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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Income Taxes
Note 15.  Income Taxes

We estimate the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year and use that rate to provide for income taxes in interim reporting periods.  We also recognize the tax impact of certain discrete (unusual or infrequently occurring) items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.

We reported income tax expense of $31 and $17 for the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 and $62 and $14 for the respective six month periods.  The income tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% due to valuation allowances in several countries, non-deductible expenses, different statutory rates outside of the U.S. and withholding taxes related to expected repatriations of international earnings to the U.S.

We record interest income or expense, as well as penalties, related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense or benefit.  Net interest expense for the periods presented herein is de minimis.

We provide for U.S. federal income and non-U.S. withholding taxes on the earnings of our non-U.S. operations that are not considered to be permanently reinvested.  Accordingly, we continue to analyze and adjust the estimated tax impact of the income and non-U.S. withholding liabilities based on the amount and source of these earnings.  We recognized an expense of $1 for both of the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 and $1 and $3 for the respective six month periods.

We have generally not recognized tax benefits on losses generated in several countries, including the U.S., where the recent history of operating losses does not allow us to satisfy the "more likely than not" criterion for the recognition of deferred tax assets.  Consequently, there is no income tax benefit recognized on the pre-tax losses in these jurisdictions as valuation allowances are established offsetting the associated tax benefit.