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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Text Block] Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill — The change in the carrying amount of goodwill in 2019 is due to the acquisitions of Nordresa, PEPS, ODS and SME and currency fluctuation. See Note 2 for additional information on recent acquisitions.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment — 
 
Light Vehicle
 
Commercial Vehicle
 
Off-Highway
 
Power Technologies
 
Total
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
3

 
$
150

 
$
105

 
$
6

 
$
264

Acquisitions

 
85

 
191

 

 
276

Currency impact

 

 
(10
)
 

 
(10
)
Balance, September 30, 2019
$
3

 
$
235

 
$
286

 
$
6

 
$
530


Components of other intangible assets — 
 
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Weighted Average
Useful Life
(years)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated Impairment and
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated Impairment and
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Amortizable intangible assets
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Core technology
8
 
$
131

 
$
(91
)
 
$
40

 
$
107

 
$
(89
)
 
$
18

Trademarks and trade names
13
 
30

 
(6
)
 
24

 
16

 
(4
)
 
12

Customer relationships
9
 
493

 
(400
)
 
93

 
460

 
(400
)
 
60

Non-amortizable intangible assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks and trade names
 
 
75

 


 
75

 
74

 


 
74

Used in research and development activities
 
 


 


 
—

 
20

 
(20
)
 
—

 
 
 
$
729

 
$
(497
)
 
$
232

 
$
677

 
$
(513
)
 
$
164



During the third quarter of 2012, we entered a strategic alliance with Fallbrook Technologies Inc. (Fallbrook). The transaction with Fallbrook was accounted for as a business combination and the original purchase price allocation included $20 of intangible assets used in research and development activities, which had been classified as indefinite-lived. Since the third quarter of 2012, we had been working with several customers to commercialize the continuously variable planetary (CVP) technology primarily in combustion engine applications. During the second quarter of 2018 key customers notified us of their intention to redirect their development efforts to electrification and cease further development efforts of the CVP technology in combustion engine applications. We determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the related intangible assets was less than their carrying amount. We used the multi-period excess earnings method, an income approach, to fair value the assets used in research and development activities. Given the lack of adequate identifiable future revenue streams, it was determined that the $20 of intangible assets used in research and development activities was fully impaired during the second quarter of 2018.

The net carrying amounts of intangible assets, other than goodwill, attributable to each of our operating segments at September 30, 2019 were as follows: Light Vehicle — $25, Commercial Vehicle — $53, Off-Highway — $146 and Power Technologies — $8.

Amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets — 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Charged to cost of sales
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
4

 
$
2

Charged to amortization of intangibles
2

 
2

 
8

 
6

Total amortization
$
4

 
$
3

 
$
12

 
$
8



The following table provides the estimated aggregate pre-tax amortization expense related to intangible assets for each of the next five years based on September 30, 2019 exchange rates. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates due to such factors as currency translation, customer turnover, impairments, additional intangible asset acquisitions and other events.
 
Remainder of 2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
2023
Amortization expense
$
4

 
$
16

 
$
16

 
$
16

 
$
16