Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Attributable to Continuing Operations [Table Text Block]

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations—

	2017		2016			2015
Current
U.S. federal and state	$	6	$	(18	)	$	12
Non-U.S.	98		74			80
Total current	104		56			92
Deferred
U.S. federal and state	164		(497		)	(9		)
Non-U.S.	15		17			(1		)
Total deferred	179		(480		)	(10		)
Total expense (benefit)	$	283	$	(424	)	$	82

Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes [Table Text Block]

Income from continuing operations before income taxes—

	2017		2016			2015
U.S. operations	$	60	$	(56	)	$	72
Non-U.S. operations	320		271			220
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes	$	380	$	215		$	292

Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

Effective tax rate reconciliation for continuing operations —

	2017		2016		2015
U.S. federal income tax rate	35	%	35	%	35	%
Adjustments resulting from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit	1		5		(1	)
Non-U.S. income (expense)	(11	)	(15	)	(11	)
Credits and tax incentives	(16	)	(5	)	(4	)
U.S. tax on non-U.S. earnings	12		(19	)	9
Intercompany sale of certain operating assets	(6	)	5		9
Settlement and return adjustments	(2	)	14		1
Enacted change in tax laws	49		4
Miscellaneous items	1		2		5
Valuation allowance adjustments	11		(222	)	(15	)
Effective income tax rate for continuing operations	74	%	(196	)%	28	%

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

Deferred tax assets and liabilities — Temporary differences and carryforwards give rise to the following deferred tax assets and liabilities.

	2017			2016
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	319		$	472
Postretirement benefits, including pensions	119			152
Research and development costs	85			113
Expense accruals	78			54
Other tax credits recoverable	122			67
Capital loss carryforwards	43			40
Inventory reserves	16			18
Postemployment and other benefits	5			8
Other				20
Total	787			944
Valuation allowance	(301		)	(285		)
Deferred tax assets	486			659
Unremitted earnings	(30		)	(27		)
Intangibles	(22		)	(29		)
Depreciation	(60		)	(52		)
Other	(13		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(125		)	(108		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	361		$	551

Net Operating Loss Carryforwards [Table Text Block]

The following table identifies the net operating loss deferred tax asset components and the related allowances that existed at December 31, 2017. Due to time limitations on the ability to realize the benefit of the carryforwards, additional portions of these deferred tax assets may become unrealizable in the future.

	Deferred Tax Asset		Valuation Allowance			Carryforward Period	Earliest Year of Expiration
Net operating losses
U.S. federal	$	135	$	—		20	2029
U.S. state	101		(81		)	Various	2018
Brazil	20		(20		)	Unlimited
France	9					Unlimited
Australia	35		(35		)	Unlimited
Italy	7		(7		)	Unlimited
Germany	5		(5		)	Unlimited
U.K.	3		(3		)	Unlimited
Argentina	3		(3		)	5	2018
China	1		(1		)	5	2019
Total	$	319	$	(155	)

Reconciliation of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Table Text Block]

Reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits—

	2017			2016			2015
Balance, beginning of period	$	117		$	87		$	109
Decrease related to expiration of statute of limitations	(3		)	(5		)	(6		)
Decrease related to prior years tax positions	(25		)	(1		)	(9		)
Increase related to prior years tax positions	15			28			1
Increase related to current year tax positions	15			8			8
Decrease related to settlements							(16		)
Balance, end of period	$	119		$	117		$	87