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EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS [Abstract]  
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
The Company provides various retirement benefits to eligible team members, including contributions to defined contribution plans, pension benefits associated with defined benefit plans, postretirement medical benefits and other benefits. Eligibility requirements and benefit levels vary depending on team member location. Various foreign benefit plans cover team members in accordance with local legal requirements.

Defined Contribution Plans
A majority of the Company's U.S. team members are covered by a retirement savings plan, which provides for an automatic contribution equal to 6% of the eligible team member's total eligible compensation. The total retirement savings plan expense was $85 million, $87 million, and $78 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company sponsors additional defined contribution plans available to certain U.S. and foreign team members for which contributions are made by the Company and participating team members. The expense associated with these defined contribution plans totaled $21 million, $11 million and $16 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Postretirement Healthcare Benefits Plans
The Company has a postretirement healthcare benefit plan that provides coverage for certain U.S. team members. Covered team members become eligible for participation when they qualify for retirement while working for the Company. Participation in the plan is voluntary and requires participants to make contributions toward the cost of the plan, as determined by the Company.
The net periodic benefits costs were valued with a measurement date of January 1 for each year and consisted of the following components (in millions of dollars):
For the Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
SG&A
Service cost$2 $4 $5 
Other (income) expense
Interest cost5 4 3 
Expected return on assets(6)(8)(8)
Amortization of prior service credit(10)(10)(9)
Amortization of unrecognized gains(7)(9)(8)
Net periodic benefits$(16)$(19)$(17)

Reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances of the postretirement benefit asset, which is calculated as of December 31 measurement date, the fair value of plan assets available for benefits and the funded status of the benefit asset follow (in millions of dollars):
20232022
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$112 $153 
Service cost
2 4 
Interest cost
5 4 
Plan participants' contributions
3 3 
Actuarial loss (gains)2 (40)
Benefits paid
(10)(12)
Benefit obligation at end of year$114 $112 
Plan assets available for benefits at beginning of year$162 $207 
Actual returns on plan assets18 (36)
Plan participants' contributions
3 3 
Benefits paid
(10)(12)
Plan assets available for benefits at end of year173 162 
Noncurrent postretirement benefit asset$59 $50 

The amounts recognized in AOCE consisted of the following (in millions of dollars):
As of December 31,
20232022
Prior service credit$23 $33 
Unrecognized gains79 77 
Deferred tax liability(25)(28)
Net accumulated gains
$77 $82 

The Company has elected to amortize the amount of net unrecognized gains over a period equal to the average remaining service period for active plan participants expected to retire and receive benefits of approximately 10 years for 2023.

The postretirement benefit obligation is determined by applying the terms of the plan and actuarial models. These models include various actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, long-term rates of return on plan assets, healthcare cost trend rate, mortality and cost-sharing between the Company and the retirees. The actuarial loss recognized during the plan year is primarily related to the change in discount rate assumption.
The following assumptions were used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of January 1:
202320222021
Discount rate4.92 %2.57 %2.17 %
Long-term rate of return on plan assets – net of tax4.04 %4.04 %4.04 %
Initial healthcare cost trend rate
Pre age 657.50 %6.50 %5.81 %
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate4.50 %4.50 %4.50 %
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate reached203320302026

The following assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31:
202320222021
Discount rate4.73 %4.92 %2.57 %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets – net of tax4.04 %4.04 %4.04 %
Initial healthcare cost trend rate
Pre age 657.20 %7.50 %6.50 %
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate4.50 %4.50 %4.50 %
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate reached203320332030

The Company's investment strategy reflects the long-term nature of the plan obligation and seeks to reach a balance allocation between Fixed Income securities and Equities of approximately 65% and 35%, respectively. Current allocations may differ from targeted allocations based on investment results and other timing factors. The plan's assets are stated at fair value, which represents the net asset value of shares held by the plan in the registered investment companies at the quoted market prices (Level 1 input) or at significant other observable inputs (Level 2 input).

The plan assets available for benefits consisted of the following as of December 31 (in millions of dollars):
20232022
Asset class:
 Level 1 inputs:
Mutual funds:
   Funds – municipal/provincial bonds$— $8 
   Funds – corporate bonds fund10 3 
 Level 2 inputs:
Fixed income:
  Corporate bonds56 57 
  Government/municipal bonds9 12 
Equity funds88 73 
 Plan assets163 153 
Trust assets10 9 
 Plan assets available for benefits$173 $162 
The Company forecasts the following benefit payments related to postretirement (which include a projection for expected future team member service) for the next ten years (in millions of dollars):
YearEstimated Gross Benefit Payments
2024$9 
202510 
202610 
20279 
20288 
2029-203341 
Total$87