shareholders’ equity, net of tax.

Fair Values--The carrying amount of cash, receivables, accounts payable and debt approximates fair value.

Adoption of FASB Interpretation No. 48--Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 applies to all “tax positions” accounted for under FASB Statement No. 109. FIN 48 refers to “tax positions” as positions taken in a previously-filed tax return or positions expected to be taken in a future tax return that are reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities reported in the financial statements. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The adoption of FIN 48 had no effect on the results of operations or financial position.

New Accounting Pronouncement Requiring Adoption--In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“FAS 157”). FAS 157 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to U.S. GAAP requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands presentations about such fair value measurements. The Company is required to adopt FAS 157 in 2008 and is currently evaluating the impact of FAS 157 on its consolidated financial statements.
 
New Accounting Pronouncement Requiring Adoption--In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities–Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“FAS 159”).  FAS 159 permits entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value.  FAS 159 requires unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option is elected to be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date.  The Company will not apply the Fair Value Option to any of its existing financial assets or financial liabilities.
 
New Accounting Pronouncement Requiring Adoption--In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141R”), which replaces FAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” FAS 141R retains the underlying concepts of FAS 141 in that all business combinations are still required to be accounted for at fair value under the acquisition method of accounting but FAS 141R changed the method of applying the acquisition method in a number of significant aspects. Early adoption is not permitted.  The Company is required to adopt FAS 141R prospectively for any acquisitions on or after January 1, 2009.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


C.  Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net, consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
             
Accounts receivable
  $ 69,326     $ 68,370  
Receivables under contractual arrangements
    5,426       6,151  
                 
      74,752       74,521  
Less allowances for doubtful accounts
    2,741       4,092  
                 
    $ 72,011     $ 70,429  
                 
 
Receivables under contractual arrangements consist of work-in-process in accordance with the terms of contracts, primarily with utility services customers.


D.  Supplemental Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Information

The following items comprise the amounts included in the balance sheets:

   
December 31,
 
Other current assets
 
2007
   
2006
 
             
     Refundable income taxes
  $ 1,099     $ -  
     Deferred income taxes
    7,297       6,091  
     Other
    1,362       2,816  
     Total
  $ 9,758     $ 8,907  
 
   
December 31,
 
Other assets, noncurrent
 
2007
   
2006
 
                 
     Pension assets
  $ 4,356     $ 2,972  
     Deferred income taxes
    5,114       3,763  
     Deposits
    1,667       1,362  
     Assets invested for self-insurance
    8,660       5,084  
     Total
  $ 19,797     $ 13,181  
 
   
December 31,
 
Accrued expenses
 
2007
   
2006
 
                 
     Employee compensation
  $ 11,554     $ 10,743  
     Accrued compensated absences
    4,904       3,476  
     Self-insured medical claims
    2,698       2,750  
     Customer advances, deposits
    2,711       1,094  
     Income taxes payable
    -       1,086  
     Taxes, other than income
    1,043       1,275  
     Other
    3,401       2,211  
     Total
  $ 26,311     $ 22,635  
 
   
December 31,
 
Other liabilities, noncurrent
 
2007
   
2006
 
                 
Pension and retirement plans
  $ 2,492     $ 2,273  
Other
    2,082       363  
Total
  $ 4,574     $ 2,636  
 
 

The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


D.  Supplemental Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Information (continued)

Supplemental cash flow information follows:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
Supplemental cash flow information
 
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
                   
     Interest paid
  $ 2,920     $ 2,804     $ 2,161  
     Income taxes paid, net
    14,963       11,806       12,975  
     Noncash transactions:
                       
          Debt issued for purchases of businesses
    1,807       1,467       -  
     Detail of acquisitions:
                       
     Assets acquired:
                       
          Cash
  $ -     $ 49     $ -  
          Receivables
    -       547       -  
          Equipment
    811       614       411  
          Intangibles
    3,801       3,914       576  
          Prepaids
    -       -       58  
     Liabilities assumed
    (330 )     (1,111 )     -  
     Debt issued for purchases of businesses
    (1,807 )     (1,467 )     -  
              Cash paid
  $ 2,475     $ 2,546     $ 1,045  
 
 
E.  Business Combinations, Identified Intangible Assets and Goodwill, Net

Business Combinations--Our investments in businesses were: (a) $4,612 in 2007, including liabilities assumed of $330 and debt issued of $1,807; (b) $5,124 in 2006, including liabilities assumed of $1,111 and debt issued of $1,467; and, (c) $1,045 in 2005.
 
The net assets of the businesses acquired are accounted for under the purchase method and were recorded at their fair values at the dates of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired was recorded as an increase in goodwill of approximately $1,820 in 2007 (all of which is deductible for tax purposes), $1,999 in 2006 (of which $262 is deductible for tax purposes and $1,737 is not deductible for tax purposes); and, $136 in 2005 (all of which is deductible for tax purposes).
 
The results of operations of acquired businesses have been included in the consolidated statements of operations beginning as of the effective dates of acquisition. The purchase price allocation for acquisitions is subject to the finalization of the valuation of certain assets and liabilities, plans for consolidation and other integration activities. As a result, preliminary amounts assigned to assets and liabilities may be revised in future periods. Fully-amortized assets are written-off against accumulated amortization.
 


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


E.  Business Combinations, Identified Intangible Assets and Goodwill, Net (continued)

Identified Intangible Assets and Goodwill, Net--The carrying amount of the identified intangibles and goodwill acquired in connection with our investments in businesses were as follows.

 
Weighted-
                       
 
Average
 
December 31, 2007
   
December 31, 2006
 
 
Amortization
 
Carrying
   
Accumulated
   
Carrying
   
Accumulated
 
 
Period (Years)
 
Amount
   
Amortization
   
Amount
   
Amortization
 
                           
Amortized intangible assets:
                         
Customer lists/relationships
6.2 years
  $ 8,435     $ 6,509     $ 7,229     $ 5,875  
Employment-related
5.0 years
    2,847       2,235       2,449       1,846  
Trademarks
5.6 years
    1,489       866       1,082       675  
                                   
Total
      12,771     $ 9,610       10,760     $ 8,396  
                                   
Less accumulated amortization
      9,610               8,396          
                                   
     Identified intangibles, net
    3,161               2,364          
Unamortized intangible assets:
                                 
Goodwill
Not amortized
    8,569               6,645          
                                   
      $ 11,730             $ 9,009          
                                   
 
Estimated future aggregate amortization expense of intangible assets--The estimated aggregate amortization expense of intangible assets, as of December 31, 2007, in each of the next five years follows.
 
   
Estimated future
   
Amortization Expense
Year ending December 31, 2008
 
 $                                      841
2009
 
                                  756
2010
 
                                  642
2011
 
                                  399
2012
 
                                  232
     

 
 
F.  Short-Term and Long-Term Debt

Short-term debt consisted of the following:

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
 Notes payable
  $ 127     $ 1,060  
 Current portion of long-term debt
    3,843       2,861  
    $ 3,970     $ 3,921  
                 
 
 


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)

F.  Short-Term and Long-Term Debt (continued)

At December 31, 2007, the Company also had unused short-term lines of credit with several banks totaling $8,302, generally at the banks' prime rate.  Long-term debt consisted of the following:

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
 Revolving credit facility
           
        Prime rate borrowings
  $ 7,800     $ 4,500  
        LIBOR borrowings
    17,000       27,000  
        Term loan
    7,000       -  
      31,800       31,500  
 Term loans
    4,142       3,312  
      35,942       34,812  
 Less current portion
    3,843       2,861  
    $ 32,099     $ 31,951  
                 
 
Revolving Credit Facility--We have a $147,000 revolving credit facility with a group of banks, which will expire in December 2011 and permits borrowings, as defined, up to $147,000 with a letter of credit sublimit of $100,000. The revolving credit facility contains certain affirmative and negative covenants customary for this type of facility and includes financial covenant ratios, as defined, with respect to funded debt to EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization), and funded debt to capitalization.  Included in the credit facility is a $7,000 seven-year term loan entered into in November 2007 that requires quarterly principal installments of $250, plus interest.

As of December 31, 2007, the Company had unused commitments under the facility approximating $64,555, with $82,445 committed under the facility, consisting of borrowings of $31,800 (including the $7,000 term loan) and issued letters of credit of $50,645.  Borrowings outstanding bear interest, at the Company’s option, at the agent bank’s prime rate or LIBOR plus a margin adjustment ranging from .65% to 1.45%, based on a ratio of funded debt to EBITDA.  A commitment fee ranging from .11% to .19% is also required based on the average daily unborrowed commitment.

Term Loans, Weighted-Average Interest Rate--The weighted-average interest on the term loans approximated 7.32% (8.05% at December 31, 2006).

Aggregate Maturities of Long-Term Debt--Aggregate maturities of long-term debt for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2007 were as follows: 2008--$3,844; 2009--$1,730; 2010--$1,418; 2011--$25,950; 2012--$1,000.

Interest Rate Contracts--The Company uses interest rate contracts to effectively convert a portion of variable-rate revolving credit borrowings to a fixed rate, thus reducing the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense.  As of December 31, 2007, the Company had two interest rate contracts outstanding, each with an underlying notional amount totaling $10,000, requiring interest to be paid at 4.96% maturing in November 2008 and at 5.15% maturing in March 2012.  The fair value of the interest rate contracts is the amount quoted by the financial institution that the Company would pay or receive to terminate the agreements, a liability of $551 at December 31, 2007.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


G.  Self-Insurance Accruals

Components of the Company’s self-insurance accruals for workers’ compensation, vehicle liability and general liability follow:

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
             
 Workers' compensation
  $ 28,160     $ 26,959  
 Present value discount
    2,485       2,980  
      25,675       23,979  
 Vehicle liability
    6,111       6,779  
 General liability
    17,177       12,166  
 Total
    48,963       42,924  
 Less current portion
    20,253       17,208  
 Noncurrent portion
  $ 28,710     $ 25,716  
                 

The table below reconciles the changes in the self-insurance accruals for losses and related payments and sets forth the discount rate used for the workers’ compensation accrual.

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
             
Balance, beginning of year
  $ 42,924     $ 37,510  
Provision for claims
    26,044       27,211  
Payment of claims
    20,005       21,797  
Balance, end of year
  $ 48,963     $ 42,924  
                 
Workers' compensation discount rate
    4.50 %     4.50 %
                 

H.  Lease Obligations

Assets acquired under capital leases and included in property and equipment consisted of the following:

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Equipment
  $ 316     $ 4,752  
Less accumulated amortization
    256       3,889  
    $ 60     $ 863  
                 



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


H.  Lease Obligations (continued)

The Company also leases facilities under noncancelable operating leases, which are used for district office and warehouse operations. These leases extend for varying periods of time up to five years and, in some cases, contain renewal options. Minimum rental commitments under all capital and noncancelable operating leases, as of December 31, 2007 were as follows:

   
Lease Obligations
 
 Minimum lease obligations
 
Capital
   
Operating
 
             
Year ending December 31, 2008
  $ 522     $ 3,109  
2009
    454       2,179  
2010
    -       1,525  
2011
    -       949  
2012
    -       279  
2013 and after
    -       496  
           Total minimum lease payments
    976     $ 8,537  
           Amounts representing interest
    45          
           Present value of net minimum lease payments
    931          
           Less current portion
    487          
           Long-term capital lease obligations, December 31, 2007
  $ 444          
                 
                 
 
Total rent expense under all operating leases was $3,643 in 2007, $3,115 in 2006 and $2,688 in 2005.


I.  Common Shares and Preferred Shares

The Company has authorized a class of 4,000,000 preferred shares, no par value, of which none were issued.

The number of common shares authorized is 24,000,000, par value $1.00. The number of common shares issued was 10,728,440 during each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. The number of shares in the treasury for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 was as follows: 2007--3,462,550;  2006--3,218,059;  and 2005--3,227,517.

The Company's common shares are not listed or traded on an established public trading market, and market prices are, therefore, not available. Semiannually, an independent stock valuation firm determines the fair market value of the Company’s common shares based upon the Company's performance and financial condition. Since 1979, the Company has provided a ready market for all shareholders through its direct purchase of their common shares, although the Company is under no obligation to do so. During 2007, purchases of common shares totaled 587,854 shares for $16,974 in cash; the Company also had direct sales to directors and employees of 40,727 shares for $608, excluding those shares issued through either the exercise of options or the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. It also sold 96,889 shares to the Company's 401(k) plan for $3,900 and issued 39,173 shares to participant accounts to satisfy its liability for the 2006 employer match in the amount of $1,015.  The liability accrued at December 31, 2007 for the 2007 employer match was $1,083. There were also 62,637 shares purchased during 2007 under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)

I.  Common Shares and Preferred Shares (continued)

Common Shares Outstanding--The table below reconciles the activity of the common shares outstanding.

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
             
Shares outstanding, beginning of year
    7,510,381       7,500,923  
                 
Shares purchased
    (587,854 )     (642,095 )
Shares sold
    239,426       239,176  
Stock subscription offering -- cash purchases
    61,670       39,609  
Options exercised
    42,267       372,768  
      (244,491 )     9,458  
                 
Shares outstanding, end of year
    7,265,890       7,510,381  
                 
 
On December 31, 2007, the Company had 7,265,890 common shares outstanding, options exercisable to purchase 424,458 common shares, partially-paid subscriptions for 630,947 common shares and purchase rights outstanding for 247,932 common shares.

The partially-paid subscriptions relate to common shares purchased at $12.00 per share, in connection with the stock subscription offering completed in August 2002, whereby some employees opted to finance their subscription with a down-payment of at least 10% of their total purchase price and a seven- year promissory note for the balance due, bearing interest at 4.75% per year.  Promissory note payments, of both principal and interest, are made either by payroll deduction or annual lump-sum payment.  The promissory notes are collateralized with the common shares subscribed and the common shares are only issued when the related promissory note is paid-in-full.  Dividends are paid on all unissued subscribed shares.

The purchase rights outstanding were granted, in connection with the stock subscription offering completed in August 2002, to all employees (excluding directors, officers and certain operations management) that purchased $5 or more of common stock. A right to purchase one additional common share at $12.00 per share was granted for every two common shares purchased. Each right may be exercised at the rate of one-seventh per year and will expire seven years after the date that the right was granted.  Employees may not exercise a right should they cease to be employed by the Company.

J.  The Davey 401KSOP and Employee Stock Ownership Plan

On March 15, 1979, the Company consummated a plan, which transferred control of the Company to its employees. As a part of this plan, the Company initially sold 120,000 common shares (presently, 5,760,000 common shares adjusted for stock splits) to the Company's Employee Stock Ownership Trust (“ESOT”) for $2,700. The Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), in conjunction with the related ESOT, provided for the grant to certain employees of certain ownership rights in, but not possession of, the common shares held by the trustee of the Trust. Annual allocations of shares have been made to individual accounts established for the benefit of the participants.

Defined Contribution and Savings Plans--Most employees are eligible to participate in the “The Davey 401KSOP and ESOP.” Effective January 1, 1997, the plan commenced operations and retained the existing ESOP participant accounts and incorporated a deferred savings plan (401(k) plan) feature. Participants in the plan are allowed to make before-tax contributions, within Internal Revenue Service established limits, through payroll deductions. The Company will match, in either cash or Company stock, 50% of each participant's before-tax contribution, limited to the first 3% of the employee's compensation deferred each year. All nonbargaining domestic employees who attained age 21 and completed one year of service are eligible to participate. In May 2004, the Company adopted the 401K Match Restoration Plan, a defined contribution plan that supplements the retirement benefits of certain employees that participate in the savings plan feature of The Davey 401KSOP and ESOP Plan, but are limited in contributions because of tax rules and regulations.


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)

J.  The Davey 401KSOP and Employee Stock Ownership Plan (continued)

Total compensation for these plans, consisting primarily of the employer match was $1,083 in 2007, $1,015 in 2006, and $943 in 2005.


K.  Stock-Based Compensation

The Davey Tree Expert Company 2004 Omnibus Stock Plan (the “Stock Plan”) was approved by the Company's shareholders at its annual shareholders' meeting in May 2004. The Stock Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, with the maximum number of common shares that may be granted to or purchased by all employees and directors under the Stock Plan being 5,000,000. In addition to the maintenance of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the Stock Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, stock purchase rights, stock equivalent units, cash awards, and other stock or performance-based incentives. These awards are payable in cash or common shares, or any combination thereof, as established by the Compensation Committee.

Stock-Based Plans--The Stock Plan consolidates into a single plan provisions for the grant of stock options and other stock-based incentives and maintenance of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Prior to adoption of the Stock Plan and its predecessor, the 1994 Omnibus Stock Plan, the Company had two qualified stock option plans available for officers and management employees; the final grant of awards under those plans was December 10, 1993. The maximum number of shares that may be issued upon exercise of stock options, other than director options and nonqualified stock options, is 1,600,000 during the ten-year term of the Stock Plan. Shares purchased since 1994 under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan were 1,583,224. Each nonemployee director elected or appointed, and reelected or reappointed, will receive a director option that gives the right to purchase, for six years, 4,000 common shares at the fair market value per share at date of grant. The director options are exercisable six months from the date of grant. The aggregate number of common shares available for grant and the maximum number of shares
granted annually are based on formulas defined in the Stock Plan.  The grant of awards, other than director options, is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.  Shares available for grant at December 31, 2007 were 530,193.

Adoption of FASB Statement No. 123R (“FAS 123R”)--Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted FAS 123R, “Share-Based Payment.” FAS 123R requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, to be recognized as compensation costs in the financial statements based on their estimated fair values over the requisite employee service period (that is, pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative to financial statement recognition).

Prior to January 1, 2006, in accordance with FASB Statement No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” the Company followed APB 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.” Under APB 25, no stock-based compensation expense was recognized related to the Company’s stock options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as all options granted under the stock option plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant and, with respect to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the discount did not exceed 15%.

Under FAS 123R, all new grants of employee stock options awarded after December 31, 2005 to employees and subscriptions to purchase shares under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan after December 31, 2005 result in compensation costs being recognized. In adopting FAS 123R, there was no effect on prior period financial statements as compensation costs are only permitted to be recognized prospectively.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


K.  Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

Stock-based compensation expense under all share-based payment plans – our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, stock option plans, and performance-based restricted stock units – included in the results of operations follows:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
                   
Compensation expense, all share-based payment plans
  $ 1,520     $ 1,139     $ 277  
Income tax benefit
    442       346       105  

As a result of adopting FAS 123R on January 1, 2006, reported results for the year ended December 31, 2006, were lower than if the Company had continued to account for share-based compensation under APB 25, as follows: (i) income before income taxes--$583; (ii) net income--$361; (iii) basic net income per share--$.04; and, (iv) diluted net income per share--$.04.

Stock-based compensation consisted of the following:

Employee Stock Purchase Plan--Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, all full-time employees with one year of service are eligible to purchase, through payroll deduction, common shares. Employee purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan are at 85% of the fair market value of the common shares--a 15% discount. Purchases under the plan, at 85% of the fair market value of the common shares, have been as follows:

   
  Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
                   
                   
Number of employees participating
    990       918       994  
                         
Shares purchased during the year
    62,637       65,622       66,355  
                         
Weighted-average per share purchase price paid
  $ 23.21     $ 19.76     $ 17.43  
                         
Cumulative shares purchased since 1982
    3,893,128       3,830,491       3,764,869  

Compensation costs are recognized as payroll deductions are made. The 15% discount of total shares purchased under the plan resulted in compensation cost recognized of $256 in 2007 and $229 in 2006.

Stock Option Plans--Since adopting FAS 123R on January 1, 2006  and through the year ended December 31, 2007 there were 246,000 stock option awards granted. The stock option awards were granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the dates of grant. The stock options were awarded under a graded vesting schedule and have a term of ten years. Compensation costs for stock options are recognized over the requisite service period on the straight-line recognition method. Compensation cost recognized for stock options was $343 in 2007 and $217 in 2006.




The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


K.  Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units--During February 2007, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors awarded 24,193 Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units to certain management employees. Similar awards were made in prior periods. The awards vest over specified periods. The following table summarizes Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units as of December 31, 2007.

Performance-Based
Restricted Stock Units
 
Number of
Stock Units
   
Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Value
 
Weighted-Average
Contractual
Life
 
Unrecognized Compensation
Cost
 
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
                       
Unvested, January 1, 2007
    118,648     $ 18.85            
Granted
    24,193       25.90            
Forfeited
    -                    
Vested
    -                    
                           
Unvested, December 31, 2007
    142,841     $ 20.05  
 .9 years
 
 $                         860
 
 $                 4,100
                           

The fair value of the restricted stock units for awards made prior to January 1, 2006 is based on the market price of the Company’s common shares on the date of award and is recognized as compensation cost on the straight-line recognition method over the vesting period. Under the provisions of FAS 123R, compensation cost for awards made after December 31, 2005 is determined using a fair-value method, amortized over the requisite service period. “Intrinsic value” is defined as the amount by which the fair market value of a common share of stock exceeds the exercise price of a performance-based restricted stock unit. Compensation expense on restricted stock awards totaled $921 for the year ended December 31, 2007 and $693 for the year ended December 31, 2006.

For stock-based awards issued on or after January 1, 2006, the fair value of each award was estimated on the date of grant using a binomial option-pricing model. The binomial model considers a range of assumptions related to volatility, risk-free interest rate and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities utilized in the binomial model are based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock prices and other factors. Similarly, the dividend yield is based on historical experience and expected future changes. The binomial model also incorporates exercise and forfeiture assumptions based on an analysis of historical data. The expected life of the stock-based awards is derived from the output of the binomial model and represents the period of time that awards granted are expected to be outstanding.

The fair values of stock-based awards granted during the year ended December 31, 2007 were estimated at the date of grant with the following assumptions: volatility—13.4%; expected dividend yield—1.5%; risk-free interest rate—4.5%; and, expected life of the award—8.2 years.  The fair values of stock-based awards granted during the year ended December 31, 2006 were estimated at the date of the grant with the following assumptions: volatility—14.1%; expected dividend yield—1.5%; risk-free interest rate—4.7%; and, expected life of the award—8.2 years.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


K.  Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

General Stock Option Information--The following table summarizes activity under the stock option plans for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
   
Number
of Options
 
Weighted-Average
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
 
Unrecognized
Compensation
   
Aggregate
Instrinic
 
Stock Options
 
Outstanding
 
Exercise Price
 
 Contractual Life
 
Cost
   
Value
 
 Outstanding, January 1, 2007
    767,525       $16.34                
 Granted
    8,000       25.90                
 Exercised
    (42,267 )     13.32                
 Forfeited
    (22,300 )     14.30                
 Outstanding, December 31, 2007
    710,958       16.69  
6.9 years
  $ 11,867     $ 8,539  
                                   
 Exercisable, December 31, 2007
    424,458       14.94  
6.2 years
          $ 5,841  
                                   
 
“Intrinsic value” is defined as the amount by which the market price of a common share of stock exceeds the exercise price of an option.  Information regarding the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2007 is summarized below:

 
Stock Options
Exercise Price
 
 
Number
Outstanding
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
 
 
Number 
Exercisable
 
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Employee options:
                   
$13.50
 
                       448,058
 
5.9 years
 
$13.50
 
       345,558
 
$13.50
                                               22.50
 
                       227,300
 
8.4 years
 
         22.50
 
         43,300
 
            22.50
   
                       675,358
 
7.0 years
 
         16.53
 
       388,858
 
            14.50
   Director options:
                   
 $11.00 to $22.50
 
                         35,600
 
3.7 years
 
         19.78
 
         35,600
 
            19.78
   
                       710,958
 
6.9 years
 
         16.69
 
       424,458
 
            14.94
                     

The Company issues common shares from treasury upon the exercise of stock options, restricted stock units or purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


L.  Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Substantially all of the Company's domestic employees are covered by noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. A plan for nonbargaining employees provides a benefit based primarily on annual compensation up to a defined level and years of credited service. Another plan is for bargaining employees not covered by union pension plans and provides benefits at a fixed monthly amount based upon length of service.  During May 2004, the Company adopted a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) and a Benefit Restoration Pension Plan (“Restoration Plan”) for certain key employees. Both the SERP and the Restoration Plan are defined benefit plans under which nonqualifed supplemental pension benefits will be paid in addition to amounts paid under the Company's qualified retirement defined benefit pension plans, which are subject to Internal Revenue Service limitations on covered compensation.

The change in benefit obligations and the fair value of plans assets follows:

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Change in benefit obligation
           
             
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
  $ 25,622     $ 24,974  
Service cost
    1,581       1,357  
Interest cost
    1,589       1,476  
Amendments
    -       36  
Settlements
    101       -  
Actuarial gain
    (530 )     (744 )
Benefits paid
    (2,831 )     (1,477 )
                 
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
  $ 25,532     $ 25,622  
                 
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year
  $ 22,569     $ 22,626  
                 
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Change in fair value of plan assets
               
                 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
  $ 27,501     $ 27,843  
Actual return on plan assets
    3,781       1,026  
Employer contributions
    164       109  
Benefits paid
    (2,831 )     (1,477 )
                 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
  $ 28,615     $ 27,501  
                 
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Funded status of the plans
               
                 
Fair value of plan assets
  $ 28,615     $ 27,501  
Benefit obligation
    25,532       25,622  
Funded status of the plans
  $ 3,083     $ 1,879  




The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


L.  Defined Benefit Pension Plans (continued)

   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets
           
             
Noncurrent assets
  $ 4,356     $ 2,972  
Current liability
    (12 )     (17 )
Noncurrent liability
    (1,261 )     (1,076 )
Funded status of the plans
  $ 3,083     $ 1,879  
                 
 
Adoption of FASB Statement No. 158 (“FAS 158”)--On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted FASB Statement No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (“FAS 158”)an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R).  The adoption of FAS 158 had no effect on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006, or for any prior period presented, and it will not affect the Company’s operating results in future periods.

As a result of adopting FAS 158, on December 31, 2006, the Company reflected the funded status of its defined benefit pension plans by reducing its net pension asset by $5,834 to reflect actuarial and investment losses that had been deferred pursuant to prior pension accounting rules and recorded (i) a corresponding deferred tax asset of $2,217, (ii) a reduction in accrued pension obligations of $208 and (iii) a net after-tax charge of $3,409 in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity.

The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption of FAS 158 represents the net unrecognized actuarial losses, unrecognized prior service costs, and unrecognized transition asset remaining from the initial adoption of FASB Statement No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions” (“FAS 87”), all of which were previously netted against the plan’s funded status in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet pursuant to the requirements of FAS 87. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic pension cost pursuant to the Company’s historical accounting policy for amortizing such amounts. Further, actuarial gains and losses that arise in subsequent periods and are not recognized as net periodic pension cost in the same periods will be recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. Those amounts will be subsequently recognized as a component of net periodic pension cost on the same basis as the amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption of FAS 158.

Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), related to FAS 158 follow:

   
At December 31, 2007
   
At December 31, 2006
 
   
Pretax
   
Net of Tax
   
Pretax
   
Net of Tax
 
                         
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income
                       
                         
Unrecognized net actuarial loss
  $ 3,632     $ 2,252     $ 6,088     $ 3,774  
Unrecognized prior service cost
    245       152       224       139  
Unrecognized transition asset
    (275 )     (171 )     (357 )     (221 )
    $ 3,602     $ 2,233     $ 5,955     $ 3,692  
                                 


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


L.  Defined Benefit Pension Plans (continued)

The estimated costs that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic pension cost during the year ending December 31, 2008 follow:
 
   
Year Ending
 
   
December 31, 2008
 
   
Pretax
   
Net of Tax
 
Amortization of Costs Expected to be Recognized Next Year
           
             
Unrecognized net actuarial loss
  $ 40     $ 25  
Unrecognized prior service cost
    31       19  
Unrecognized transition asset
    (69 )     (43 )
    $ 2     $ 1  

The aggregate projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for plans in which the fair value of plan assets is less than either the projected benefit obligation or accumulated benefit obligation follow:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
For pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets
           
             
Projected benefit obligation
  $ 2,123     $ 2,266  
Accumulated benefit obligation
    1,904       2,101  
Fair value of plan assets
    850       1,173  

The actuarial assumptions follow.  The discount rates were used to measure the year-end benefit obligation and compute pension expense for the subsequent year.
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Actuarial assumptions
           
             
Discount rate
    6.25 %     6.00 %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    8.00       8.00  
Rate of increase in future compensation levels
    4.50       4.50  
 
Net periodic benefit expense (income) associated with the defined benefit pension plans included the following components:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Components of pension expense (income)
                 
                   
Service costs--increase in benefit obligation earned
  $ 1,581     $ 1,357     $ 1,272  
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
    1,589       1,476       1,408  
Expected return on plan assets
    (2,146 )     (2,177 )     (1,987 )
Settlements
    72       -       -  
Amortization of net actuarial loss
    256       220       449  
Amortization of prior service cost
    32       71       281  
Amortization of transition asset
    (72 )     (72 )     (72 )
Net pension expense of defined benefit pension plans
  $ 1,312     $ 875     $ 1,351  
                         


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


L.  Defined Benefit Pension Plans (continued)

In 2007, the post-retirement mortality table was updated to better anticipate future experience. “Settlements” in the above table reflects vested obligations fully-settled with former employees whose accrued benefits had a present value of less than $5.

Multiemployer Pension Plans Contributions--In addition to the Company-sponsored defined benefit plans, the Company contributes to several multiemployer plans. Total pension expense for multiemployer plans was $986 in 2007, $758 in 2006, and $597 in 2005.

Plan Assets--The percentages of the fair value of total plan assets, by major category, were as follows, along with the target range-of-percentage allocations for 2007 used as investment strategy.

   
Percentage of Plan Assets
 
Target
   
at December 31,
 
Allocations
   
2007
   
2006
 
2008
Plan assets -- asset category
             
               
   Equity securities
    71 %     71 %
55% to 80%
   Debt securities
    29       29  
28% to 33%
                Total
    100 %     100 %  
                   

Investment Strategy and Risk Management for Plan Assets--The Company's investment strategy for the plan assets is to manage the assets in order to pay retirement benefits to plan participants while minimizing cash contributions from the Company over the life of the plans. This is accomplished by preserving capital through diversification in high-quality investments and earning an acceptable long-term rate of return consistent with an acceptable degree of risk, while considering the liquidity needs of the plans. Target range-of-percentage allocations to major categories of plan assets are based on the expected returns for the following 12-to-18 months. Equity securities are expected to be well-diversified and consist mainly of domestic and foreign issues, with no single holding exceeding 7% of total equity securities. Debt securities consist of fixed-income issues, generally with a laddered-maturity structure ranging from 1-to-12 years. There is no specific prohibition to investing in real estate. Derivatives, options or leverage are not used.

Rate-of-return-on-assets assumptions are made by major category of plan assets according to historical analysis, tempered for an assessment of possible future influences that could cause the returns to exceed or trail long-term patterns. The overall expected long-term rate-of-return-on-plan assets, as at
December 31, 2007, was 8.3%.

Expected Benefit Plan Payments--The benefits, as of December 31, 2007, expected to be paid to defined-benefit plan participants in each of the next five years, and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter, follow.

   
Participants
 
   
Benefits
 
       
Estimated future payments
     
       
Year ending December 31, 2008
  $ 1,009  
2009
    1,052  
2010
    1,091  
2011
    1,134  
2012
    1,190  
                        Years 2013 to 2017
    7,378  
         


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


L.  Defined Benefit Pension Plans (continued)

Expected Benefit Plan Contributions--The Company expects, as of December 31, 2007, to make defined-benefit contributions totaling $555 before December 31, 2008.


M.  Income Taxes

Income before income taxes was attributable to the following sources:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
                   
United States
  $ 21,432     $ 17,936     $ 18,190  
Canada
    7,088       3,987       2,263  
Totals
  $ 28,520     $ 21,923     $ 20,453  
                         
 
The provision for income taxes follows:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
                   
Currently payable:
                 
  Federal
  $ 9,629     $ 8,004     $ 13,138  
  State
 
  1,333       1,573       2,010  
  Canadian
    2,112       1,223       631  
                         
Total current
    13,074       10,800       15,779  
Deferred taxes
    (2,633 )     (2,894 )     (8,637 )
Total taxes on income
  $ 10,441     $ 7,906     $ 7,142  
                         

A reconciliation of the expected statutory U.S. federal rate to the Company’s actual effective income tax rate follows:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate
    35.0 %     35.0 %     35.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
    2.9       4.5       3.5  
Effect of Canadian income taxes
    (.6 )     (.5 )     (.7 )
All other, net
    (.7 )     (2.9 )     (2.9 )
Effective income tax rate
    36.6 %     36.1 %     34.9 %
                         

Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


M.  Income Taxes (continued)

Significant components of the Company's current net deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, were as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
             
Deferred tax assets:
           
Accrued compensated absences
  $ 1,056     $ 692  
Self-insurance accruals
    5,641       5,363  
Other assets (liabilities), net
    600       36  
Net deferred income tax assets--current
  $ 7,297     $ 6,091  
                 
 
Significant components of the Company's noncurrent net deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, were as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
Self-insurance accruals
  $ 11,608     $ 9,540  
Intangibles
    745       706  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    336       685  
Accrued stock compensation
    895       452  
Other future deductible amounts, net
    1,078       1,121  
      14,662       12,504  
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Property and equipment
    8,322       8,030  
Defined benefit pension plans
    1,226       711  
      9,548       8,741  
Net deferred income tax assets --noncurrent
  $ 5,114     $ 3,763  
                 

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48. On January 1, 2007, the Company had $3,152 of unrecognized tax benefits, of which $1,088 would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. Also, as of January 1, 2007, the Company had accrued interest expense related to the unrecognized tax benefits of $406. The adoption of FIN 48 had no effect on the results of operations or financial position. The table below reconciles the changes in unrecognized tax benefits:
 
         
     
Year Ended
     
December 31, 2007
Balance, January 1, 2007
  $
3,152
 
         
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
 
           222
 
Additions for tax positions of prior years
   
           193
 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
   
          (567)
 
Reductions for tax positions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations
   
          (453)
 
Balance, December 31, 2007
  $
2,547
 
         



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)

M.  Income Taxes (continued)

As of December 31, 2007, the Company had $918 of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. Also, as of December 31, 2007, the Company had accrued interest expense related to the unrecognized tax benefits of $202. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized as a component of income tax expense.
 
The Company does not anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change prior to December 31, 2008, based on tax years open to examination. The tax years from 2003 to 2007 remain open to examination by the major tax jurisdictions to which the Company and its subsidiaries are subject.


N.  Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of comprehensive income (loss) that relate to the Company are net income, currency translation adjustments, the change in fair value of the interest rate contracts designated as effective cash- flow hedges and, prior to the adoption of FAS 158, minimum pension liability adjustments. On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted FAS 158 which requires that employers (i) recognize the funded status of their defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans in their balance sheet and (ii) recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost.

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) follow:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Comprehensive Income
                 
Net income
  $ 18,079     $ 14,017     $ 13,311  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
                       
     Currency translation adjustments
    2,320       (35 )     253  
     Interest rate contract, change in fair value
    (570 )     88       (56 )
     Defined benefit pension plan adjustment
    2,353       -       -  
     Minimum pension liability adjustments
    -       (271 )     73  
     Other comprehensive income (loss),before income taxes
    4,103       (218 )     270  
     Income tax benefit (expense), related to items items of other comprehensive income
    (678 )     76       (6 )
             Other comprehensive income (loss)
    3,425       (142 )     264  
                         
Comprehensive income
  $ 21,504     $ 13,875     $ 13,575  
                         

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, included in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets follow:

   
December 31,
 
Accumulated comprehensive income (loss)
 
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
                   
                   
     Currency translation adjustments
  $ 2,975     $ 655     $ 690  
     Fair value of interest rate contract
    (342 )     12       (43 )
     Minimum pension liability adjustments
    -       -       (122 )
     Defined benefit pension plans -- FAS 158
    (2,233 )     (3,692 )     -  
     Accumulated comprehensive income (loss)
  $ 400     $ (3,025 )   $ 525  
                         
 
The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


O.  Net Income Per Share

Net income per share is computed as follows:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Income available to common shareholders:
                 
Net income
  $ 18,079     $ 14,017     $ 13,311  
                         
Weighted-average shares:
                       
Basic:
                       
Outstanding
    7,365,029       7,539,617       7,594,463  
Partially-paid share subscriptions
    630,947       697,392       739,697  
 Basic weighted-average shares
    7,995,976       8,237,009       8,334,160  
                         
Diluted:
                       
Basic from above
    7,995,976       8,237,009       8,334,160  
Incremental shares from assumed:
                       
Exercise of stock subscription purchase rights
    139,709       122,005       105,453  
 Exercise of stock options
    286,430       370,857       444,164  
           Diluted weighted-average shares
    8,422,115       8,729,871       8,883,777  
                         
Net income per share:
                       
Basic
  $ 2.26     $ 1.70     $ 1.60  
 Diluted
  $ 2.15     $ 1.61     $ 1.50  
                         
                         
 
P.  Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Information

The Company’s operating results are reported in two segments: Residential and Commercial Services, and Utility Services.

Residential and Commercial Services provides for the treatment, preservation, maintenance, cultivation, planting and removal of trees, shrubs and other plant life; its services also include the practice of landscaping, tree surgery, tree feeding, and tree spraying, as well as the application of fertilizer, herbicides and insecticides. Utility Services is principally engaged in the practice of line clearing for investor-owned and municipal utilities, including the clearing of tree growth from power lines, clearance of rights-of-way and chemical brush control. Davey Resource Group, which provides services related to natural resource management and consulting, forestry research and development, and environmental planning and also maintains research, technical support and laboratory diagnostic facilities, is a nonreportable segment and, along with other operating activities, is included in “All Other.”

Measurement of Segment Profit and Loss and Segment Assets--The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based primarily on operating income and also actively manages business unit operating assets. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies except that (a) the Company computes and recognizes depreciation expense for its segments only by the straight-line method and (b) state income taxes are allocated to the segments. Corporate expenses are substantially allocated among the operating segments, but the nature of expenses allocated may differ from year-to-year. There are no intersegment revenues.

Segment assets are those generated or directly used by each segment, and include accounts receivable, inventory, and property and equipment.


The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


P.  Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Information (continued)

Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to the consolidated financial statements follows:

   
Utility
   
Residential Commercial
   
All
   
 Reconciling
 
     
   
Services
   
Services
   
Other
   
Adjustments
     
Consolidated
 
                                 
Fiscal Year 2007
                               
Revenues
  $ 247,754     $ 222,756     $ 35,628     $ -       $ 506,138  
Income (loss) from operations
    16,145       20,096       1,783       (5,944 )  (a)  
32,080
 
Interest expense
                            (3,422 )       (3,422 )
Interest income
                            404         404  
Other income (expense), net
                            (542 )       (542 )
Income before income taxes
                                    $ 28,520  
                                           
Depreciation
  $ 13,949     $ 9,730     $ 4,406     $ -  
(b)
  $ 28,085  
Capital expenditures
    18,343       13,052       6,192       -         37,587  
Segment assets, total
    96,929       64,792       69,928       -  
(c)
    231,649  
                                           
Fiscal Year 2006
                                         
Revenues
  $ 233,419     $ 207,711     $ 26,404     $ -       $ 467,534  
Income (loss) from operations
    10,338       17,258       3,177       (4,957 )
 (a)
    25,816  
Interest expense
                            (2,768 )       (2,768 )
Interest income
                            176         176  
Other income (expense), net
                            (1,301 )       (1,301 )
Income before income taxes
                                    $ 21,923  
                                           
Depreciation
  $ 12,981     $ 9,543     $ 4,467     $ -  
(b)
  $ 26,991  
Capital expenditures
    16,602       11,407       4,426       -         32,435  
Segment assets, total
    95,223       60,053       52,808       -  
(c)
    208,084  
                                           
Fiscal Year 2005
                                         
Revenues
  $ 209,327     $ 196,461     $ 25,823     $ -       $ 431,611  
Income (loss) from operations
    9,567       13,509       3,186       (3,048 )
 (a)
    23,214  
Interest expense
                            (2,196 )       (2,196 )
Interest income
                            260         260  
Other income (expense), net
                            (825 )       (825 )
Income before income taxes
                                    $ 20,453  
                                           
Depreciation
  $ 10,696     $ 9,378     $ 4,073     $ -  
(b)
  $ 24,147  
Capital expenditures
    16,801       10,892       4,292       -         31,985  
Segment assets, total
    83,610       61,294       49,225       -  
(c)
    194,129  
                                           
 
Reconciling adjustments from segment reporting to consolidated external financial reporting include unallocated corporate items:

(a)
Reclassification of depreciation expense and allocation of corporate expenses.
(b)
Reduction to straight-line depreciation expense from declining balance method and depreciation and amortization of corporate assets.
(c)
Corporate assets include cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, corporate facilities, enterprise-wide information systems, intangibles, and deferred and other nonoperating assets.
 

 

The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


P.  Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Information (continued)

Geographic Information--The following presents revenues and long-lived assets by geographic territory:

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Revenues
                 
                   
United States
  $ 451,078     $ 424,466     $ 398,429  
Canada
    55,060       43,068       33,182  
    $ 506,138     $ 467,534     $ 431,611  
                         
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Long-lived assets, net
                       
                         
United States
  $ 102,966     $ 92,348     $ 85,842  
Canada
    17,003       13,287       11,419  
    $ 119,969     $ 105,635     $ 97,261  
                         


Q.  Commitments and Contingencies

At December 31, 2007, the Company was contingently liable to its principal banks in the amount of $51,745 for letters of credit outstanding primarily related to insurance coverage.

In certain circumstances, the Company has performance obligations that are supported by surety bonds in connection with its contractual commitments.

The Company is party to a number of lawsuits, threatened lawsuits and other claims arising out of the normal course of business. Management is of the opinion that liabilities which may result are adequately covered by insurance, or reflected in the self-insurance accruals, and would not be material in relation to the financial position or results of operations.



The Davey Tree Expert Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
December 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share data)


R.  Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)

The following is a summary of the results of operations for each quarter of 2007 and 2006.

                         
   
Fiscal 2007, Three Months Ended
 
   
Mar 31
   
Jun 30
   
Sept 29
   
Dec 31
 
                         
Revenues
  $ 103,841     $ 143,380     $ 134,300     $ 124,617  
Gross profit
    32,001       55,644       48,768       45,310  
Income (loss) from operations
    (1,185 )     16,851       9,577       6,837  
Net income (loss)
    (1,481 )     9,853       5,650       4,057  
                                 
Net income (loss) per share -- Basic
  $ (.19 )   $ 1.30     $ .76     $ .55  
Net income (loss) per share -- Diluted
  $ (.19 )   $ 1.24     $ .71     $ .52  
                                 
ESOT Valuation per share
  $ 25.90     $ 28.70     $ 28.70     $ 31.60  
                                 
 
   
Fiscal 2006, Three Months Ended
 
   
Apr 1
   
Jul 1
   
Sept 30
   
Dec 31
 
                                 
Revenues
  $ 101,372     $ 132,332     $ 122,897     $ 110,933  
Gross profit
    31,397       48,254       42,162       40,615  
Income (loss) from operations
    33       13,721       6,847       5,215  
Net income (loss)
    (606 )     7,694       3,749       3,180  
                                 
Net income (loss) per share -- Basic
  $ (.08 )   $ 1.00     $ .48     $ .41  
Net income (loss) per share -- Diluted
  $ (.08 )   $ .94     $ .45     $ .39  
                                 
ESOT Valuation per share
  $ 22.50     $ 24.00     $ 24.00     $ 25.90  
                                 
Fourth quarters 2007 and 2006 include a decrease in casualty insurance expense that had the effect of increasing the fourth quarter gross profit for 2007 and 2006 by approximately $5,618 and $4,894 respectively.
 



*  *  *  *  *

F-32

 

EX-21 2 ex21.htm EXHIBIT 21 SUBSIDIARIES ex21.htm
Exhibit 21







Subsidiaries of the Registrant



Name
 
Jurisdiction of Organization
     
Davey Tree Surgery Company
 
Ohio
Davey Tree Expert Co. of Canada, Limited
 
Canada
Standing Rock Insurance Company
 
Vermont
     































The Registrant has other subsidiaries that are not “significant subsidiaries” as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X.


EX-23 3 ex23.htm EXHIBIT 23 CONSENT ex23.htm
Exhibit 23





Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference of our reports dated March 11, 2008, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of The Davey Tree Expert Company, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of The Davey Tree Expert Company included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2007, in the following Registration Statements:

Registration
   
Number
 
Description of Registration Statement
     
     
33-59347
 
The Davey Tree Expert Company 1994 Omnibus Stock Plan – Form S-8
     
333-24155
 
The Davey 401KSOP and ESOP – Form S-8
     
333-123767
 
The Davey Tree Expert Company 2004 Omnibus Stock Plan – Form S-8





/s/ Ernst & Young LLP



Akron, Ohio
March 11, 2008



EX-31.1 4 ex31-1.htm EXHIBIT 31.1 CERTIFICATION OF CEO ex31-1.htm
Exhibit 31.1
Certification

Certification of Chief Executive Officer
 
I, Karl J. Warnke, certify that:
   
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of The Davey Tree Expert Company;
   
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
   
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
   
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
   
 
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
   
 
(b) Designed such internal controls over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
   
 
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
   
 
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
   
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
   
 
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
   
 
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.
     
Date:  March 13, 2008
/s/ Karl J. Warnke                                             
 
 
Karl J. Warnke
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 


EX-31.2 5 ex31-2.htm EXHIBIT 31.2 CERTIFICATION OF CFO ex31-2.htm
Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer
 
I, David E. Adante, certify that:
   
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of The Davey Tree Expert Company;
   
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
   
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
   
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
   
 
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
   
 
(b) Designed such internal controls over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
   
 
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
   
 
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
   
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
   
 
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
   
 
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.
     
     
Date:  March 13, 2008
 /s/ David E. Adante                                                
 
 
David E. Adante
 
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
 


EX-32.1 6 ex32-1.htm EXHIBIT 32.1 CERTIFICATION OF CEO ex32-1.htm
Exhibit 32.1




Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



Certification of Chief Executive Officer
 
I, Karl J. Warnke, President and Chief Executive Officer of The Davey Tree Expert Company (the "Company"), do hereby certify in accordance with 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
 
(1.) The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and,
 
(2.)  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
 
Date:  March 13, 2008
 /s/ Karl J. Warnke                                                     
 
Karl J. Warnke
 
President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2 7 ex32-2.htm EXHIBIT 32.2 CERTIFICATION OF CFO ex32-2.htm
Exhibit 32.2




Certification Pursuant Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



Certification of Chief Financial Officer
 
I, David E. Adante, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of The Davey Tree Expert Company (the "Company"), do hereby certify in accordance with 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
 
(1.) The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and,
 
(2.) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
   
Date: March 13, 2008
/s/ David E. Adante                                                 
 
David E. Adante
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

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-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----