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Note 2 - Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

Ashwoods Innovations Limited — On February 5, 2020, we acquired Curtis Instruments, Inc.'s (Curtis) 35.4% ownership interest in Ashwoods Innovations Limited (Ashwoods). Ashwoods designs and manufactures permanent magnet electric motors for the automotive, material handling and off-highway vehicle markets. The acquisition of Curtis' interest in Ashwoods, along with our existing ownership interest in Ashwoods, provided us with a 97.8% ownership interest and a controlling financial interest in Ashwoods. We recognized a $3 gain to other income (expense), net on the required remeasurement of our previously held equity method investment in Ashwoods to fair value. The total purchase consideration of $22 is comprised of $8 of cash paid to Curtis at closing, the $10 fair value of our previously held equity method investment in Ashwoods and $4 related to the effective settlement of a pre-existing loan payable due from Ashwoods. During March 2020, we acquired the remaining noncontrolling interests in Ashwoods held by employee shareholders. See Hydro-Québec relationship discussion below for details of subsequent changes in our ownership interest in Ashwoods. The results of operations of the business are reported within our Off-Highway operating segment. The pro forma effects of this acquisition would not materially impact our reported results for any period presented, and as a result no pro forma financial information is presented.

Nordresa — On August 26, 2019, we acquired a 100% ownership interest in Nordresa Motors, Inc. (Nordresa) for consideration of $12, using cash on hand. Nordresa is a prominent integration and application engineering expert for the development and commercialization of electric powertrains for commercial vehicles. The investment further enhances Dana's electrification capabilities by combining its complete portfolio of motors, inverters, chargers, gearboxes, and thermal-management products with Nordresa's proprietary battery-management system, electric powertrain controls and integration expertise to deliver complete electric powertrain systems. The results of operations of the business are reported within our Commercial Vehicle operating segment. The pro forma effects of this acquisition would not materially impact our reported results for any period presented, and as a result no pro forma financial information is presented.

Hydro-Québec Relationship — On July 29, 2019, we broadened our relationship with Hydro-Québec, with Hydro-Québec acquiring an indirect 45% redeemable noncontrolling interest in S.M.E. S.p.A. (SME) and increasing its existing indirect 22.5% noncontrolling interest in Prestolite E-Propulsion Systems (Beijing) Limited (PEPS) to 45%. We received $65 at closing, consisting of $53 of cash and a note receivable of $12. The note is payable in five years and bears annual interest of 5%. Dana will continue to consolidate SME and PEPS as the governing documents continue to provide Dana with a controlling financial interest in these subsidiaries. See Note 9 for additional information. See below for a discussion of Dana's acquisitions of PEPS, SME and TM4. On April 14, 2020, Hydro-Québec acquired an indirect 45% redeemable noncontrolling interest in Ashwoods. We received $9 in cash at closing, inclusive of $2 in proceeds on a loan from Hydro-Québec. Dana will continue to consolidate Ashwoods as the governing documents continue to provide Dana with a controlling financial interest in this subsidiary.

Prestolite E-Propulsion Systems (Beijing) Limited — On June 6, 2019, we acquired Prestolite Electric Beijing Limited's (PEBL) 50% ownership interest in PEPS. PEPS manufactures and distributes electric mobility solutions, including electric motors, inverters, and generators for commercial vehicles and heavy machinery. PEPS has a state-of-the-art facility in China, enabling us to expand motor and inverter manufacturing capabilities in the world's largest electric-mobility market. The acquisition of PEBL's interest in PEPS, along with our existing ownership interest in PEPS through our TM4 subsidiary, provides us with a 100% ownership interest and a controlling financial interest in PEPS. We recognized a $2 gain to other income (expense), net on the required remeasurement of our previously held equity method investment in PEPS to fair value. See Hydro-Québec relationship discussion above for details of the subsequent change in our ownership interest in PEPS.

We paid $50 at closing using cash on hand. The purchase consideration and related provisional allocation to the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are presented in the following table:

Purchase consideration paid at closing	$	50
Fair value of previously held equity method investment		45
Total purchase consideration	$	95

Cash and cash equivalents	$	2
Accounts receivable - Trade		17
Inventories		9
Goodwill		63
Intangibles		10
Property, plant and equipment		2
Accounts payable		(4	)
Other accrued liabilities		(3	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(1	)
Total purchase consideration allocation	$	95

Goodwill recognized in this transaction is primarily attributable to synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and the assembled workforce and is not deductible for tax purposes. We used a combination of the discounted cash flow method, an income approach, and the guideline public company method, a market approach, to value our previously held equity method investment in PEPS. The fair value assigned to intangibles includes $10 allocated to customer relationships. We used the multi-period excess earnings method, an income approach, to value customer relationships. The customer relationships intangible asset is being amortized on a straight-line basis over seven years.

The results of operations of the business are reported in our Commercial Vehicle operating segment from the date of acquisition. The pro forma effects of this acquisition would not materially impact our reported results for any period presented, and as a result no pro forma financial information is presented. PEPS had an insignificant impact on our consolidated results of operations during 2019.

Oerlikon Drive Systems — On February 28, 2019, we acquired a 100% ownership interest in the Oerlikon Drive Systems (ODS) segment of the Oerlikon Group. ODS is a global manufacturer of high-precision gears, planetary hub drives for wheeled and tracked vehicles, and products, controls, and software that support vehicle electrification across the mobility industry. The acquisition of ODS is expected to deliver significant long-term value by accelerating our commitment to vehicle electrification and strengthening the technology portfolio for each of our end markets while further expanding and balancing the manufacturing presence of our off-highway business in key geographical markets.

We paid $626 at closing which was funded primarily through debt proceeds. See Note 14 for additional information. The purchase consideration and related allocation to the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are presented in the following table:

Purchase consideration paid at closing	$	626
Less purchase consideration to be recovered for indemnified matters		(11	)
Total purchase consideration	$	615

Cash and cash equivalents	$	76
Accounts receivable - Trade		150
Accounts receivable - Other		15
Inventories		190
Other current assets		16
Goodwill		94
Intangibles		58
Deferred tax assets		24
Other noncurrent assets		2
Investments in affiliates		7
Operating lease assets		4
Property, plant and equipment		333
Current portion of long-term debt		(2	)
Accounts payable		(151	)
Accrued payroll and employee benefits		(37	)
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		(1	)
Taxes on income		(5	)
Other accrued liabilities		(61	)
Long-term debt		(8	)
Pension and postretirement obligations		(49	)
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		(2	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(30	)
Noncontrolling interests		(8	)
Total purchase consideration allocation	$	615

Goodwill recognized in this transaction is primarily attributable to synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and the assembled workforce and is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values assigned to intangibles includes $11 allocated to developed technology, $13 allocated to trademarks and trade names and $34 allocated to customer relationships. Various valuation techniques were used to determine the fair value of the intangible assets, with the primary techniques being forms of the income approach, specifically, the relief from-royalty and excess earnings valuation methods, which use significant unobservable inputs, or Level 3 inputs, as defined by the fair value hierarchy. Under these valuation approaches, we are required to make estimates and assumptions about sales, operating margins, growth rates, customer attrition rates, royalty rates and discount rates based on anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. We used a replacement cost method to value fixed assets. The developed technology, trademarks and trade names and customer relationship intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over seven, ten and twelve years, respectively. Property, plant and equipment is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over useful lives ranging from three to twenty-five years.

The results of operations of the business are primarily reported in our Off-Highway and Commercial Vehicle operating segments. Transaction related expenses associated with completion of the acquisition totaling $13 in 2019 were charged to other income (expense), net. During 2019, the business contributed sales of $630.

The following unaudited pro forma information has been prepared as if the ODS acquisition and the related debt financing had occurred on January 1, 2018.

	2019		2018
Net sales	$	8,765	$	9,013
Net income	$	273	$	425

The unaudited pro forma results include adjustments primarily related to purchase accounting, interest expense related to the debt proceeds used in connection with the acquisition of ODS, and non-recurring strategic transaction expenses. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not indicative of the operational results that would have been obtained had the transactions actually occurred as of that date, nor is it necessarily indicative of Dana’s future operational results.

SME — On January 11, 2019, we acquired a 100% ownership interest in SME. SME designs, engineers, and manufactures low-voltage AC induction and synchronous reluctance motors, inverters, and controls for a wide range of off-highway electric vehicle applications, including material handling, agriculture, construction, and automated-guided vehicles. The addition of SME's low-voltage motors and inverters, which are primarily designed to meet the evolution of electrification in off-highway equipment, significantly expands Dana's electrified product portfolio. See Hydro-Québec relationship discussion above for details of the subsequent change in our ownership interest in SME.

We paid $88 at closing, consisting of $62 in cash on hand and a note payable of $26 which allows for net settlement of potential contingencies as defined in the purchase agreement. The note is payable in five years and bears annual interest of 5%. The purchase consideration and the related allocation to the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are presented in the following table:

Total purchase consideration	$	88

Accounts receivable - Trade	$	4
Accounts receivable - Other		1
Inventories		8
Goodwill		68
Intangibles		24
Property, plant and equipment		5
Short-term debt		(8	)
Accounts payable		(6	)
Accrued payroll and employee benefits		(1	)
Other accrued liabilities		(1	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(6	)
Total purchase consideration allocation	$	88

The results of operations of the business are reported in our Off-Highway operating segment from the date of acquisition. The pro forma effects of this acquisition would not materially impact our reported results for any period presented, and as a result no pro forma financial information is presented. During 2019, the business contributed sales of $21.

TM4 — On June 22, 2018, we acquired a 55% ownership interest in TM4 Inc. (TM4) from Hydro-Québec. TM4 designs and manufactures motors, power inverters, and control systems for electric vehicles, offering a complementary portfolio to Dana's electric gearboxes and thermal-management technologies for batteries, motors, and inverters. The transaction establishes Dana as the only supplier with full e-Drive design, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities – offering electro-mechanical propulsion solutions to each of its end markets. The transaction further strengthens Dana's position in China, the world's fastest-growing market for electric vehicles. The terms of the agreement provide Hydro-Québec with the right to put all, and not less than all, of its shares in TM4 to Dana at fair value any time after June 22, 2021, see Note 9 for additional information. TM4 owns a 50% interest in PEPS, a joint venture in China with PEBL, which offers electric mobility solutions throughout China and Asia. See discussion of Dana's subsequent acquisition of PEBL's 50% interest in PEPS above.

We paid $125 at closing, using cash on hand. The purchase consideration and the related allocation to the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are presented in the following table:

Total purchase consideration	$	125

Cash and cash equivalents	$	3
Accounts receivable - Trade		3
Accounts receivable - Other		1
Inventories		4
Goodwill		148
Intangibles		24
Investment in affiliates		49
Property, plant and equipment		5
Accounts payable		(2	)
Accrued payroll and employee benefits		(1	)
Other accrued liabilities		(7	)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		(102	)
Total purchase consideration allocation	$	125

Goodwill recognized in this transaction is primarily attributable to synergies expected to arise after the acquisition and the assembled workforce and is not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values assigned to intangibles include $14 allocated to developed technology and $10 allocated to trademarks and trade names. We used the relief from royalty method, an income approach, to value developed technology and the trademarks and trade names. We used a replacement cost method to value fixed assets. We used a combination of the discounted cash flow, an income approach, and the guideline public company method, a market approach, to value the equity method investment in PEPS. The developed technology intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over ten years, and property, plant and equipment is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over useful lives ranging from five to six years. The trademarks and trade names are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Dana is consolidating TM4 as the governing documents provide Dana with a controlling financial interest. The results of operations of the business are reported in our Commercial Vehicle operating segment from the date of acquisition. Transaction related expenses associated with completion of the acquisition totaling $5 were charged to other income (expense), net in 2018. The pro forma effects of this acquisition would not materially impact our reported results for any period presented, and as a result no pro forma financial statements are presented. During 2018, the business contributed sales of $11.