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Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

Income tax expense (benefit) —
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Current
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. federal and state
$
13

 
$
14

 
$
6

Non-U.S.
92

 
128

 
98

Total current
105

 
142

 
104

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. federal and state
(104
)
 
(47
)
 
164

Non-U.S.
(33
)
 
(17
)
 
15

Total deferred
(137
)
 
(64
)
 
179

Total expense (benefit)
$
(32
)
 
$
78

 
$
283
Income Before Income Taxes [Table Text Block]
Income before income taxes —
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
U.S. operations
$
(166
)
 
$
26

 
$
60

Non-U.S. operations
337

 
468

 
320

Earnings before income taxes
$
171

 
$
494

 
$
380
Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]
Effective tax rate reconciliation —
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
U.S. federal income tax rate
21
 %
 
21
 %
 
35
 %
Adjustments resulting from:
 

 
 

 
 

State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit
(1
)
 
1

 
1

Non-U.S. income (expense)
15

 
5

 
(11
)
Credits and tax incentives
(37
)
 
(18
)
 
(16
)
Foreign derived intangible income
(2
)
 
 
 
 
U.S. tax on non-U.S. earnings
12

 
3

 
12

Intercompany sale of certain operating assets


 
1

 
(6
)
Settlement and return adjustments
(11
)
 
6

 
(2
)
Enacted change in tax laws
2

 
1

 
49

Pension settlement
43

 
 
 
 
Miscellaneous items
(1
)
 


 
1

Valuation allowance adjustments
(60
)
 
(4
)
 
11

Effective income tax rate
(19
)%
 
16
 %
 
74
 %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]
Deferred tax assets and liabilities — Temporary differences and carryforwards give rise to the following deferred tax assets and liabilities.
 
2019
 
2018
Net operating loss carryforwards
$
258

 
$
255

Postretirement benefits, including pensions
87

 
98

Research and development costs
124

 
94

Expense accruals
81

 
75

Other tax credits recoverable
244

 
232

Capital loss carryforwards
42

 
40

Inventory reserves
19

 
13

Postemployment and other benefits
6

 
6

Leasing activities
46

 
 
Total
907

 
813

Valuation allowances
(190
)
 
(281
)
Deferred tax assets
717

 
532

 
 
 
 
Unremitted earnings
(4
)
 
(1
)
Intangibles
(34
)
 
(11
)
Depreciation
(104
)
 
(44
)
Other
(33
)
 
(59
)
Deferred tax liabilities
(175
)
 
(115
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
542

 
$
417
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards [Table Text Block] The following table identifies the net operating loss deferred tax asset components and the related allowances that existed at December 31, 2019. Due to time limitations on the ability to realize the benefit of the carryforwards, additional portions of these deferred tax assets may become unrealizable in the future.
 
Deferred
Tax
Asset
 
Valuation
Allowance
 
Carryforward
Period
 
Earliest
Year of
Expiration
Net operating losses
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
$
59

 
$
—

 
20
 
2030
U.S. state
75

 
(37
)
 
Various
 
2020
Brazil
17

 
(6
)
 
Unlimited
 
 
France
8

 


 
Unlimited
 
 
Australia
24

 
(24
)
 
Unlimited
 
 
Italy
32

 
(6
)
 
Unlimited
 
 
Germany
6

 
(6
)
 
Unlimited
 
 
U.K.
3

 
(3
)
 
Unlimited
 
 
Canada
21

 
(20
)
 
20
 
2022
Argentina
1

 
(1
)
 
5
 
2024
China
12

 
(11
)
 
5
 
2020
Total
$
258

 
$
(114
)
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Table Text Block]
Reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits —
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
107

 
$
119

 
$
117

Decrease related to expiration of statute of limitations
(10
)
 
(4
)
 
(3
)
Decrease related to prior years tax positions


 
(15
)
 
(25
)
Increase related to prior years tax positions
13

 
8

 
15

Increase related to current year tax positions
9

 
10

 
15

Decrease related to settlements


 
(11
)
 


Balance, end of period
$
119

 
$
107

 
$
119