Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2014

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Attributable to Continuing Operations

Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations—

	2014			2013			2012
Current
U.S. federal and state	$	(5	)	$	23		$	18
Non-U.S.	134			106			113
Total current	129			129			131
Deferred
U.S. federal and state	(177		)	(1		)
Non-U.S.	(22		)	(9		)	(80		)
Total deferred	(199		)	(10		)	(80		)
Total expense (benefit)	$	(70	)	$	119		$	51

Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

Income from continuing operations before income taxes—

	2014		2013		2012
U.S. operations	$	175	$	151	$	77
Non-U.S. operations	85		217		287
Income before income taxes	$	260	$	368	$	364

Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation

Effective tax rate reconciliation for continuing operations —

	2014		2013		2012
U.S. federal income tax rate	35	%	35	%	35	%
Adjustments resulting from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit	1
Non-U.S. income	(6	)	(4	)	(4	)
Non-U.S. tax incentives	(4	)	(4	)	(5	)
Non-U.S. withholding taxes on undistributed earnings of non-U.S. operations	4		5		4
Settlement and return adjustments	3		1		2
Miscellaneous items			1		(1	)
Valuation allowance adjustments	(60	)	(2	)	(17	)
Effective income tax rate for operations	(27	)%	32	%	14	%

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred tax assets and liabilities — Temporary differences and carryforwards give rise to the following deferred tax assets and liabilities.

	2014			2013
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	654		$	788
Postretirement benefits, including pensions	148			123
Research and development costs	110			104
Expense accruals	57			62
Other tax credits recoverable	60			56
Capital loss carryforwards	55			65
Inventory reserves	18			17
Postemployment and other benefits	4			4
Other	25			28
Total	1,131			1,247
Valuation allowance	(728		)	(982		)
Deferred tax assets	403			265
Unremitted earnings	(31		)	(86		)
Intangibles	(41		)	(52		)
Depreciation	(39		)	(39		)
Other	(58		)	(59		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(169		)	(236		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	234		$	29

Net Operating Loss Deferred Tax Asset Components and Related Allowances

The following table identifies the net operating loss deferred tax asset components and the related allowances that existed at December 31, 2014. Due to time limitations on the ability to realize the benefit of the carryforwards, additional portions of these deferred tax assets may become unrealizable in the future.

	Deferred Tax Asset		Valuation Allowance			Carryforward Period	Earliest Year of Expiration
Net operating losses
U.S. federal	$	432	$	(261	)	20	2028
U.S. state	122		(114		)	Various	2015
Brazil	26		(14		)	Unlimited
France	13					Unlimited
Australia	33		(33		)	Unlimited
U.K.	8		(4		)	Unlimited
Argentina	17		(17		)	5	2015
Other	3		(3		)	Unlimited
Total	$	654	$	(446	)

Reconciliation of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

Reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits—

	2014			2013			2012
Balance, beginning of period	$	101		$	108		$	46
Decrease related to expiration of statute of limitations	(3		)	(7		)	(9		)
Increase (decrease) related to prior years tax positions				(6		)	63
Increases related to current year tax positions	25			6			8
Decrease related to settlements	(14		)
Balance, end of period	$	109		$	101		$	108