10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                        to                       

001-08931

Commission File Number

CUBIC CORPORATION

Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter

Delaware	95-1678055
State of Incorporation	IRS Employer Identification No.

9333 Balboa Avenue
San Diego, California 92123
Telephone (858) 277-6780

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Common Stock	CUB	New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of exchange on which registered

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Small Reporting Company ☐
Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12-b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 22, 2019, registrant had only one class of common stock of which there were 31,178,486 shares outstanding (after deducting 8,945,300 shares held as treasury stock).

CUBIC CORPORATION

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	58
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	58
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	59
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	59
Item 6.	Exhibits	59

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CUBIC CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net sales:
Products	$	255,900	$	179,761	$	660,897	$	468,949
Services		126,779		116,451		364,380		354,240
		382,679		296,212		1,025,277		823,189
Costs and expenses:
Products		190,434		125,536		491,856		334,202
Services		77,224		80,401		243,851		245,075
Selling, general and administrative expenses		82,167		58,267		211,348		183,720
Research and development		12,470		13,934		38,236		40,113
Amortization of purchased intangibles		9,717		6,153		32,677		19,988
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(32,563)		—		(32,563)		—
Restructuring costs		8,505		1,631		12,254		3,382
		347,954		285,922		997,659		826,480
Operating income (loss)		34,725		10,290		27,618		(3,291)
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income		1,696		765		4,343		1,872
Interest expense		(6,132)		(2,567)		(14,695)		(8,152)
Other income (expense), net		(8,714)		(3,831)		(17,069)		(1,881)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		21,575		4,657		197		(11,452)
Income tax (benefit) provision		1,029		5,627		(305)		4,299
Income (loss) from continuing operations		20,546		(970)		502		(15,751)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		(202)		5,380		(1,541)		8,364
Net income (loss)		20,344		4,410		(1,039)		(7,387)
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE		(3,566)		(1,881)		(8,970)		(1,881)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	23,910	$	6,291	$	7,931	$	(5,506)
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	24,112	$	911	$	9,472	$	(13,870)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations		(202)		5,380		(1,541)		8,364
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	23,910	$	6,291	$	7,931	$	(5,506)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic
Continuing operations attributable to Cubic	$	0.77	$	0.03	$	0.31	$	(0.51)
Discontinued operations	$	(0.01)	$	0.20	$	(0.05)	$	0.31
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.77	$	0.23	$	0.26	$	(0.20)
Diluted
Continuing operations attributable to Cubic	$	0.77	$	0.03	$	0.31	$	(0.51)
Discontinued operations	$	(0.01)	$	0.20	$	(0.05)	$	0.31
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.77	$	0.23	$	0.26	$	(0.20)
Dividends per common share	$	—	$	—	$	0.14	$	0.14
Weighted average shares used in per share calculations:
Basic		31,160		27,232		30,267		27,221
Diluted		31,249		27,374		30,332		27,221

See accompanying notes.

3

CUBIC CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED

STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net income (loss)	$	20,344	$	4,410	$	(1,039)	$	(7,387)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation		(1,900)		(10,628)		(2,256)		(7,276)
Change in unrealized gains/losses from cash flow hedges:
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax		(483)		640		98		(123)
Adjustment for net gains/losses realized and included in net income, net of tax		69		502		331		1,101
Total change in unrealized gains/losses realized from cash flow hedges, net of tax		(414)		1,142		429		978
Total other comprehensive loss		(2,314)		(9,486)		(1,827)		(6,298)
Total comprehensive income (loss)		18,030		(5,076)		(2,866)		(13,685)
Noncontrolling interest in comprehensive loss of consolidated VIE, net of tax		(3,566)		(1,881)		(8,970)		(1,881)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Cubic, net of tax	$	21,596	$	(3,195)	$	6,104	$	(11,804)

See accompanying notes.

4

CUBIC CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	62,522	$	111,834
Cash in consolidated VIE		359		374
Restricted cash		17,062		17,400
Restricted cash in consolidated VIE		9,967		10,000
Accounts receivable:
Long-term contracts		180,594		393,691
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,745)		(1,324)
		178,849		392,367
Contract assets		275,422		—
Recoverable income taxes		8,701		91
Inventories		124,297		84,199
Assets held for sale		—		8,177
Other current assets		40,615		43,705
Other current assets in consolidated VIE		53		—
Total current assets		717,847		668,147
Long-term contracts receivables		—		6,134
Long-term contracts financing receivables		38,885		—
Long-term contracts financing receivables in consolidated VIE		90,233		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs		—		84,924
Long-term capitalized contract costs in consolidated VIE		—		1,258
Property, plant and equipment, net		137,004		117,546
Deferred income taxes		5,102		4,713
Goodwill		578,945		333,626
Purchased intangibles, net		175,207		73,533
Other assets		70,396		14,192
Other assets in consolidated VIE		1,266		810
Total assets	$	1,814,885	$	1,304,883
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	231,000	$	—
Trade accounts payable		154,291		125,414
Trade accounts payable in consolidated VIE		88		165
Contract liabilities		62,266		—
Customer advances		—		75,941
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		92,327		118,233
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities in consolidated VIE		183		—
Income taxes payable		1,292		8,586
Current portion of long-term debt		10,713		—
Total current liabilities		552,160		328,339
Long-term debt		189,103		199,793
Long-term debt in consolidated VIE		45,991		9,056
Other long-term liabilities		45,152		43,486
Other long-term liabilities in consolidated VIE		16,897		13
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock		268,965		45,008
Retained earnings		825,396		801,834
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(112,470)		(110,643)
Treasury stock at cost		(36,078)		(36,078)
Shareholders’ equity related to Cubic		945,813		700,121
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE		19,769		24,075
Total shareholders’ equity		965,582		724,196
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,814,885	$	1,304,883

See accompanying notes.

5

CUBIC CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	20,344	$	4,410	$	(1,039)	$	(7,387)
Net (income) loss from discontinued operations		202		(5,380)		1,541		(8,364)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		15,351		10,642		48,949		34,133
Share-based compensation expense		4,402		2,603		10,760		5,100
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		1,163		(6)		1,833		446
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment		(32,563)		—		(32,563)		—
Gain on sale of investment in real estate		—		—		—		(1,474)
Deferred income taxes		(948)		(10,013)		(6,773)		(10,198)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions		(6,897)		(35,026)		(105,364)		(44,047)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS		1,054		(32,770)		(82,656)		(31,791)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		—		8,364		—		14,497
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES		1,054		(24,406)		(82,656)		(17,294)
Investing Activities:
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired		—		—		(395,854)		(9,534)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment		44,891		—		44,891		—
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(13,114)		(9,334)		(35,291)		(21,120)
Proceeds from sale of investment in real estate		—		—		—		2,400
Purchase of non-marketable debt and equity securities		(52,997)		(222)		(52,997)		(1,472)
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS		(21,220)		(9,556)		(439,251)		(29,726)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		—		133,795		—		133,795
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(21,220)		124,239		(439,251)		104,069
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from short-term borrowings		168,000		79,700		782,500		198,820
Principal payments on short-term borrowings		(146,000)		(156,700)		(551,500)		(253,820)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings in consolidated VIE		19,841		28,378		35,816		28,378
Deferred financing fees		(1,854)		—		(1,854)		—
Deferred financing fees in consolidated VIE		(213)		(2,180)		(690)		(2,180)
Proceeds from stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		—		(88)		783		710
Purchase of common stock		—		(31)		(3,419)		(2,355)
Dividends paid		—		—		(4,205)		(3,676)
Contingent consideration payments related to acquisitions of businesses		—		—		(820)		(656)
Proceeds from equity offering, net		—		—		215,832		—
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES		39,774		(50,921)		472,443		(34,779)
Effect of exchange rates on cash		(1,574)		342		(234)		(190)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		18,034		49,254		(49,698)		51,806
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period		71,876		71,129		139,608		68,577
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE PERIOD	$	89,910	$	120,383	$	89,910	$	120,383
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Receivable recognized in connection with the acquisition of Trafficware, net	$	—	$	—	$	1,588	$	—
Receivable recognized in connection with the acquisition of GRIDSMART, net	$	—	$	—	$	442	$	—
Liability recognized in connection with the acquisition of Nuvotronics, net	$	—	$	—	$	5,300	$	—

See accompanying notes.

6

CUBIC CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

	For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019
					Accumulated
					Other				Noncontrolling		Number
	Common		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Interest in		of Shares
(in thousands except per share amounts)	Stock		Earnings		Loss		Stock		VIE		Outstanding
April 1, 2019	$	264,612	$	801,486	$	(110,156)	$	(36,078)	$	23,325	31,150
Net income (loss)		—		23,910		—		—		(3,566)	—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		(2,314)		—		—	—
Stock issued under equity incentive plans		—		—		—		—		—	12
Purchase of common stock		—		—		—		—		—	(2)
Stock-based compensation		4,402		—		—		—		—	—
Other		(49)		—		—		—		10	—
June 30, 2019	$	268,965	$	825,396	$	(112,470)	$	(36,078)	$	19,769	31,160
	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019
					Accumulated
					Other				Noncontrolling		Number
	Common		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Interest in		of Shares
(in thousands except per share amounts)	Stock		Earnings		Loss		Stock		VIE		Outstanding
October 1, 2018	$	45,008	$	801,834	$	(110,643)	$	(36,078)	$	24,075	27,255
Net income (loss)		—		7,931		—		—		(8,970)	—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		(1,827)		—		—	—
Stock issued under equity incentive plans		—		—		—		—		—	144
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		783		—		—		—		—	15
Purchase of common stock		(3,419)		—		—		—		—	(49)
Stock-based compensation		10,760		—		—		—		—	—
Cumulative effect of accounting standard adoption		—		19,834		—		—		4,655	—
Stock issued under equity offering, net		215,832		—		—		—		—	3,795
Cash dividends paid -- $.14 per share of common stock		—		(4,205)		—		—		—	—
Other		1		2		—		—		9	—
June 30, 2019	$	268,965	$	825,396	$	(112,470)	$	(36,078)	$	19,769	31,160

7

CUBIC CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

	For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018
					Accumulated
					Other				Noncontrolling		Number
	Common		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Interest in		of Shares
(in thousands except per share amounts)	Stock		Earnings		Loss		Stock		VIE		Outstanding
April 1, 2018	$	40,079	$	779,012	$	(103,438)	$	(36,078)	$	—	27,225
Net income (loss)		—		6,291		—		—		(1,881)	—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		(9,486)		—		—	—
Stock issued under equity incentive plans		—		—		—		—		—	19
Purchase of common stock		(114)		—		—		—		—	(5)
Stock-based compensation		1,500		—		—		—		—	—
June 30, 2018	$	41,465	$	785,303	$	(112,924)	$	(36,078)	$	(1,881)	27,239
	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2018
					Accumulated
					Other				Noncontrolling		Number
	Common		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Interest in		of Shares
(in thousands except per share amounts)	Stock		Earnings		Loss		Stock		VIE		Outstanding
October 1, 2017	$	37,850	$	794,485	$	(106,626)	$	(36,078)	$	—	27,127
Net loss		—		(5,506)		—		—		(1,881)	—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		(6,298)		—		—	—
Stock issued under equity incentive plans		—		—		—		—		—	151
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		710		—		—		—		—	14
Purchase of common stock		(2,355)		—		—		—		—	(53)
Stock-based compensation		5,260		—		—		—		—	—
Cash dividends paid -- $.14 per share of common stock		—		(3,676)		—		—		—	—
June 30, 2018	$	41,465	$	785,303	$	(112,924)	$	(36,078)	$	(1,881)	27,239

See accompanying notes.

8

CUBIC CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

June 30, 2019

Note 1 — Basis for Presentation

Cubic Corporation (“we”, “us”, and “Cubic”) has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending September 30, 2019. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Through September 30, 2017 our principal lines of business were fare collection and real time information systems and services, defense training and command, control, communication, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems, and defense services. On April 18, 2018, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Nova Global Supply & Services, LLC (Purchaser), an entity affiliated with GC Valiant, LP, under which we agreed to sell our Cubic Global Defense Services (CGD Services) business to the Purchaser. The sale closed on May 31, 2018. As a result of the sale, the operating results and cash flows of CGD Services have been classified as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. Refer to “Note 3 – Acquisitions and Divestitures” for additional information about the sale of CGD Services and the related discontinued operation classification. In addition, we concluded that Cubic Mission Solutions became a separate operating and reportable segment beginning on October 1, 2017. As a result, we now operate in three reportable segments: Cubic Transportation Systems (CTS), Cubic Global Defense (CGD) and Cubic Mission Solutions (CMS).

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: Effective October 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606), using the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a change in our significant accounting policy regarding revenue recognition, and resulted in changes in our accounting policies regarding contract estimates, backlog, inventory, contract assets, long-term capitalized contract costs, and contract liabilities as described below.

The cumulative effect of applying the standard was an increase of $24.5 million to shareholders' equity as of October 1, 2018. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2019 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 are presented under the legacy revenue recognition guidance under ASC 605. See Note 2 for disclosure of the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2019 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019, and the effect of changes made to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of October 1, 2018.

We generate revenue from the sale of integrated solutions such as mass transit fare collection systems, air and ground combat training systems, and products with C4ISR capabilities. A significant portion of our revenues are generated from

9

long-term fixed-price contracts with customers that require us to design, develop, manufacture, modify, upgrade, test and integrate complex systems according to the customer’s specifications. We also generate revenue from services we provide, such as the operation and maintenance of fare systems for mass transit customers and the support of specialized military training exercises mainly for international customers. Our contracts are primarily with the U.S. government, state and local municipalities, international government customers, and international local municipal transit agencies. We classify sales as products or services in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the attributes of the underlying contracts.

We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. For certain contracts that meet the foregoing requirements, primarily international direct commercial sale contracts, we are required to obtain certain regulatory approvals. In these cases where regulatory approval is required in addition to approval from both parties, we recognize revenue based on the likelihood of obtaining timely regulatory approvals based upon all known facts and circumstances.

To determine the proper revenue recognition method, we evaluate each contractual arrangement to identify all performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation because the promise to transfer the individual good or service is not separately identifiable from other promises within the contract and is, therefore, not distinct. These contractual arrangements either require the use of a highly specialized engineering, development and manufacturing process to provide goods according to customer specifications or represent a bundle of contracted goods and services that are integrated and together represent a combined output, which may include the delivery of multiple units.

Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, primarily (i) related to the provision of multiple goods or services or (ii) due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product lifecycle (for instance: development and engineering, production, maintenance and support). For contracts with more than one performance obligation, we allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations based upon their relative standalone selling prices. For such contracts we evaluate whether the stated selling prices for the products or services represent their standalone selling prices. In cases where a contract requires a customized good or service, our primary method used to estimate the standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach. In cases where we sell a standard product or service offering, the standalone selling price is based on an observable standalone selling price. A number of our contracts with the U.S. government, including contracts under the U.S. Department of Defense’s Foreign Military Sales program (FMS Contracts), are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and the price is typically based on estimated or actual costs plus a reasonable profit margin. As a result of these regulations, the standalone selling price of products or services in our contracts with the U.S. government and FMS Contracts are typically equal to the selling price stated in the contract. Therefore, we typically do not need to allocate (or reallocate) the transaction price to multiple performance obligations in our contracts with the U.S. government.

The majority of our sales are from performance obligations satisfied over time. Sales are recognized over time when control is continuously transferred to the customer during the contract or the contracted good does not have alternative use to us. For U.S. government contracts, the continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by contract clauses that provide for (i) progress or performance-based payments or (ii) the unilateral right of the customer to terminate the contract for its convenience, in which case we have the right to receive payment for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit for products and services that do not have alternative uses to us. Our contracts with international governments and local municipal transit agencies contain similar termination for convenience clauses, or we have a legally enforceable right to receive payment for costs incurred and a reasonable profit for products or services that do not have alternative uses to us.

For those contracts for which control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. For our design and build type contracts, we generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Contract costs include material, labor and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs, and

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are generally expensed as incurred for these contracts. For contracts with the U.S. government, general and administrative costs are included in contract costs; however, for purposes of revenue measurement, general and administrative costs are not considered contract costs for any other customers.

Sales from performance obligations satisfied at a point in time are typically for standard goods and are recognized when the customer obtains control, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance. Costs of sales are recorded in the period in which revenue is recognized.

We record sales under cost-reimbursement-type contracts as we incur the costs. For cost-reimbursement type contracts with the U.S. government, the FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that will be reimbursed in establishing the contract price.

Sales under service contracts are generally recognized as services are performed or value is provided to our customers. We measure the delivery of value to our customers using a number of metrics including ridership, units of work performed, and costs incurred. We determine which metric represents the most meaningful measure of value delivery based on the nature of the underlying service activities required under each individual contract. In certain circumstances we recognize revenue based on the right to bill when such amounts correspond to the value being delivered in a billing cycle. Certain of our transportation systems service contracts contain service level penalties or bonuses, which we recognize in each period incurred or earned. These contract penalties or bonuses are generally incurred or earned on a monthly basis; however, certain contracts may be based on a quarterly or annual evaluation. Sales under service contracts that do not contain measurable units of work performed are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual service period, unless evidence suggests that the revenue is earned, or obligations fulfilled, in a different manner. Costs incurred under these service contracts are generally expensed as incurred.

Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for our long-term contracts to contain bonuses, penalties, transactional variable based fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are incurred or earned upon certain performance metrics, program milestones, transactional based activities and other similar contractual events. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

Billing timetables and payment terms on our contracts vary based on a number of factors, including the contract type. Typical payment terms under fixed-price contracts to deliver complex systems provide that the customer pays either performance-based payments based on the achievement of contract milestones or progress payments based on a percentage of costs we incur. For the majority of our service contracts, we generally bill on a monthly basis which corresponds with the satisfaction of our monthly performance obligation under these contracts. We recognize a liability for payments received in excess of revenue recognized, which is presented as a contract liability on the balance sheet. The portion of payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer from our failure to adequately complete some or all of the obligations under the contract. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are not considered to be significant financing components because they are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract. For certain of our multiple-element arrangements, the contract specifies that we will not be paid upon the delivery of certain performance obligations, but rather we will be paid when subsequent performance obligations are satisfied. Generally, in these cases we have determined that a separate financing component exists as a performance obligation under the contract. In these instances, we allocate a portion of the transaction price to this financing component. We determine the value of the embedded financing component by discounting the repayment of the financed amount over the implied repayment term using the effective interest method. This discounting methodology uses an implied interest rate which reflects the credit quality of the customer and represents an interest rate that would be similar to what we would offer the customer in a separate financing transaction. Unpaid principal and interest amounts associated with the financed performance obligation and the value of the embedded financing component are presented as long-term contracts financing receivables in our consolidated balance sheet. We recognize the allocated transaction price of the financing component as interest income over the implied financing term.

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For fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts, we present revenues recognized in excess of billings as contract assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers under both contract types are classified as receivables on the balance sheet.

We only include amounts representing contract change orders, claims or other items in the contract value when we believe the rights and obligations become enforceable. Contract modifications routinely occur to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most cases, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Transaction price estimates include additional consideration for submitted contract modifications or claims when we believe there is an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be reliably estimated, and its realization is reasonably assured. Amounts representing modifications accounted for as part of the existing contract are included in the transaction price and recognized as an adjustment to sales on a cumulative catch-up basis.

In addition, we are subject to audits of incurred costs related to many of our U.S. government contracts. These audits could produce different results than we have estimated for revenue recognized on our cost-based contracts with the U.S. government; however, our experience has been that our costs are acceptable to the government.

Contract Estimates: Use of the cost-to-cost or other similar methods of revenue recognition requires us to make reasonably dependable estimates regarding the revenue and cost associated with the design, manufacture and delivery of our products and services. Revisions or adjustments to estimates of the transaction price, estimated costs at completion and estimated profit or loss of a performance obligation are often required as work progresses under a contract, as experience is gained, as facts and circumstances change and as new information is obtained, even though the scope of work required under the contract may not change. Revisions or adjustments may also be required if contract modifications occur. The impact of revisions in profit or loss estimates are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. The revisions in contract estimates, if significant, can materially affect our results of operations and cash flows, and in some cases result in liabilities to complete contracts in a loss position. The aggregate impact of net changes in contract estimates are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,054)	$	2,239	$	(1,040)	$	114
Net income (loss) from continuing operations		(1,185)		1,739		(1,100)		109
Diluted earnings per share		(0.04)		0.06		(0.04)		—

Backlog: Backlog (i.e., unfulfilled or remaining performance obligations) represents the sales we expect to recognize for our products and services for which control has not yet transferred to the customer. It comprises both funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is authorized and appropriated) and unfunded backlog. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are not included in backlog until the time the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded. For our cost-reimbursable and fixed-priced-incentive contracts, the estimated consideration we expect to receive pursuant to the terms of the contract may exceed the contractual award amount. The estimated consideration is determined at the outset of the contract and is continuously reviewed throughout the contract period. In determining the estimated consideration, we consider the risks related to the technical, schedule and cost impacts to complete the contract and an estimate of any variable consideration. Periodically, we review these risks and may increase or decrease backlog accordingly. As of June 30, 2019, our ending backlog was $3.688 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 30% of our June 30, 2019 backlog over the next 12 months and approximately 45% over the next 24 months as revenue, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Disaggregation of Revenue: See Note 14 for information regarding our sales by customer type, contract type and geographic region for each of our segments. We believe those categories best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Accounts Receivable: Receivables consist of billed amounts due from our customers. Due to the nature of our customers, we generally do not require collateral. We have limited exposure to credit risk as we have historically collected substantially all of our receivables. We generally require minimal allowance for doubtful accounts for our customers, which amounted to $1.7 million and $1.3 million as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

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Inventories: We state our inventories at the lower of cost or market. We determine cost using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, which approximates current replacement cost. We value our work in process at the actual production and engineering costs incurred to date, including applicable overhead. Any inventoried costs in excess of estimated realizable value are immediately charged to cost of sales.

Contract Assets: Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The amounts may not exceed their estimated net realizable value. Contract assets are classified as current assets and, in accordance with industry practice, include amounts that may be billed and collected beyond one year due to the long-cycle nature of many of our contracts.

Long-term Capitalized Contract Costs: Through September 30, 2018, and prior to the adoption of ASC 606 long-term capitalized contract costs included costs incurred on contracts to develop and manufacture transportation systems for customers for which revenue recognition did not begin until the customers begin operating the systems. Upon adoption of ASC 606, revenue recognition and cost recognition are no longer deferred in these situations and therefore we no longer have long-term capitalized contract costs.

Contract Liabilities: Contract liabilities (formerly referred to as customer advances prior to the adoption of ASC 606) include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are classified as current liabilities based on our contract operating cycle and calculated on a contract-by-contract basis, net of revenue recognized, at the end of each reporting period.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017 the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act). Due to the complexity of the Tax Act, the SEC issued guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118 which clarified the accounting for income taxes under ASC 740 if certain information was not yet available, prepared or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provided for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment of the Tax Act, during which time the required analyses and accounting must be completed. During fiscal year 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the income tax effects of the changes in tax law and tax rates, as reasonable estimates were determined by management during this period. The SAB 118 measurement period subsequently ended on December 22, 2018. Although we no longer consider these amounts to be provisional, the determination of the Tax Act’s income tax effects may change following future legislation or further interpretation of the Tax Act based on the publication of recently proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and guidance from the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Other

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and ending amounts for the periods shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 was adopted by us beginning October 1, 2018. The application of this accounting standard update did not impact our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income or our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, but resulted in a retrospective change in the presentation of restricted cash, including the inclusion of our restricted cash balances within the beginning and ending amounts of cash and cash equivalents in our Statements of Cash Flows. In addition, changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are now reflected in our Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (a) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (b) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The ASU will be effective for us beginning October 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-02 will be adopted on a modified retrospective transition basis for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of the

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application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and we have determined we will not adopt the new guidance early.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard removes the second step of the goodwill impairment test, where a determination of the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit was needed to measure the goodwill impairment. Under this updated standard, goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The guidance will be effective for us in our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. Adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have no immediate impact on our consolidated financial statements and would only have the potential to impact the amount of any goodwill impairment recorded after the adoption of the ASU. We are currently evaluating whether to adopt the guidance early.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which aims to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are intended to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To satisfy that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risk components, and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. Additionally, the amendments (1) permit hedge accounting for risk components in hedging relationships involving non-financial risk and interest rate risk; (2) change the guidance for designating fair value hedges of interest rate risk and for measuring the change in fair value of the hedged item in fair value hedges of interest rate risk; (3) continue to allow an entity to exclude option premiums and forward points from the assessment of hedge effectiveness; and (4) permit an entity to exclude the portion of the change in fair value of a currency swap that is attributable to a cross-currency basis spread from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2019 and interim periods within that year. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The amendments in this accounting standard update are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2020 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements as well as whether to adopt the new guidance early.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Defined Benefit Plan - Disclosure Framework (Topic 715), which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans. The guidance removes disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The amendments in this accounting standard update are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements as well as whether to adopt the new guidance early.

Note 2 — Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as ASC 606), which replaces numerous requirements in U.S. GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provides companies with a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers and significantly expands the disclosure requirements for revenue arrangements. The new standard, as amended, was effective for us beginning on October 1, 2018.

As discussed in Note 1, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. Results for reporting periods beginning after September 30, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported in accordance with ASC 605, the accounting standard in effect for periods ending prior to October 1, 2018.

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Based on contracts in process at September 30, 2018, upon adoption of ASC 606 we recorded a net increase to shareholders’ equity of $24.5 million, which includes the acceleration of net sales of approximately $114.9 million and the related cost of sales of $90.4 million. The adjustment to shareholders’ equity primarily relates to multiple element transportation contracts that previously required the deferral of revenue and costs during the design and build phase, as the collection of all customer payments occurs during the subsequent operate and maintain phase. Under ASC 606, deferral of such revenue and costs is not required. In addition, the adjustment to shareholders’ equity is attributed to contracts previously accounted for under the units-of-delivery method, which are now recognized under ASC 606 earlier in the performance period as costs are incurred, as opposed to when the units are delivered under ASC 605. In accordance with the modified retrospective transition provisions of ASC 606, we will not recognize any of the accelerated net sales and related cost of sales through October 1, 2018 in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for any historical or future period.

We made certain presentation changes to our Consolidated Balance Sheet on October 1, 2018 to comply with ASC 606. The component of accounts receivable that consisted of unbilled contract receivables as reported under ASC 605 has been reclassified as contract assets under ASC 606, after certain adjustments described below. The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in an increase in unbilled contract receivables (referred to as contract assets under ASC 606) primarily from converting contracts previously applying the units-of-delivery method to the cost-to-cost method with a corresponding reduction in inventoried contract costs. Additionally, the adoption of ASC 606 resulted in an increase in unbilled receivables from converting multiple element transportation contracts that previously deferred all revenue and costs during the design and build phase, with a corresponding reduction in long-term capitalized contract costs. Advance payments and deferred revenue, previously primarily classified in customer advances, are now presented as contract liabilities.

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The table below presents the cumulative effect of the changes made to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of October 1, 2018 due to the adoption of ASC 606 (in thousands):

			Adjustments		October 1, 2018
	September 30,		Due to		As Adjusted
	2018		ASC 606		Under ASC 606
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,834	$	—	$	111,834
Cash in consolidated VIE		374		—		374
Restricted cash		17,400		—		17,400
Restricted cash in consolidated VIE		10,000		—		10,000
Accounts receivable, net		392,367		(236,743)		155,624
Contract assets		—		272,210		272,210
Recoverable income taxes		91		—		91
Inventories		84,199		(22,511)		61,688
Assets held for sale		8,177		—		8,177
Other current assets		43,705		—		43,705
Total current assets		668,147		12,956		681,103
Long-term contracts receivables		6,134		(6,134)		—
Long-term contracts financing receivables		—		56,228		56,228
Long-term contracts financing receivables in consolidated VIE		—		38,990		38,990
Long-term capitalized contract costs		84,924		(84,924)		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs in consolidated VIE		1,258		(1,258)		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		117,546		—		117,546
Deferred income taxes		4,713		389		5,102
Goodwill		333,626		—		333,626
Purchased intangibles, net		73,533		—		73,533
Other assets		14,192		—		14,192
Other noncurrent assets in consolidated VIE		810		—		810
Total assets	$	1,304,883	$	16,247	$	1,321,130
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	—	$	—	$	—
Trade accounts payable		125,414		(3,011)		122,403
Trade accounts payable in consolidated VIE		165		—		165
Contract liabilities		—		70,127		70,127
Customer advances		75,941		(75,941)		—
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		118,233		583		118,816
Income taxes payable		8,586		—		8,586
Total current liabilities		328,339		(8,242)		320,097
Long-term debt		199,793		—		199,793
Long-term debt in consolidated VIE		9,056		—		9,056
Other long-term liabilities		43,486		—		43,486
Other long-term liabilities in consolidated VIE		13		—		13
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock		45,008		—		45,008
Retained earnings		801,834		19,834		821,668
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(110,643)		—		(110,643)
Treasury stock at cost		(36,078)		—		(36,078)
Shareholders’ equity related to Cubic		700,121		19,834		719,955
Noncontrolling interest in VIE		24,075		4,655		28,730
Total shareholders’ equity		724,196		24,489		748,685
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,304,883	$	16,247	$	1,321,130

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The table below presents how the adoption of ASC 606 affected certain line items on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019						Nine months ended June 30, 2019
					As Reported						As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under		Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606		ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
Net sales:
Products	$	240,604	$	15,296	$	255,900	$	588,754	$	72,143	$	660,897
Services		126,790		(11)		126,779		365,099		(719)		364,380
		367,394		15,285		382,679		953,853		71,424		1,025,277
Costs and expenses:
Products		179,281		11,153		190,434		433,351		58,505		491,856
Services		77,224		—		77,224		243,851		—		243,851
Selling, general and administrative expenses		81,673		494		82,167		210,791		557		211,348
Research and development		12,470		—		12,470		38,236		—		38,236
Amortization of purchased intangibles		9,717		—		9,717		32,677		—		32,677
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(32,563)		—		(32,563)		(32,563)		—		(32,563)
Restructuring costs		8,505		—		8,505		12,254		—		12,254
		336,307		11,647		347,954		938,597		59,062		997,659
Operating income		31,087		3,638		34,725		15,256		12,362		27,618
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income		39		1,657		1,696		169		4,174		4,343
Interest expense		(6,132)		—		(6,132)		(14,695)		—		(14,695)
Other income (expense), net		(8,714)		—		(8,714)		(17,069)		—		(17,069)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		16,280		5,295		21,575		(16,339)		16,536		197
Income tax provision (benefit)		1,113		(84)		1,029		(467)		162		(305)
Income (loss) from continuing operations		15,167		5,379		20,546		(15,872)		16,374		502
Net loss from discontinued operations		(202)		—		(202)		(1,541)		—		(1,541)
Net income (loss)		14,965		5,379		20,344		(17,413)		16,374		(1,039)
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE		(7,074)		3,508		(3,566)		(16,940)		7,970		(8,970)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	22,039	$	1,871	$	23,910	$	(473)	$	8,404	$	7,931
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income from continuing operations		22,241		1,871		24,112		1,068		8,404		9,472
Net loss from discontinued operations		(202)		—		(202)		(1,541)		—		(1,541)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	22,039	$	1,871	$	23,910	$	(473)	$	8,404	$	7,931
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.71	$	0.06	$	0.77	$	(0.02)	$	0.28	$	0.26
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.71	$	0.06	$	0.77	$	(0.02)	$	0.28	$	0.26

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The table below quantifies the impact of adopting ASC 606 on segment net sales and operating income (loss) for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019						Nine months ended June 30, 2019
					As Reported						As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under		Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606		ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
Sales:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	201,935	$	10,737	$	212,672	$	557,234	$	37,938	$	595,172
Cubic Mission Solutions		94,352		626		94,978		202,392		914		203,306
Cubic Global Defense		71,107		3,922		75,029		194,227		32,572		226,799
Total sales	$	367,394	$	15,285	$	382,679	$	953,853	$	71,424	$	1,025,277
Operating income (loss):
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	14,489	$	2,788	$	17,277	$	29,348	$	7,700	$	37,048
Cubic Mission Solutions		1,187		43		1,230		(12,045)		(88)		(12,133)
Cubic Global Defense		1,121		807		1,928		5,248		4,750		9,998
Unallocated corporate expenses		14,290		—		14,290		(7,295)		—		(7,295)
Total operating income	$	31,087	$	3,638	$	34,725	$	15,256	$	12,362	$	27,618

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The table below presents how the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 affected certain line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

					As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	62,522	$	—	$	62,522
Cash in consolidated VIE		359		—		359
Restricted cash		17,062		—		17,062
Restricted cash in consolidated VIE		9,967		—		9,967
Accounts receivable, net		394,777		(215,928)		178,849
Contract assets		(5,052)		280,474		275,422
Recoverable income taxes		8,481		220		8,701
Inventories		171,247		(46,950)		124,297
Assets held for sale		—		—		—
Other current assets		40,615		—		40,615
Other current assets in consolidated VIE		53		—		53
Total current assets		700,031		17,816		717,847
Long-term contracts receivables		3,201		(3,201)		—
Long-term contracts financing receivables		—		38,885		38,885
Long-term contracts financing receivables in consolidated VIE		—		90,233		90,233
Long-term capitalized contract costs		119,331		(119,331)		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs in consolidated VIE		2,255		(2,255)		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		137,004		—		137,004
Deferred income taxes		4,867		235		5,102
Goodwill		578,945		—		578,945
Purchased intangibles, net		175,207		—		175,207
Other assets		70,396		—		70,396
Other noncurrent assets in consolidated VIE		1,266		—		1,266
Total assets	$	1,792,503	$	22,382	$	1,814,885
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	231,000	$	—	$	231,000
Trade accounts payable		156,544		(2,253)		154,291
Trade accounts payable in consolidated VIE		88		—		88
Contract liabilities		—		62,266		62,266
Customer advances		78,760		(78,760)		—
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		92,327		—		92,327
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities in consolidated VIE		183		—		183
Income taxes payable		1,026		266		1,292
Current portion of long-term debt		10,713		—		10,713
Total current liabilities		570,641		(18,481)		552,160
Long-term debt		189,103		—		189,103
Long-term debt in consolidated VIE		45,991		—		45,991
Other long-term liabilities		45,152		—		45,152
Other long-term liabilities in consolidated VIE		16,897		—		16,897
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock		268,965		—		268,965
Retained earnings		797,158		28,238		825,396
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(112,470)		—		(112,470)
Treasury stock at cost		(36,078)		—		(36,078)
Shareholders’ equity related to Cubic		917,575		28,238		945,813
Noncontrolling interest in VIE		7,144		12,625		19,769
Total shareholders’ equity		924,719		40,863		965,582
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,792,503	$	22,382	$	1,814,885

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Note 3 — Acquisitions and Divestitures

Sale of CGD Services

On April 18, 2018, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with the Purchaser, an entity affiliated with GC Valiant, LP, under which we agreed to sell our CGD Services business to the Purchaser. We concluded that the sale of the CGD Services business met all of the required conditions for discontinued operations presentation in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Consequently, in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we recognized a $6.9 million loss within discontinued operations, which was calculated as the excess of the carrying value of the net assets of CGD Services less the estimated sales price in the stock purchase agreement less estimated selling costs.

The sale closed on May 31, 2018. In accordance with the terms of the stock purchase agreement, the Purchaser agreed to pay us $135.0 million in cash upon the closing of the transaction, adjusted for the estimated working capital of CGD Services at the date of the sale compared to a working capital target. In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, we received $133.8 million in connection with the sale and we recorded a receivable from the Purchaser for the estimated amount due related to the working capital settlement. The balance of this receivable was $3.7 million at December 31, 2018. In the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we worked with the Purchaser and revised certain estimates related to the working capital settlement. In connection with the revision of these estimates, we reduced the receivable from the Purchaser by $1.3 million and recognized a loss on the sale of CGD Services in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Certain remaining working capital settlement estimates, primarily related to the fair value of accounts receivable, have not yet been settled with the Purchaser. 

In addition to the amounts described above, we are eligible to receive an additional cash payment of $3.0 million based on the achievement of pre-determined earn-out conditions related to the award of certain government contracts. No amount has been recorded as a receivable related to the potential achievement of earn-out conditions based upon our assessment of the probability of achievement of the required conditions.

The operations and cash flows of CGD Services are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as discontinued operations through May 31, 2018, the date of the sale. The following table presents the composition of net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net sales	$	—	$	71,867	$	—	$	262,228
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		—		64,597		—		235,279
Selling, general and administrative expenses		—		3,133		—		10,676
Amortization of purchased intangibles		—		276		—		1,373
Restructuring costs		—		—		—		7
Other income		—		(2)		—		(15)
Earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes		—		3,863		—		14,908
Net (gain) loss on sale		202		(819)		1,541		6,081
Income tax (benefit) provision		—		(698)		—		463
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	(202)	$	5,380	$	(1,541)	$	8,364

Business Acquisitions

PIXIA Corp.

On June 27, 2019, we paid cash of $50.0 million to purchase 20% of the outstanding capital stock of PIXIA Corp (Pixia), a private software company based in Herndon, Virginia, which provides high performance advanced data indexing, warehousing, processing and dissemination software solutions for large volumes of imagery data within traditional or cloud-based architectures. Our purchase agreement with Pixia includes an option to purchase the remaining

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80% of the capital stock, which must be exercised by December 31, 2019. We are accounting for our investment in Pixia using the equity method of accounting. As such, we recorded a $50.0 million investment in Pixia within other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, and our interest in Pixia’s operating results is recognized in other income (expense) outside of operating income on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. However, our interest in Pixia’s operating income was not significant for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

Consolidated Business Acquisitions

Each of the following acquisitions has been treated as a business combination for accounting purposes. The results of operations of each acquired business has been included in our consolidated financial statements since the respective date of each acquisition.

Nuvotronics, Inc.

In March 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Nuvotronics, Inc. (Nuvotronics), a provider of microfabricated radio frequency (RF) products. Based in Durham, North Carolina, Nuvotronics’ patented PolyStrata technology enables the design and production of uniquely packaged RF devices, such as antennas, filters, and combiners, all of which are components in Cubic’s advanced technology product offerings. Nuvotronics is expected to provide synergies from combining its capabilities with our existing CMS business.

Nuvotronics’ sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	3.6	$	—	$	4.3	$	—
Operating loss		(3.2)		—		(4.9)		—
Net loss after taxes		(3.2)		—		(4.9)		—

Nuvotronics’ operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.6	$	—	$	0.7	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		1.1		—		2.9		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $66.8 million, which is comprised of net cash paid of $61.5 million, plus the estimated fair value of contingent consideration of $4.9 million, plus a $0.4 million estimated payable due to the sellers for the difference between the net working capital acquired and the targeted working capital amounts. The acquisition was financed primarily with proceeds from draws on our line of credit. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $8.0 million of contingent consideration if Nuvotronics meets certain gross profit goals for the 12-month periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The contingent consideration liability will be re-measured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingencies are resolved and any subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

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The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	22.7
Trade name		1.5
Backlog		1.4
Non-compete agreements		0.5
Customer relationships		0.6
Accounts receivable and contract assets		2.6
Fixed assets		2.7
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(1.8)
Deferred taxes		(3.5)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(0.6)
Net identifiable assets acquired		26.1
Goodwill		40.7
Net assets acquired	$	66.8

The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including purchased intangibles are preliminary estimates pending the finalization of our valuation analyses and the receipt of further information from the seller regarding its assets and liabilities. The estimated fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology and backlog valuations used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected period of undiscounted cash flows that will be generated by the assets, over an average useful life of nine years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of Nuvotronics with our existing CMS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products in our CMS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CMS segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Nuvotronics is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	1.2
2020		4.0
2021		3.0
2022		3.0
2023		2.9
Thereafter		12.6

GRIDSMART Technologies, Inc.

In January 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of GRIDSMART Technologies, Inc. (GRIDSMART), a provider of differentiated video tracking solutions to the Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS) market. Based in Knoxville, Tennessee, GRIDSMART specializes in video detection at the intersection utilizing advanced image processing, computer vision modeling and machine learning along with a single camera solution providing best-in-class data for optimizing the flow of people and traffic through intersections. GRIDSMART is expected to provide synergies from combining its capabilities with our existing CTS business.

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GRIDSMART’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	7.7	$	—	$	14.0	$	—
Operating income (loss)		0.7		—		(1.3)		—
Net income (loss) after taxes		0.7		—		(1.3)		—

GRIDSMART’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	1.3	$	—	$	2.7	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		0.6		—		2.4		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $86.8 million, which is comprised of net cash paid of $87.2 million less a $0.4 million receivable due from the sellers for the difference between the net working capital acquired and the targeted working capital amounts. The acquisition was financed primarily with proceeds from draws on our line of credit.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	25.7
Customer relationships		3.6
Trade name		2.4
Inventory		4.3
Accounts receivable		1.7
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(2.5)
Deferred taxes		(3.9)
Other net assets acquired		0.5
Net identifiable assets acquired		31.8
Goodwill		55.0
Net assets acquired	$	86.8

The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including purchased intangibles, are preliminary estimates pending the finalization of our valuation analyses, including the filing of pre-acquisition income tax returns. The estimated fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology and backlog valuations used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected period of undiscounted cash flows that will be generated by the assets, over an average useful life of approximately eight years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of GRIDSMART with our existing CTS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products in our CTS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CTS segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

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The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of GRIDSMART is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	4.0
2020		5.3
2021		3.9
2022		3.5
2023		3.5
Thereafter		11.5

Advanced Traffic Solutions Inc.

In October 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Advanced Traffic Solutions Inc. (Trafficware), a provider of intelligent traffic solutions for the transportation industry based in Sugar Land, Texas. Trafficware provides a fully integrated suite of software, Internet of Things devices, and hardware solutions that optimize the flow of motorist and pedestrian traffic. Trafficware is expected to provide synergies from combining its capabilities with our existing CTS business.

Trafficware’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	15.8	$	—	$	38.0	$	—
Operating loss		(1.0)		—		(9.5)		—
Net loss after taxes		(1.0)		—		(9.5)		—

Trafficware’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	2.8	$	—	$	12.4	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		0.9		—		4.4		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $237.2 million. The acquisition was financed primarily with proceeds from draws on our line of credit.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	43.3
Customer relationships		21.9
Backlog		4.8
Trade name		4.6
Accounts receivable		10.4
Inventory		9.9
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(6.6)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(1.9)
Net identifiable assets acquired		86.4
Goodwill		150.8
Net assets acquired	$	237.2

The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including purchased intangibles, are preliminary estimates pending the finalization of our valuation analyses and the filing of pre-acquisition income tax returns. The estimated fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most

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appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology and backlog valuations used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected period of undiscounted cash flows that will be generated by the assets, over an average useful life of seven years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of Trafficware with our existing CTS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products in our CTS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CTS segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Trafficware is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	15.3
2020		11.4
2021		11.4
2022		11.4
2023		6.4
Thereafter		18.7

Shield Aviation, Inc.

In July 2018, we acquired the assets of Shield Aviation (Shield), based in San Diego, California, a provider of autonomous aircraft systems (AAS) for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance services. The addition of Shield expands our C4ISR portfolio for our CMS segment and will provide our customers with a rapidly deployable, medium AAS that offers unique mission enabling capabilities. We already provide the data link as well as the command and control link for the Shield AAS.

Shield’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Operating loss		(2.0)		—		(4.8)		—
Net loss after taxes		(2.0)		—		(4.8)		—

Shield’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.2	$	—	$	0.6	$	—
(Gains) for changes in fair values of contingent consideration		(0.7)		—		(0.4)		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $12.8 million, which is comprised of the fair value of contingent consideration of $5.6 million, extinguishment of secured loans and warrants due from Shield of $5.2 million, cash paid of $1.3 million, plus additional consideration to be paid in the future of $0.7 million. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $10.0 million of contingent consideration if Shield meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through July 31, 2025. The contingent consideration liability will be re-measured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingencies are resolved and any subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

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The acquisition of Shield was paid for with funds from existing cash resources. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	6.0
Other net assets acquired		0.3
Net identifiable assets acquired		6.3
Goodwill		6.5
Net assets acquired	$	12.8

The technology asset valuation used the excess earnings approach and is being amortized using the straight-line method over eight years, which is based on the expected period of cash flows that will be generated by the asset.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of Shield with our existing CMS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products and services in our CMS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CMS segment and is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Shield is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	0.8
2020		0.8
2021		0.8
2022		0.8
2023		0.8
Thereafter		2.1

MotionDSP

In October 2017 we paid cash of $4.7 million to purchase 49% of the outstanding capital stock of MotionDSP, a private artificial intelligence software company based in Burlingame, California, which specializes in real-time video enhancement and computer vision analytics. On February 21, 2018, we paid net cash of $4.8 million to purchase the remaining outstanding capital stock of MotionDSP. The addition of MotionDSP enhances the capabilities in real-time video processing of our CMS business and expands our customer base in the public safety and other adjacent markets.

MotionDSP’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results since its consolidation in our financial statements were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	0.6	$	0.3	$	1.1	$	0.4
Operating loss		(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.5)		(1.0)
Net loss after taxes		(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.5)		(1.0)

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MotionDSP’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.2	$	0.2	$	0.6	$	0.2
Acquisition-related expenses		—		0.1		0.2		0.7

The acquisition of MotionDSP was paid for with funds from existing cash resources. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Customer relationships	$	0.2
Technology		4.5
Trade name		0.1
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(0.3)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(0.8)
Other net liabilities assumed		(0.9)
Net identifiable assets acquired		2.8
Goodwill		6.7
Net assets acquired	$	9.5

The fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology valuation used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected cash flows from the assets, over a useful life of seven years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition was deemed to consist primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of MotionDSP with our CMS operating segment, enhancing our capabilities in real-time video processing and computer vision analytics of our CMS portfolio, as well as the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill in connection with the acquisition of MotionDSP is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of MotionDSP is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	0.7
2020		0.7
2021		0.7
2022		0.7
2023		0.7
Thereafter		0.8

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Pro forma information

The following unaudited pro forma information presents our consolidated results of operations as if Nuvotronics, GRIDSMART, Trafficware, Shield, and MotionDSP had been included in our consolidated results since October 1, 2017 (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net sales	$	382.7	$	322.4	$	1,039.6	$	891.4
Net income (loss)		24.1		(1.5)		4.9		(28.3)

The pro forma information includes adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisitions and have a continuing impact on operations including the amortization of purchased intangibles and the elimination of interest expense for the repayment of debt. No adjustments were made for transaction expenses, other items that do not reflect ongoing operations, or for operating efficiencies or synergies. The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the consolidated financial results of our operations would have been had the acquisitions been completed on October 1, 2017, and it does not purport to project our future operating results.

Goodwill

Changes in goodwill for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows for each of our reporting units (in thousands):

	Cubic Transportation		Cubic Mission		Cubic Global
	Systems		Solutions		Defense		Total
Net balances at September 30, 2018	$	49,786	$	138,127	$	145,713	$	333,626
Acquisitions		205,778		40,709		—		246,487
Reassignment of goodwill		—		3,428		(3,428)		—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		(989)		(215)		36		(1,168)
Net balances at June 30, 2019	$	254,575	$	182,049	$	142,321	$	578,945

Goodwill represents the purchase price paid in excess of the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to an impairment test at a reporting unit level on an annual basis and when circumstances indicate that an impairment is more-likely-than-not. Circumstances that might indicate an impairment is more-likely-than-not include a significant adverse change in the business climate for one of our reporting units or a decision to dispose of a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit.

The test for goodwill impairment is a two-step process. The first step of the test is performed by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including recorded goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step is performed to measure the amount of the impairment, if any, by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill to its carrying amount. Any resulting impairment determined would be recorded in the current period.

Our most recent annual goodwill impairment test was our 2018 annual impairment test completed as of July 1, 2018. The results of our 2018 annual impairment test indicated that the estimated fair value for our CTS reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by over 100% while the estimated fair amounts of our CGD and CMS reporting units each exceeded their respective carrying amounts by over 40%. Subsequent to the effective dates of the tests for each of our reporting units, we do not believe that circumstances have occurred that indicate that an impairment for any of our reporting units is more-likely-than-not. As such, no subsequent interim impairment tests have been performed.

In July 2017, we acquired Deltenna, a wireless infrastructure company specializing in the design and delivery of radio and antenna communication solutions. The acquisition-date fair value of consideration paid for Deltenna was $5.3 million. Deltenna’s operations were included in our CGD reporting unit upon its acquisition. On April 1, 2019, we

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reorganized our reporting structure to include Deltenna in our CMS reporting unit and reassigned $3.4 million of goodwill from CGD to CMS based upon its relative fair value. Since its acquisition, Deltenna’s sales, operating results, and cash flows have not been significant to our consolidated results. As such, reportable segment information has not been restated for this change in the composition of our reportable segments.

Note 4 – Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, we assess our partnerships and joint ventures at inception, and when there are changes in relevant factors, to determine if any meet the qualifications of a variable interest entity (VIE). We consider a partnership or joint venture a VIE if it has any of the following characteristics: (a) the total equity investment is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (either the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights, the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and/or their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, and substantially all of the entity's activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights.

We perform a qualitative assessment of each VIE to determine if we are its primary beneficiary. We conclude that we are the primary beneficiary and consolidate the VIE if we have both (a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We consider the VIE design, the contractual agreements that define the ownership structure, distribution of profits and losses, risks, responsibilities, indebtedness, voting rights and board representation of the respective parties in determining if we are the primary beneficiary. We also consider all parties that have direct or implicit variable interests when determining whether we are the primary beneficiary. As required by ASC 810, our primary beneficiary assessment is continuously performed.

In March 2018, Cubic and John Laing, an unrelated company that specializes in contracting under public-private partnerships (P3), jointly formed Boston AFC 2.0 HoldCo. LLC (HoldCo). Also in March 2018, HoldCo created a wholly owned entity, Boston AFC 2.0 OpCo. LLC (OpCo) which entered into a contract with the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) for the financing, development, and operation of a next-generation fare payment system in Boston (the MBTA Contract). HoldCo is 90% owned by John Laing and 10% owned by Cubic. Collectively, HoldCo and OpCo are referred to as the P3 Venture. Based on our assessment under ASC 810, we have concluded that OpCo and HoldCo are VIE’s and that we are the primary beneficiary of OpCo. Consequently, we have consolidated the financial statements of OpCo within Cubic’s consolidated financial statements. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of HoldCo, and thus we have not consolidated the financial statements of HoldCo within Cubic’s consolidated financial statements.

The MBTA Contract consists of a design and build phase of approximately three years and an operate and maintain phase of approximately ten years. The design and build phase is planned to be completed in 2021 and the operate and maintain phase will span from 2021 through 2031. MBTA will make fixed payments of $558.5 million, adjusted for incremental transaction-based fees, inflation, and performance penalties, to OpCo in connection with the MBTA Contract over the ten- year operate and maintain phase. All of OpCo’s contractual responsibilities regarding the design and development and the operation and maintenance of the fare system have been subcontracted to Cubic by OpCo. Cubic will receive fixed payments of $427.6 million, adjusted for incremental transaction-based fees, inflation, and performance penalties, under its subcontract with OpCo.

Upon creation of the P3 Venture, John Laing made a loan to HoldCo of $24.3 million in the form of a bridge loan that is intended to be converted to equity in the future in accordance with its equity funding responsibilities. Concurrently, HoldCo made a corresponding equity contribution to OpCo in the same amount which is included within equity of Noncontrolling interest in VIE in Cubic’s consolidated financial statements. Also, upon creation of the P3 Venture, Cubic issued a letter of credit for $2.7 million to HoldCo in accordance with Cubic’s equity funding responsibilities. HoldCo is able to draw on the Cubic letter of credit in certain liquidity instances, but no amounts have been drawn on this letter of credit as of June 30, 2019.

Upon creation of the P3 Venture, OpCo entered into a credit agreement with a group of financial institutions (the OpCo Credit Agreement) which includes a long-term debt facility and a revolving credit facility. The long-term debt facility allows for draws up to a maximum amount of $212.4 million; draws may only be made during the design and build

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phase of the MBTA Contract. The long-term debt facility, including interest and fees incurred during the design and build phase, is required to be repaid on a fixed monthly schedule over the operate and maintain phase of the MBTA Contract. The long-term debt facility bears interest at variable rates of LIBOR plus 1.3% and LIBOR plus 1.55% over the design and build and operate and maintain phases of the MBTA Contract, respectively. At June 30, 2019, the outstanding balance on the long-term debt facility was $46.0 million, which is presented net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $8.8 million. The revolving credit facility allows for draws up to a maximum amount of $13.9 million and is only available to be drawn on during the operate and maintain phase of the MBTA Contract. OpCo’s debt is nonrecourse with respect to Cubic and its subsidiaries. The fair value of the long-term debt facility approximates its carrying amount.

The OpCo Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants which require that OpCo and Cubic maintain progress on the delivery of the MBTA Contract within a specified timeline and budget and provide regular reporting on such progress. The OpCo Credit Agreement also contains a number of customary events of default including, but not limited to, the delivery of a customized fare collection system to MBTA by a pre-determined date. Failure to meet such delivery date will result in OpCo, and Cubic via its subcontract with OpCo, to incur penalties due to the lenders.

OpCo has entered into pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps with a group of financial institutions to mitigate variable interest rate risk associated with its long-term debt. The interest rate swaps contain forward starting notional principal amounts which align with OpCo’s expected draws on its long-term debt facility. At June 30, 2019, the outstanding notional principal amounts on open interest rate swaps were $117.3 million. The fair value of OpCo’s interest rate swaps at June 30, 2019 was $16.9 million and is recorded as a liability in other long-term liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. OpCo’s interest rate swaps were not designated as effective hedges at June 30, 2019 and as such unrealized gains/losses are included in other income (expense), net. Unrealized losses as a result of changes in the fair value of OpCo’s interest rate swaps were $7.0 million and $16.9 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively. See Note 13 for a description of the measurement of fair value of derivative financial instruments, including OpCo’s interest rate swaps.

OpCo holds a restricted cash balance which is required by the MBTA Contract to allow for the delivery of future change orders and unplanned expansions as directed by MBTA.

The assets and liabilities of OpCo that are consolidated into our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 are as follows:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cash	$	359	$	374
Restricted cash		9,967		10,000
Other current assets		53		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs		—		33,818
Long-term contracts financing receivable		90,233		—
Other noncurrent assets		1,266		810
Total assets	$	101,878	$	45,002
Trade accounts payable	$	88	$	165
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		183		—
Due to Cubic		19,460		11,724
Other long-term liabilities		16,897		13
Long-term debt		45,991		9,056
Total liabilities	$	82,619	$	20,958
Total Cubic equity		(510)		(304)
Noncontrolling interests		19,769		24,348
Total liabilities and owners' equity	$	101,878	$	45,002

The assets of OpCo are restricted for its use only and are not available for the general operations of Cubic. OpCo’s debt is non-recourse to Cubic. Cubic’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its equity interest in the P3 Venture is limited

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to the $2.7 million outstanding letter of credit, which will be converted to a cash contribution upon completion of the design and build phase of the MBTA Contract.

Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, Cubic and OpCo were precluded from recognizing revenue on the MBTA Contract because MBTA was not required to make payments to OpCo until the operate and maintain phase of the contract began. During this time period Cubic and OpCo were capitalizing costs associated with designing and building the system for MBTA. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, Cubic and OpCo no longer defer the recognition of revenue and costs related to the MBTA contract and therefore costs are no longer capitalized.

The revenue, operating income, and other income (expense), net of OpCo that are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	$	3,233	$	—	$	7,519	$	—
Operating income		2,823		—		6,521		—
Other income (expense), net		(7,031)		(2,090)		(16,884)		(2,090)
Interest income		1,075		—		2,335		—
Interest expense		(829)		—		(1,939)		—

Note 5 — Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share (EPS) is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Cubic for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including vested restricted stock units (RSUs).

In periods with a net income from continuing operations attributable to Cubic, diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares consist of dilutive restricted stock units. Dilutive restricted stock units are calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. For RSUs with performance-based vesting, no common equivalent shares are included in the computation of diluted EPS until the related performance criteria have been met. In periods with a net loss from continuing operations attributable to Cubic, common equivalent shares are not included in the computation of diluted EPS, because to do so would be anti-dilutive.

The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per common share were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Weighted average shares - basic		31,160		27,232		30,267		27,221
Effect of dilutive securities		89		142		65		—
Weighted average shares - diluted		31,249		27,374		30,332		27,221
Number of anti-dilutive securities		—		—		—		1,023

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Note 6 — Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract liabilities (formerly referred to as customer advances prior to the adoption of ASC 606) include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract assets and contract liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		October 1,
	2019		2018
Contract assets	$	275,422	$	272,210
Contract liabilities	$	62,266	$	70,127

Contract assets increased $3.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2019, due to the recognition of revenue related to the satisfaction or partial satisfaction of performance obligations during the nine months ended June 30, 2019 for which we have not yet billed. There were no significant impairment losses related to our contract assets during the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

Contract liabilities decreased $7.9 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2019, due to revenue recognition in excess of payments received on these performance obligations. During the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, we recognized $12.8 million and $47.6 million, respectively, of our contract liabilities at October 1, 2018 as revenue. We expect our contract liabilities to be recognized as revenue over the next twelve months.

Note 7 — Balance Sheet Details

Accounts Receivable

The components of accounts receivable are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Accounts receivable
Billed	$	180,594	$	156,948
Unbilled		—		242,877
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,745)		(1,324)
Total accounts receivable		178,849		398,501
Less estimated amounts not currently due		—		(6,134)
Current accounts receivable	$	178,849	$	392,367

In our normal course of business, we may sell trade receivables to financial institutions as a cash management technique. We do not retain financial or legal obligations for these receivables that would result in material losses. Our ongoing involvement is limited to the remittance of customer payments to the financial institutions with respect to the sold trade receivables; therefore, our sold trade receivables are not included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in any period presented. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we sold $25.0 million of trade receivables to a financial institution that had not been collected as of June 30, 2019.

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Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Finished products	$	12,745	$	7,099
Work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts		73,838		63,169
Materials and purchased parts		37,714		23,710
Customer advances		—		(9,779)
Net inventories	$	124,297	$	84,199

At June 30, 2019, work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts includes approximately $2.5 million in costs incurred outside the scope of work or in advance of a contract award compared to $0.9 million at September 30, 2018. We believe it is probable that we will recover the costs inventoried at June 30, 2019, plus a profit margin, under contract change orders or awards within the next year.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Significant components of property, plant and equipment are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Land and land improvements	$	9,611	$	13,132
Buildings and improvements		32,343		57,959
Machinery and other equipment		94,447		81,727
Software		94,821		84,631
Leasehold improvements		17,351		11,991
Construction and internal-use software development in progress		18,069		12,888
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(129,638)		(144,782)
	$	137,004	$	117,546

In fiscal 2019, we entered into agreements related to the construction and leasing of two buildings on our existing corporate campus in San Diego, California. Under these agreements, a financial institution will own the buildings, and we will lease the property for a term of five years upon their completion.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2019 we sold the land and buildings comprising our separate CTS campus in San Diego. We have entered into a lease with the buyer of this campus and CTS employees will continue to occupy this separate campus until the new buildings on our corporate campus are ready for occupancy in fiscal 2021. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019 we also sold land and buildings in Orlando, Florida and we are entering a lease for new space in Orlando to accommodate our employees and operations in Orlando. In connection with the sale of these real estate campuses we received total net proceeds of $44.9 million and recognized net gains on the sales totaling $32.6 million.

Capitalized Software

We capitalize certain costs associated with the development or purchase of internal-use software. The amounts capitalized are included in property, plant and equipment in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which ranges from three to seven years. No amortization expense is recorded until the software is ready for its intended use.

As a part of our efforts to upgrade our current information systems, early in fiscal 2015 we purchased new enterprise resource planning (ERP) software and began the process of designing and configuring this software and other software applications to manage our operations. Various components of our ERP system became ready for their intended use and were placed into service in phases from fiscal 2016 through fiscal 2018. As each component became ready for its

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intended use, the component’s costs were transferred into completed software and we began amortizing these costs over their seven-year estimated useful life.

Excluding businesses that we acquired in fiscal 2019, we completed the planned implementation of our ERP system in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. We continue to capitalize costs associated with the development of certain ERP features and upgrades that are not yet ready for their intended use. We capitalized costs related to ERP components in development totaling $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $1.9 million and $6.5 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

In addition to software costs that were capitalized, during the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, we recognized expenses related to the development and implementation of our ERP system of $0.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively, compared to $2.8 million and $13.1 million during the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively, for costs that did not meet the requirements for capitalization. Amounts that were expensed in connection with the development and implementation of these systems are classified within selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Deferred Compensation Plan

We have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan offered to a select group of highly compensated employees. The plan provides participants with the opportunity to defer a portion of their compensation in a given plan year. The liabilities associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan are included in other long-term liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $11.1 million at June 30, 2019 and $11.5 million at September 30, 2018.

We have made contributions to a rabbi trust to provide a source of funds for satisfying a portion of these deferred compensation liabilities. The carrying values of assets set aside to fund deferred compensation liabilities totaled $6.3 million at June 30, 2019 and at September 30, 2018 and were comprised entirely of life insurance contracts. The carrying value of the life insurance contracts is based on the cash surrender value of the policies. Changes in the carrying value of the deferred compensation liability, and changes in the carrying value of the assets held in the rabbi trust are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 8 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The valuation techniques required to determine fair value are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. The two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

● Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

● Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

● Level 3 - Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

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The following table presents assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on our balance sheets on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	June 30, 2019								September 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,000	$	—	$	—	$	9,000
Current derivative assets		—		2,019		—		2,019		—		1,803		—		1,803
Noncurrent derivative assets		—		314		—		314		—		314		—		314
Noncurrent investment assets		—		—		3,076		3,076		—		—		—		—
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	2,333	$	3,076	$	5,409	$	9,000	$	2,117	$	—	$	11,117
Liabilities
Current derivative liabilities		—		1,263		—		1,263		—		1,657		—		1,657
Noncurrent derivative liabilities		—		116		—		116		—		75		—		75
Contingent consideration to seller of Deltenna		—		—		2,580		2,580		—		—		1,081		1,081
Contingent consideration to seller of Shield		—		—		5,203		5,203		—		—		5,618		5,618
Contingent consideration to seller of TeraLogics - revenue targets		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,750		1,750
Contingent consideration to seller of H4 Global		—		—		679		679		—		—		665		665
Contingent consideration to seller of Nuvotronics		—		—		5,250		5,250		—		—		—		—
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	—	$	1,379	$	13,712	$	15,091	$	—	$	1,732	$	9,114	$	10,846

The fair value of certain of our cash equivalents are based upon quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. The fair value of our other cash equivalents is based upon a discounted cash flow model and approximate cost. Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value, the material portions of which are based on active or inactive markets for identical or similar instruments or model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable. Where model-derived valuations are appropriate, we use the applicable credit spread as the discount rate. Credit risk related to derivative financial instruments is considered minimal and is managed by requiring high credit standards for counterparties and through periodic settlements of positions.

The fair value of contingent consideration liabilities to the sellers of businesses that we have acquired are revalued to their fair value each period and any increase or decrease is recorded into selling, general and administrative expense. Any changes in the assumed timing and amount of the probability of payment scenarios could impact the fair value.

At June 30, 2019, we have the following remaining contingent consideration arrangements with the sellers of companies which we acquired:

● H4 Global: Payments of up to $3.0 million of contingent consideration based upon the value of contracts entered into over the five-year period ending September 30, 2020.

● Deltenna: Payments of up to $7.1 million of contingent consideration if Deltenna meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022.

● Shield: Payments of up to $10.0 million of contingent consideration if Shield meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through July 31, 2025.

● Nuvotronics: Payments of up to $8.0 million of contingent consideration if Nuvotronics meets certain gross profit goals for the 12-month periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021.

In addition, we have a contingent consideration arrangement with the Purchaser of our CGD Services business under which we are eligible to receive a cash payment of $3.0 million if the Purchaser is awarded certain government contracts in the future.

The fair value of Deltenna contingent consideration was valued using the real option approach. Under this approach, each payment was modeled using long digital options written on the underlying revenue metric. The strike price for each

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option is the respective revenue as specified in the related agreement, and the spot price is calibrated to the revenue forecast by calculating the present value of the corresponding projected revenues using a risk-adjusted discount rate. The volatility for the underlying revenue metrics was based upon analysis of comparable guideline public companies and was 37% as of June 30, 2019 and 53% as of September 30, 2018. The selected discount rate was 11% as of June 30, 2019 and 11.5% as of September 30, 2018.

The maximum remaining payout to the sellers of H4 Global is $3.0 million at June 30, 2019, and is based upon the value of contracts entered into over the five-year period ending September 30, 2020. The fair value of the H4 Global contingent consideration was estimated using a probability weighted approach. Subject to the terms and conditions of the H4 Global purchase agreement, contingent consideration will be paid over a five-year term that commenced on October 1, 2015 and ends on September 30, 2020. The payments will be calculated based on the award of certain contracts during the specified period. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined by applying probabilities to different scenarios and summing the present value of any future payments.

The fair value of the Shield contingent consideration was estimated based on Monte Carlo simulations. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $10.0 million if Shield meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through July 31, 2025. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined based upon a probability distribution of values based on 1,000,000 simulation trials. Key inputs for the simulation include projected revenues, assumed discount rates for projected revenues and cash flows, and volatility. The volatility and revenue risk adjustment factors were determined based on analysis of publicly traded comparable companies and as of June 30, 2019 were 26.0% and 17.4%, respectively, and as of September 30, 2018 were 20.0% and 14.5%, respectively. The discount rate used was based on our expected borrowing rate under our financing arrangements, which was determined to be 4.1% at June 30, 2019 and 3.9% at September 30, 2018.

The fair value of the Nuvotronics contingent consideration was estimated based on Monte Carlo simulations. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $8.0 million if Nuvotronics meets certain gross profit goals for the 12- month periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined based upon a probability distribution of values based on 1,000,000 simulation trials. Key inputs for the simulation include projected gross profits, assumed discount rates for projected gross profits, and gross profit volatility. The volatility factor used as of June 30, 2019 was 12.9% and was determined based on analysis of publicly traded comparable companies. The discount rate used as of June 30, 2019 was 7.3%, which was based on our risk-free rate of return adjusted for our gross profit required risk premium.

The inputs to each of the contingent consideration fair value models include significant unobservable inputs and therefore represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition dates and each subsequent period. Accordingly, changes in the assumptions described above can materially impact the amount of contingent consideration expense we record in any period.

As of June 30, 2019, the following table summarizes the change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration liabilities (in thousands):

	H4 Global		TeraLogics (Revenue Targets)		Deltenna		Shield		Nuvotronics		Total
Net balances at September 30, 2018	$	665	$	1,750	$	1,081	$	5,618	$	—	$	9,114
Initial measurement recognized at acquisition		—		—		—		—		4,900		4,900
Cash paid to seller		(385)		(1,750)		—		—		—		(2,135)
Total remeasurement loss recognized in earnings		399		—		1,499		(415)		350		1,833
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	679	$	—	$	2,580	$	5,203	$	5,250	$	13,712

We carry certain financial instruments, including accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable and accrued liabilities at cost, which we believe approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2019, we invested $3.1 million in a limited partnership investment fund that invests in mid-sized, privately owned companies in the military, commercial, or disruptive technology sectors. We have a maximum additional commitment to this fund of $6.9 million. As the fund holds investments in privately held companies with no

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quoted market prices in active markets, significant unobservable inputs are used to value our investment and therefore represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

As of June 30, 2019, the following table summarizes the change in fair value of our Level 3 investment assets (in thousands):

	Investment
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	—
Cash paid for initial investment		3,076
Total remeasurement gain/(loss) recognized in earnings		—
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	3,076

The fair value of long-term debt is calculated by discounting the value of the note based on market interest rates for similar debt instruments, which is a Level 2 technique. The following table presents the estimated fair value and carrying value of our long-term debt (in millions):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Fair value	$	202.9	$	193.7
Carrying value	$	200.0	$	200.0

We did not have any significant non-financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 or 2018 other than assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions described in Note 3 and the restricted stock units that were granted during fiscal 2019 that contain performance and market-based vesting criteria described in Note 11.

Note 9 — Financing Arrangements

In December 2018, we completed an underwritten public offering of 3,795,000 shares of our common stock, including the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. All shares were offered by us at a price to the public of $60.00 per share. Net proceeds were $215.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $11.9 million. We used the net proceeds to repay a portion of our outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit agreement which was used to finance the acquisition of Trafficware and for general corporate purposes.

In March 2013, we entered into a note purchase and private shelf agreement pursuant to which we issued $100.0 million of senior unsecured notes, bearing interest at a rate of 3.35% and maturing on March 12, 2025. Pursuant to the agreement, on July 17, 2015, we issued an additional $25.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing interest at a rate of 3.70% and maturing on March 12, 2025. Interest payments on the notes issued in 2013 and 2015 are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2021 through 2025. On February 2, 2016, we revised the note purchase agreement and we issued an additional $75.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing interest at 3.93% and maturing on March 12, 2026. Interest payments on these notes are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2020 through 2026. At the time of the issuance of this last series of notes, certain terms and conditions of the note purchase and private shelf agreement were revised in coordination with the revision and expansion of the revolving credit agreement as discussed below in order to increase our leverage capacity. The agreement pertaining to the aforementioned notes also contains a provision that the coupon rate would increase by a further 0.50% should the company’s leverage ratio exceed a certain level.

We have a committed revolving credit agreement with a group of financial institutions in the amount of $800.0 million which is scheduled to expire in April 2024 (Revolving Credit Agreement). Borrowings under this agreement bear a variable rate of interest which is calculated based upon the U.S. Dollar Libor rate plus a contractually defined credit spread that is based upon the tenor of the specific borrowing. At June 30, 2019, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement was 4.02%. Debt issuance and modification costs of $1.9 million were incurred in connection with an April 2019 amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement. Costs incurred in connection with the establishment of and amendments to this credit agreement are recorded in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the stated term of the Revolving Credit Agreement. At June 30, 2019, our total debt issuance costs have an

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unamortized deferred financing balance of $3.4 million. The available line of credit is reduced by any letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2019, there were $231.0 million of borrowings under this agreement and there were letters of credit outstanding totaling $34.7 million, which reduce the available line of credit to $534.3 million. The $34.7 million of letters of credit includes both financial letters of credit and performance guarantees.

As of June 30, 2019, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding totaling $42.7 million, which includes the $34.7 million of letters of credit on the Revolving Credit Agreement above and $8.0 million of letters of credit issued under other facilities. The total of $42.7 million of letters of credit and bank guarantees includes $37.2 million that guarantees either our performance or customer advances under certain contracts and financial letters of credit of $5.5 million which primarily guarantee our payment of certain self-insured liabilities. We have never had a drawing on a letter of credit instrument, nor are any anticipated; therefore, we estimate the fair value of these instruments to be zero.

We have entered into a short-term borrowing arrangement in the United Kingdom in the amount of £20.0 million British pounds (equivalent to approximately $25.4 million at June 30, 2019) to help meet the short-term working capital requirements of our subsidiary. At June 30, 2019, no amounts were outstanding under this borrowing arrangement.

We maintain a cash account with a bank in the United Kingdom for which the funds are restricted as to use. The account is required to secure the customer’s interest in cash deposited in the account to fund our activities related to our performance under a fare collection services contract in the United Kingdom. The balance in the account as of June 30, 2019 was $17.1 million and is classified as restricted cash in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The terms of certain of our lending and credit agreements include provisions that require and/or limit, among other financial ratios and measurements, the permitted levels of debt, coverage of cash interest expense, and under certain circumstances, payments of dividends or other distributions to shareholders. As of June 30, 2019, these agreements have no restrictions on distributions to shareholders, subject to certain tests in these agreements.

Our self-insurance arrangements are limited to certain workers’ compensation plans, automobile liability and product liability claims. Under these arrangements, we self-insure only up to the amount of a specified deductible for each claim. Self-insurance liabilities included in accrued compensation and other current liabilities on the balance sheet amounted to $7.6 million at June 30, 2019 and $8.6 million at September 30, 2018.

Note 10 — Pension Plans

The components of net periodic pension cost (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Service cost	$	150	$	153	$	449	$	459
Interest cost		1,915		1,891		5,746		5,672
Expected return on plan assets		(3,020)		(3,549)		(9,063)		(10,644)
Amortization of actuarial loss		530		700		1,592		2,098
Administrative expenses		97		108		291		328
Net pension cost (benefit)	$	(328)	$	(697)	$	(985)	$	(2,087)

Note 11 - Stockholders’ Equity

Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan

Under our long-term equity incentive program we have provided participants with three general categories of grant awards: RSUs with time-based vesting, RSUs with performance-based vesting, and RSUs with performance and market-based vesting.

Each RSU with time-based vesting or performance-based vesting represents a contingent right to receive one share of our common stock. Each RSU with performance and market-based vesting represents a contingent right to receive up to 1.25 shares of our common stock. Dividend equivalent rights accrue with respect to the RSUs as dividends are paid on

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our common stock and vest proportionately with the RSUs to which they relate. Vested shares are delivered to the recipient following each vesting date.

The RSUs granted with time-based vesting generally vest in four equal installments on each of the four October 1 dates following the grant date, subject to the recipient’s continued service through such vesting date.

The performance-based RSUs granted to participants vest over three-year performance periods based on Cubic’s achievement of performance goals established by the Compensation Committee over the performance periods, subject to the recipient’s continued service through the end of the respective performance periods. For the performance-based RSUs granted prior to September 30, 2018, the vesting is contingent upon Cubic meeting vesting criteria over the performance period, including revenue growth targets, earnings growth targets, and return on equity targets. The level at which Cubic performs against scalable targets over the performance periods will determine the percentage of the RSUs that will ultimately vest.

In fiscal 2019, the Compensation Committee granted RSUs with performance and market-based vesting criteria. The performance and market-based RSUs granted to participants vest over three-year performance periods based on Cubic’s achievement of revenue growth targets and earnings growth targets subject to the recipient’s continued service through the end of the respective performance periods. The level at which Cubic performs against scalable targets over the performance periods impact the percentage of the RSUs that will ultimately vest. For these RSUs, Cubic’s relative total stock return (TSR) as compared to the Russell 2000 Index (Index) over the performance period will result in a multiplier for the number of RSUs that will vest. If the TSR performance exceeds the performance of the Index based on a scale established by the Compensation Committee, the multiplier will result in up to an additional 25% of RSUs vesting at the end of the performance period. If the TSR performance is below the performance of the Index based on a scale established by the Compensation Committee, the multiplier would result in a reduction of up to 25% of these RSUs vesting at the end of the performance period.

The grant date fair value of each RSU with time-based vesting or performance-based vesting is the fair market value of one share of our common stock at the grant date.

The grant date fair value of each RSU with performance and market-based vesting was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation method. Under this method, the prices of the Index and our common stock were simulated through the end of the performance period. The correlation matrix between our common stock and the index as well as our stock and the Index’s return volatilities were developed based upon an analysis of historical data. The following table includes the assumptions used for the valuation of the RSUs with performance and market-based vesting that were granted during fiscal 2019:

	RSUs granted during the nine months ended June 30, 2019
Date of grant	November 21, 2018	April 1, 2019
Grant date fair value	$67.40	$59.29
Performance period begins	October 1, 2018	October 1, 2018
Performance period ends	September 30, 2021	September 30, 2021
Risk-free interest rate	2.8%	2.8%
Expected volatility	34%	34%

At June 30, 2019, the total number of unvested RSUs that are ultimately expected to vest, after consideration of expected forfeitures and estimated vesting of performance-based RSUs, is 353,979 RSUs with time-based vesting, 112,070 RSUs with performance-based vesting, and 168,664 RSUs with performance and market-based vesting.

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The following table summarizes our RSU activity:

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Service-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	366,460	$	52.31
Granted	232,667		62.50
Vested	(143,513)		50.73
Forfeited	(34,744)		54.80
Unvested at June 30, 2019	420,870	$	58.28

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Performance-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	635,628	$	50.11
Granted	—		—
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(320,753)		44.63
Unvested at June 30, 2019	314,875	$	55.68

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Performance and Market-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	—	$	—
Granted	237,616		66.79
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(10,214)		67.40
Unvested at June 30, 2019	227,402	$	66.77

We recorded non-cash compensation expense related to stock-based awards as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of sales	$	498	$	357	$	1,236	$	729
Selling, general and administrative		3,904		2,246		9,524		4,371
	$	4,402	$	2,603	$	10,760	$	5,100

As of June 30, 2019, there was $44.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs. Based upon the expected forfeitures and the expected vesting of performance-based RSUs, the aggregate fair value of RSUs expected to ultimately vest is $37.6 million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

We estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods on a cumulative basis in the period the estimated forfeiture rate changes for all stock-based awards when significant events occur. We consider our historical experience with employee turnover as the basis to arrive at our estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate was estimated to be 12.5% per year as of June 30, 2019. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from what we have estimated, compensation expense related to these awards will be different from our expectations.

Note 12 – Income Taxes

U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act. Due to the complexity of the Tax Act, the SEC issued guidance in SAB 118 which clarified the accounting for income taxes under ASC 740 if certain information was not yet available, prepared or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effects of the Tax Act.

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SAB 118 provided for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment of the Tax Act, during which time the required analyses and accounting must be completed. During fiscal year 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the income tax effects of the changes in tax law and tax rates, as reasonable estimates were determined by management during this period.

The SAB 118 measurement period ended on December 22, 2018. Although we no longer consider these amounts to be provisional, the determination of the Tax Act’s income tax effects may change following future legislation or further interpretation of the Tax Act based on the publication of recently proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and guidance from the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities.

The Tax Act includes provisions for Global Intangible Low-Tax Income (GILTI) under which taxes on foreign income are imposed on the excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign subsidiaries. Consistent with accounting guidance, we have elected to account for the tax on GILTI as a period cost and thus have not adjusted any net deferred tax assets of our foreign subsidiaries in connection with the Tax Act.

Effective Tax Rate

During interim periods, we generally utilize the estimated annual effective tax rate method which involves the use of forecasted information. Under this method, the provision is calculated by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pre-tax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. For the nine-month period ended June 30, 2019, we believe it is more appropriate to use a blend of the discrete effective tax rate method and the estimated annual effective tax rate method to calculate income tax expense for the period. Since income from U.S. operations fluctuates throughout the year, we determined the discrete tax rate method should be utilized to determine a more reliable estimate of U.S. income tax expense for the period.

The income tax expense recognized on pre-tax income from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in an effective tax rate of 5%, which differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the change in U.S. valuation allowance related to tax attributes projected to be utilized. The income tax benefit recognized on pre-tax income from continuing operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in an effective tax rate of negative 166% which differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the jurisdictional mix of pre-tax income (loss) and discrete tax benefits related to the release of a portion of the existing U.S. deferred tax valuation allowance due to deferred tax liabilities acquired in business combinations. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 differs from the effective tax rate of negative 38% and 48% for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and the year ended September 30, 2018, respectively, primarily due to differences in the jurisdictional mix of pre-tax income (loss), partially offset by discrete benefits resulting from the enactment of the Tax Act and by discrete benefits recorded related to the release of a portion of the existing U.S. deferred tax valuation allowance due to deferred tax liabilities acquired in business combinations.

Deferred Tax Balances

As of June 30, 2019, we maintained a valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets as realization of such assets does not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold required under accounting guidelines. We will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets by evaluating positive and negative evidence that may exist. Through June 30, 2019, a total valuation allowance of $61.9 million has been established for U.S. net deferred tax assets, certain foreign operating losses and other foreign assets.

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Note 13 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

In order to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest and foreign currency exchange rates we utilize derivative financial instruments such as forward starting swaps and foreign currency forwards for periods typically up to three years. We do not use any derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

All derivatives are recorded at fair value, however, the classification of gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair values of derivatives are dependent on the intended use of the derivative and its resulting designation. If a derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, then a change in the fair value of the derivative is offset against the change in the fair value of the underlying hedged item and only the ineffective portion of the hedge, if any, is recognized in earnings. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, then the effective portion of a change in the fair value of the derivative is recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the underlying hedged item is recognized in earnings, or the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring. If a derivative does not qualify as a highly effective hedge, any change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings. We formally document all hedging relationships for all derivative hedges and the underlying hedged items, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. We classify the fair value of all derivative contracts as current or noncurrent assets or liabilities, depending on the realized and unrealized gain or loss position of the hedged contract at the balance sheet date, and the timing of future cash flows. The cash flows from derivatives treated as hedges are classified in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same category as the item being hedged.

The following table shows the notional principal amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Notional Principal
	June 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Instruments designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign currency forwards	$	157,196	$	169,406
Instruments not designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign currency forwards	$	16,957	$	27,909

Included in the amounts not designated as accounting hedges at June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 were foreign currency forwards with notional principal amounts of $7.6 million and $14.7 million, respectively, that have been designed to manage exposure to foreign currency exchange risks, and for which the gains or losses of the changes in fair value of the forwards has approximately offset an equal and opposite amount of gains or losses related to the foreign currency exposure. Unrealized losses of $0.2 million and unrealized gain of $0.3 million were recognized in other income (expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to these foreign currency forward contracts not designated as accounting hedges. Unrealized losses of $0.3 million and $0.1 million were recognized in other income (expense), net for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to foreign currency forwards not designated as accounting hedges.

The notional principal amounts for outstanding derivative instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding and do not represent the amount of our exposure to credit or market loss. Credit risk represents our gross exposure to potential accounting loss on derivative instruments that are outstanding or unsettled if all counterparties failed to perform according to the terms of the contract, based on then-current interest or currency exchange rates at each respective date. Our exposure to credit loss and market risk will vary over time as a function of interest and currency exchange rates. The amount of credit risk from derivative instruments and hedging activities was not material for the periods ended June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Although the table above reflects the notional principal amounts of our foreign exchange instruments, it does not reflect the gains or losses associated with the exposures and transactions that the foreign exchange instruments are intended to hedge. The amounts ultimately realized upon settlement of these financial instruments, together with the gains and losses on the underlying exposures, will depend on actual market conditions during the remaining life of the instruments.

We generally enter into master netting arrangements, which reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. We present our derivative assets and derivative liabilities at their gross fair values. We did not have any derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that would require us to post collateral as of June 30, 2019 or September 30, 2018.

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The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments that qualify for hedge accounting as well as their classification in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

		Fair Value
	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Asset derivatives:
Foreign currency forwards	Other current assets	$	2,019	$	1,803
Foreign currency forwards	Other assets		314		314
		$	2,333	$	2,117
Liability derivatives:
Foreign currency forwards	Other current liabilities	$	1,263	$	1,657
Foreign currency forwards	Other long-term liabilities		116		75
Total		$	1,379	$	1,732

The tables below present gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, as well as the amount of gains and losses reclassified into earnings (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended
	June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
			Gains (losses)				Gains (losses)
	Gains (losses)		reclassified into				reclassified into
	recognized in		earnings -		Gains (losses)		earnings -
Derivative Type	OCI		Effective Portion		recognized in OCI		Effective Portion
Foreign currency forwards	$	(134)	$	466	$	163	$	(1,468)
	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
			Gains (losses)				Gains (losses)
	Gains (losses)		reclassified into				reclassified into
	recognized in		earnings -		Gains (losses)		earnings -
Derivative Type	OCI		Effective Portion		recognized in OCI		Effective Portion
Foreign currency forwards	$	661	$	94	$	(848)	$	(670)

The amount of unrealized gains and losses from derivative instruments and hedging activities classified as not highly effective did not have a material impact on the results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The amount of estimated unrealized net gains from cash flow hedges which are expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months is $0.6 million, net of income taxes.

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Note 14 — Segment Information

We define our operating segments and reportable segments based on the way our chief executive officer, who we have concluded is our chief operating decision maker, manages our operations for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance and we continually reassess our operating segment and reportable segment designation based upon these criteria. We evaluate performance and allocate resources based on total segment operating income or loss. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Intersegment sales and transfers are immaterial and are eliminated in consolidation.

Our reportable segments are business units that offer different products and services. Operating results for each segment are reported separately to senior corporate management to make decisions as to the allocation of corporate resources and to assess performance.

Business segment financial data is as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	212.7	$	164.6	$	595.2	$	478.1
Cubic Mission Solutions		95.0		42.7		203.3		111.9
Cubic Global Defense		75.0		88.9		226.8		233.2
Total sales	$	382.7	$	296.2	$	1,025.3	$	823.2
Operating income (loss):
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	17.2	$	18.6	$	37.0	$	42.7
Cubic Mission Solutions		1.3		(0.5)		(12.1)		(17.2)
Cubic Global Defense		1.9		6.9		10.0		13.6
Unallocated corporate expenses		14.3		(14.7)		(7.3)		(42.4)
Total operating income (loss)	$	34.7	$	10.3	$	27.6	$	(3.3)
Depreciation and amortization:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	6.9	$	2.8	$	24.1	$	9.1
Cubic Mission Solutions		6.0		4.7		17.2		15.8
Cubic Global Defense		1.7		2.0		5.4		6.1
Corporate		0.7		1.1		2.2		3.1
Total depreciation and amortization	$	15.3	$	10.6	$	48.9	$	34.1

Unallocated corporate expenses in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 include gains totaling $32.6 million on the sales of land and buildings in San Diego, California and Orlando, Florida. Unallocated corporate expenses include costs of strategic and information technology (IT) system resource planning as part of our One Cubic Initiatives, which totaled $2.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to $5.0 million in the third quarter of last year and $6.3 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $18.8 million in the first nine months of last year. As described in Note 3, the operating results of CGD Services have been classified as discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented.

Disaggregation of Total Net Sales: We disaggregate our sales from contracts with customers by end customer, contract type, deliverable type and revenue recognition method for each of our segments, as we believe these factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows.

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Sales by Geographic Region (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
United States	$	128.9	$	94.0	$	31.6	$	254.5	$	327.3	$	200.1	$	101.3	$	628.7
United Kingdom		47.5		0.2		7.7		55.4		151.6		1.3		16.3		169.2
Australia		30.9		0.3		8.1		39.3		91.1		0.5		20.7		112.3
Far East/Middle East		0.7		0.1		15.2		16.0		8.5		0.7		45.8		55.0
Other		4.7		0.4		12.4		17.5		16.7		0.7		42.7		60.1
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by End Customer: We are the prime contractor for the vast majority of our sales. The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by end customer (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Municipalities	$	123.1	$	91.8	$	37.4	$	252.3	$	310.7	$	195.6	$	107.3	$	613.6
Other		89.6		3.2		37.6		130.4		284.5		7.7		119.5		411.7
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by Contract Type: Substantially all of our contracts are fixed-price type contracts. Sales included in Other contract types represent cost plus and time and material type contracts.

On a fixed-price type contract, we agree to perform the contractual statement of work for a predetermined sales price. On a cost-plus type contract, we are paid our allowable incurred costs plus a profit which can be fixed or variable depending on the contract’s fee arrangement up to predetermined funding levels determined by the customer. On a time-and-material type contract, we are paid on the basis of direct labor hours expended at specified fixed-price hourly rates (that include wages, overhead, allowable general and administrative expenses and profit) and materials at cost. The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by contract type (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Fixed Price	$	210.5	$	93.2	$	69.5	$	373.2	$	586.3	$	199.6	$	209.4	$	995.3
Other		2.2		1.8		5.5		9.5		8.9		3.7		17.4		30.0
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by Deliverable Type: The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by the type of deliverable, which is determined by us at the performance obligation level (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Product	$	122.8	$	87.3	$	45.8	$	255.9	$	328.7	$	183.9	$	148.3	$	660.9
Service		89.9		7.7		29.2		126.8		266.5		19.4		78.5		364.4
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

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Revenue Recognition Method: The table below presents total net sales disaggregated based on the revenue recognition method applied (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Point in Time	$	29.7	$	76.0	$	1.0	$	106.7	$	68.2	$	169.2	$	2.9	$	240.3
Over Time		183.0		19.0		74.0		276.0		527.0		34.1		223.9		785.0
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Note 15 — Restructuring Costs

In 2019, we initiated projects to restructure and modify our supply chain strategy, functional responsibilities, methods, capabilities, processes and rationalize suppliers with the goal of reducing ongoing costs and increasing the efficiencies of our worldwide procurement organization. The majority of the costs associated with these restructuring activities are related to consultants that we have engaged in connection with these efforts, and such costs have been recognized by our corporate entity. The total costs of this restructuring project are expected to exceed amounts incurred to date by $2.5 million and these efforts are expected to be completed early in fiscal 2020.

Also, in 2019 our CTS and CGD segments incurred restructuring charges, consisting primarily of employee severance costs related to headcount reductions initiated to optimize our cost positions. The total costs of each of these restructuring plans initiated thus far are not expected to be significantly greater than the charges incurred to date.

Restructuring charges incurred by our business segments were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Restructuring costs:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	1.4		0.3	$	2.2	$	0.6
Cubic Mission Solutions		—		—		—		—
Cubic Global Defense		2.6		0.3		2.7		1.0
Unallocated corporate expenses		4.5		1.0		7.4		1.8
Total restructuring costs	$	8.5	$	1.6	$	12.3	$	3.4

The following table presents a rollforward of our restructuring liability as of June 30, 2019, which is included within accrued compensation and other current liabilities within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):

	Restructuring Liability		Restructuring Liability
	Employee Separation and other		Consulting Costs
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	0.7	$	0.2
Accrued costs		5.9		6.4
Cash payments		(2.8)		(6.1)
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	3.8	$	0.5

Certain restructuring costs are based upon estimates. Actual amounts paid may ultimately differ from these estimates. If additional costs are incurred or recognized amounts exceed costs, such changes in estimates will be recognized when incurred.

Note 16 — Legal Matters

In August 2019, a transit authority asserted loss of revenue due to alleged accidental undercharging of their customers for specific transactions by a fare system which we operate for them and has requested a corresponding recoupment from

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us. Although our investigation into this matter is not yet complete, we currently believe this matter will not have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. No liability for this claim has been recorded as of June 30, 2019.

We consider all other current legal matters to be ordinary proceedings incidental to our business. We believe the outcome of these proceedings will not have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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CUBIC CORPORATION

ITEM 2 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

June 30, 2019

Cubic Corporation is a technology-driven, market-leading global provider of innovative, mission-critical solutions that reduce congestion and increase operational readiness and effectiveness through increased situational understanding. Cubic designs, integrates and operates systems, products and services focused in the transportation, command, control, communication, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR), and training markets. We offer integrated payment and information systems, expeditionary communications, cloud-based computing and intelligence delivery, as well as state-of-the-art training systems and readiness solutions. We believe that we have significant transportation and defense industry expertise which, combined with our innovative technology capabilities, contributes to our leading market positions and allows us to deepen and further expand each of our business segments in key markets.

Through September 30, 2017 our principal lines of business were transportation systems and services, defense systems, and defense services. On May 31, 2018, we sold the non-Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Cubic Global Defense Services (CGD Services) business. In March 2018, all of the criteria were met for the classification of CGD Services as a discontinued operation. As a result, the operating results, assets, liabilities, and cash flows of CGD Services have been classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented and have been excluded from amounts described below. In addition, we concluded that Cubic Mission Solutions became a separate operating segment and reportable segment beginning on October 1, 2017. As a result, we now operate in three reportable business segments: Cubic Transportation Systems (CTS), Cubic Mission Solutions (CMS), and Cubic Global Defense (CGD). All of our business segments share a common mission of increasing situational awareness to create enhanced value for our customers worldwide through common technologies. Our defense customers benefit from increased readiness and effectiveness, while our transportation customers benefit from enhanced efficiency and reduced congestion.

CTS specializes in the design, development, production, installation, maintenance and operation of automated fare payment, traffic management and enforcement solutions, real-time information systems, and revenue management infrastructure and technologies for transportation agencies. As part of our turnkey solutions, CTS also provides these customers with a comprehensive suite of business process outsourcing (BPO) services and expertise, such as card and payment media management, central systems and application support, retail network management, customer call centers and financial clearing and settlement support. As transportation authorities seek to optimize their operations by outsourcing bundled systems and services, CTS has transformed itself from a provider of automated fare collection (AFC) systems into a systems integrator and services company focused on the intelligent transportation market. Advanced Traffic Solutions Inc. (Trafficware) and GRIDSMART Technologies, Inc. (GRIDSMART), which we acquired in fiscal 2019, when combined with our existing transportation capabilities, enhance our ability to offer compelling solutions to reduce urban congestion using their intelligent, data-rich intersection management technology.

CMS provides networked command, control, communication, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) capabilities for defense, intelligence, security and commercial missions. CMS’ core competencies include protected wide-band communications for space, aircraft, UAV, and terrestrial applications. It provides Rugged IoT cloud solutions, interoperability gateways, and AI/ML based C2ISR applications for video situation understanding. CMS also provides UAV systems and payloads to provide ISR-as-a-service.

CGD is a leading diversified supplier of live, virtual, constructive and game-based training solutions to the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), other U.S. government agencies and allied nations. We offer a full range of training solutions for military and security forces. Our customized systems and services accelerate combat readiness in the air, on the ground and at sea while meeting the demands of evolving operations globally.

Consolidated Overview

We adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (commonly known as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606), effective October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. In accordance with the modified retrospective transition method, the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018 are presented under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, the accounting standard in effect for periods ending prior to October 1, 2018. The

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cumulative effect of the change in accounting for periods prior to October 1, 2018 was recognized through shareholders’ equity at the date of adoption.

The table below quantifies the impact of adopting ASC 606 on net sales and operating income (loss) for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019						Nine months ended June 30, 2019
					As Reported						As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under		Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606		ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
Sales:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	201,935	$	10,737	$	212,672	$	557,234	$	37,938	$	595,172
Cubic Mission Solutions		94,352		626		94,978		202,392		914		203,306
Cubic Global Defense		71,107		3,922		75,029		194,227		32,572		226,799
Total sales	$	367,394	$	15,285	$	382,679	$	953,853	$	71,424	$	1,025,277
Operating income (loss):
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	14,489	$	2,788	$	17,277	$	29,348	$	7,700	$	37,048
Cubic Mission Solutions		1,187		43		1,230		(12,045)		(88)		(12,133)
Cubic Global Defense		1,121		807		1,928		5,248		4,750		9,998
Unallocated corporate expenses		14,290		—		14,290		(7,295)		—		(7,295)
Total operating income	$	31,087	$	3,638	$	34,725	$	15,256	$	12,362	$	27,618

All comparative amounts below include the effect of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard described and quantified above.

Sales for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 increased 29% to $382.7 million from $296.2 million in the same quarter last year, while sales for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 increased 25% from $823.2 million last year to $1,025.3 million. For the quarter, sales from CMS and CTS increased by 122% and 29%, respectively, while sales from CGD decreased by 16%. For the first nine months of fiscal 2019, sales from CMS and CTS increased by 82% and 24%, respectively, while sales from CGD decreased by 3%. Sales generated by businesses we acquired during fiscal 2019 and 2018 totaled $27.7 million and $57.4 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $2.2 million and $5.3 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively. See the segment discussions below for further analysis of segment sales. The average exchange rates between the prevailing currency in our foreign operations and the U.S. dollar had unfavorable impacts on sales of $5.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 and $18.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to the same periods last year.

Our consolidated operating income was $34.7 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to $10.3 million in the third quarter of last year. Our consolidated operating income in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 included a gain of $32.6 million recognized at our corporate entity related to the sale of real estate. The CMS operating income for the third quarter increased to $1.3 million this year compared to an operating loss of $0.5 million last year. CTS operating income decreased to $17.2 million for the third quarter compared to $18.6 million last year while CGD had operating income of $1.9 million in the third quarter compared to $6.9 million last year. The operating results of CTS and CMS were significantly impacted by the impacts of accounting for businesses acquired during fiscal 2019, as further described in the segment discussions below. On a consolidated basis, businesses we acquired during fiscal 2019 and 2018 had operating losses totaling $5.6 million and $21.0 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to operating income of $0.3 million and an operating loss of $1.9 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The operating losses of businesses acquired by Cubic included acquisition-related expenses of $2.6 million and $9.9 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and included amortization of purchased intangibles of $5.1 million and $17.0 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $0.2 million in each of the three- and month-month periods ended June 30, 2018. Excluding the gain recorded on the sale of real estate, unallocated corporate and other costs for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 were $18.6 million compared to $14.7 million in the same period last year.

Our consolidated operating income for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 was $27.6 million, including the $32.6 million gain on the sale of real estate described above, compared to an operating loss of $3.3 million for the same period last year. The operating loss for CMS decreased 30% in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to the first nine

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months of last year, while CGD operating income for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 decreased by 26% and CTS operating income decreased by 13%. Both the CMS and CTS operating results were significantly impacted by accounting for businesses acquired in fiscal 2019. See the segment discussions below for further analysis of segment operating income (loss) including the impacts of business acquisition accounting. Excluding the gain on the sale of real estate, unallocated corporate and other costs for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 were $40.1 million compared to $42.4 million in the same period last year. The average exchange rates between the prevailing currency in our foreign operations and the U.S. dollar had an unfavorable impact on our operating results of $2.2 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period last year.

Our gross margin percentage on products sales decreased to 26% in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 from 29% in the first nine months of fiscal 2018. The decrease in product sales gross margins in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 were primarily due to sales mix. Our gross margin percentage on service sales was 33% for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to 31% for the first nine months of last year. The increase in total services sales and gross margins on service sales was primarily driven by the mix of higher-margin CTS services as a percentage of total service sales.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 to $82.2 million compared to $58.3 million in the same period last year. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, SG&A expenses increased to $211.3 million compared to $183.7 million for the same period last year. As a percentage of sales, SG&A expenses were 22% and 21% for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to 20% and 22% for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The increase in SG&A expense for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to the SG&A expenses incurred by three businesses we acquired in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 including Trafficware in October 2018, GRIDSMART in January 2019, and Nuvotronics in March 2019, including the impacts of business acquisition accounting which is further described in the segment discussions below.

Company funded research and development (R&D) expenditures decreased slightly to $12.5 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to $13.9 million for the same period last year, and decreased slightly to $38.2 million for the nine-month period this year compared to $40.1 million last year. For the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 there was a slight shift in the mix of R&D expenditures between our business segments with CMS increasing its portion of our total R&D spend and CTS and CGD decreasing. In the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 CMS’ R&D expenditures were driven by the development of secure communications and ISR as a service technologies and CTS continued to make R&D investments in new transportation product development, including fare collection technologies, real-time passenger information and development of intelligent transport systems and analytic technologies. CGD’s R&D expenditures focused on next generation live, virtual and constructive training systems

Amortization of purchased intangibles for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 increased to $9.7 million from $6.2 million in the same period last year and increased to $32.7 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 as compared to $20.0 million in the first nine months last year. These increases were driven by the amortization of intangible assets from businesses acquired in the first nine months of fiscal 2019.

In line with our OneCubic strategic objective, in fiscal 2019, we have entered into agreements that will allow us to co-locate our San Diego-based employees on a single modern campus to foster innovation and collaboration across our business. We have entered contracts related to the construction and leasing of two buildings on our existing corporate campus in San Diego, California. Under these agreements, a financial institution will own the buildings, and we will lease the facilities for a term of five years commencing upon their completion. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we sold land and buildings comprising our separate CTS campus in San Diego. We have entered a lease with the buyer of this campus and CTS employees will continue to occupy this separate campus until the new buildings on our corporate campus are ready for occupancy in fiscal 2021. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we also sold land and buildings in Orlando, Florida and we are entering a lease for new space with a smaller footprint in Orlando to accommodate our employees and operations in Orlando. In connection with the sale of these real estate campuses we received total net proceeds of $44.9 million and recognized net gains on the sales totaling $32.6 million within operating income.

In the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019, we incurred $8.5 million and $12.3 million of charges related to restructuring activities, respectively, compared to $1.6 million and $3.4 million of charges incurred in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2018, respectively. The majority of the charges incurred in fiscal 2019 relate to our efforts to restructure our worldwide supply chain processes in order to reduce ongoing costs and increase organizational

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competitiveness and efficiencies. In addition, our CTS and CGD segments have incurred restructuring charges in fiscal 2019 primarily related to employee severance costs connected with headcount reductions.

Interest expense for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 was $6.1 million, compared to $2.6 million in the third quarter of last year. Interest expense for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 increased to $14.7 million, compared to $8.2 million in the first nine months of last year. The increase in interest expense was primarily caused by the increase in our average outstanding debt balances for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2018. The average outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit agreement increased during the first nine months of fiscal 2019 primarily to finance the acquisition of three businesses.

The income tax benefit recognized on pre-tax income from continuing operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in an effective tax rate of negative 166%, which differs from the effective tax rates of 48% for the year ended September 30, 2018 and negative 37.5% for the nine months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the difference in jurisdictional mix of pre-tax income (loss), and by discrete benefits resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Act) and discrete benefits related to the release of a portion of the existing U.S. deferred tax valuation allowance due to deferred tax liabilities acquired in business combinations. Through June 30, 2019, a total valuation allowance of $61.9 million has been established for U.S. net deferred tax assets, certain foreign operating losses and other foreign assets. The change in the valuation allowance does not have any impact on our consolidated operations or cash flows, nor does such an allowance preclude us from using loss carryforwards or other deferred tax assets in the future.

Our effective tax rate could be affected by, among other factors, the mix of business between U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, fluctuations in the need for a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, our ability to take advantage of available tax credits and audits of our records by taxing authorities. After considering the impact of the U.S. valuation allowance, we have determined that a reliable estimate of the annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2019 cannot be made, since relatively small changes in our projected income produce a significant variation in our effective tax rate. 

Our net income from continuing operations attributable to Cubic in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 was $24.1 million compared to $0.9 million in the third quarter last year. For the first nine months of fiscal 2019, our net income from continuing operations attributable to Cubic was $9.5 million compared to a net loss of $13.9 million last year. The increases in net income from continuing operations attributable to Cubic for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to the corresponding periods in fiscal 2018 were primarily due to the increases in operating income and the reductions in income tax expense, partially offset by increases in interest expense which are all described above. In addition, nonoperating expense in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 included unrealized losses of $7.0 million and $16.9 million, respectively, caused by the change in the fair value of an interest rate swap held by a variable interest entity (VIE) that is consolidated by Cubic. The 90 percent noncontrolling interest in the net loss of the consolidated VIE, which is comprised primarily of the VIE’s loss on its interest rate swap, is added back to our net income (loss) to arrive at net income (loss) attributable to Cubic.

Cubic Transportation Systems Segment (CTS)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in millions)
Transportation Systems Segment Sales	$	212.7	$	164.6	$	595.2	$	478.1
Transportation Systems Segment Operating Income	$	17.2	$	18.6	$	37.0	$	42.7

CTS sales increased 29% in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 to $212.7 million compared to $164.6 million last year, and increased 24% for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 to $595.2 million from $478.1 million in the same period last year, including the impact of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard described above. For the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019, sales increased in North America significantly compared to these same periods last year, while sales in the U.K and Australia decreased slightly for such periods. Sales were higher in the U.S. primarily due to revenue from system development on our customer contracts in Boston, New York, Los Angeles and the Bay Area, as well as sales from two U.S. businesses acquired in fiscal 2019, Trafficware and GRIDSMART. Sales for Trafficware and GRIDSMART totaled $23.5 million and $52.0 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The decreases in sales in the UK and Australia were primarily caused by the impact of foreign currency

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exchange rates. The average exchange rates between the prevailing currency in our foreign operations and the U.S. dollar resulted in a decrease in sales of $4.7 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 and $15.8 million for the nine-month period compared to the same periods last year, primarily due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British pound and Australian dollar.

CTS operating income decreased 8% in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 to $17.2 million compared to operating income of $18.6 million in the third quarter of last year, and decreased 13% for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 to $37.0 million from $42.7 million for the first nine months of last year. The decreases in operating income were impacted by the operating losses generated by businesses that CTS acquired during fiscal 2019, which totaled $0.3 million and $10.8 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, driven by acquisition-related expenses of $1.5 million and $6.8 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and amortization of purchased intangibles of $4.1 million and $15.1 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The average exchange rates between the prevailing currency in our foreign operations and the U.S. dollar resulted in a decrease in operating income of $0.5 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 and $2.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to the same periods last year. For the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019, operating income was higher from increased volumes of system development work in North America on the contracts noted above and for train operating companies in the U.K. These increases in operating income were partially offset by the impact of cost growth on a system development contract in Singapore.

Cubic Mission Solutions Segment (CMS)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in millions)
Cubic Mission Solutions Segment Sales	$	95.0	$	42.7	$	203.3	$	111.9
Cubic Mission Solutions Segment Operating Income (Loss)	$	1.3	$	(0.5)	$	(12.1)	$	(17.2)

CMS sales increased 122% in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 to $95.0 million compared to $42.7 million in the third quarter last year, and increased 82% for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 to $203.3 million from $111.9 million for the first nine months of last year. The increase in sales for the third quarter and first nine months of the year resulted from increased product deliveries in all of our CMS product lines, and particularly expeditionary satellite communications products and secure network products. Sales generated by businesses acquired by CMS during fiscal 2019 and 2018 totaled $3.7 million and $4.8 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $2.0 million and $5.0 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018.

CMS operating income was $1.3 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to an operating loss $0.5 million in the third quarter last year, and an operating loss of $12.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 compared to an operating loss of $17.2 million for the first nine months of last year. The improvement in operating results was primarily from increased margins earned on higher sales from expeditionary satellite communications products. The improvement was also impacted by operating losses incurred by businesses that CMS acquired during fiscal 2019 and 2018, which totaled $5.2 million and $10.3 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to operating income of $0.1 million and operating loss of $2.0 million for each of the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The operating losses of businesses acquired by CMS included acquisition-related expenses of $1.1 million and $3.1 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and included amortization of purchased intangibles of $1.0 million and $1.9 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $0.2 million in each of the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018.

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Cubic Global Defense Segment (CGD)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in millions)
Cubic Global Defense Segment Sales	$	75.0	$	88.9	$	226.8	$	233.2
Cubic Global Defense Segment Operating Income	$	1.9	$	6.9	$	10.0	$	13.6

CGD sales decreased by 16% in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 to $75.0 million compared to $88.9 million in the third quarter of last year and 3% for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 to $226.8 million from $233.2 million for the first nine months of last year. The timing of sales recognition was impacted by the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard described and quantified above. Under the new revenue recognition standard, a number of our CGD contracts, most significantly in air combat training and ground live training, for which revenue was historically recorded upon delivery of products to the customer, are now accounted for on the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition. For the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019, sales were lower from air combat training system, simulation product development contracts, and international services contracts, partially offset by higher sales from ground combat training systems. The average exchange rates between the prevailing currency in our foreign operations and the U.S. dollar resulted in a decrease in sales of $0.7 million and $2.3 million for the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods last year.

CGD operating income was $1.9 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to $6.9 million in the third quarter last year and decreased 26% for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 to $10.0 million from $13.6 million for the first nine months of last year. For the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019, operating profits were lower primarily due to decreased air combat training system and simulation product sales, and also due to restructuring charges incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 related to headcount reductions designed to optimize our cost position. The average exchange rates between the prevailing currency in our foreign operations and the U.S. dollar did not have a significant impact on CGD’s operating income for the third quarter or first nine months of fiscal 2019.

Backlog

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
	(in millions)
Total backlog
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	3,168.7	$	3,544.9
Cubic Mission Solutions		171.0		77.0
Cubic Global Defense		348.2		442.6
Total	$	3,687.9	$	4,064.5

Total backlog decreased by $376.6 million from September 30, 2018 to June 30, 2019 as sales outpaced new business orders in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. In addition, we recorded a net decrease to backlog of $104.5 million on October 1, 2018 for the impact of the adoption of ASC 606. Changes in exchange rates between the prevailing currency in our foreign operations and the U.S. dollar as of the end of the quarter decreased backlog by $36.9 million compared to September 30, 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Operating activities used cash of $82.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 primarily due to inventory builds for upcoming scheduled deliveries, the timing of customer milestone payments on certain transportation development contracts as well as payment of certain scheduled annual expenditures.

Investing activities for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 included $239.2 million of cash paid related to the acquisition of Trafficware and $87.2 million of cash paid related to the acquisition of GRIDSMART in our CTS segment, $61.5 million of cash paid related to the acquisition of Nuvotronics in our CMS segment, and $8.0 million of payments of holdback amounts made to the former owners of DTECH. We also invested $53.0 million in non-marketable equity securities including $50.0 million in Pixia, a private software company based in Herndon, Virginia. In the third quarter

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of fiscal 2019 we received net proceeds on the sale of land and buildings in San Diego, California and Orlando, Florida totaling $44.9 million.

Financing activities for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2019 included net short-term borrowings of $231.0 million, and $215.8 million of net proceeds from our underwritten public offering of 3,795,000 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $60.00 per share, which we completed in December 2018. We used the net proceeds from the offering to repay a portion of our outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit agreement, which was used to finance the acquisition of Trafficware, and the remainder for general corporate purposes. Proceeds from short-term borrowings were primarily used to finance the acquisitions of GRIDSMART and Nuvotronics. In addition, we used $3.4 million for the repurchase of common stock in connection with our stock-based compensation plan and paid dividends to shareholders of $4.2 million.

In March 2018, Cubic and John Laing, an unrelated company that specializes in contracting under public-private partnerships (P3), jointly formed Boston AFC 2.0 HoldCo. LLC (HoldCo). Also in March 2018, HoldCo created a wholly owned entity, Boston AFC 2.0 OpCo. LLC (OpCo) which entered into a contract with the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) for the financing, development, and operation of a next-generation fare payment system in Boston (the MBTA Contract). HoldCo is 90% owned by John Laing and 10% owned by Cubic. Collectively, HoldCo and OpCo are referred to as the P3 Venture. Based on our assessment under ASC 810, Consolidation, we have concluded that OpCo and HoldCo are VIEs and that we are the primary beneficiary of OpCo. Consequently, we have consolidated the financial statements of OpCo within Cubic’s consolidated financial statements. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of HoldCo, and thus we have not consolidated the financial statements of HoldCo within Cubic’s consolidated financial statements.

The MBTA Contract consists of a design and build phase of approximately three years and an operate and maintain period of approximately ten years. The design and build phase is planned to be completed in 2021 and the operate and maintain phase will span from 2021 through 2031. MBTA will make fixed payments of $558.5 million, adjusted for incremental transaction-based fees, inflation, and performance penalties, to OpCo in connection with the MBTA contract over the ten-year operate and maintain phase. All of OpCo’s contractual responsibilities regarding the design and development and the operation and maintenance of the fare system have been subcontracted to Cubic by OpCo. Cubic will receive fixed payments of $427.6 million, adjusted for incremental transaction-based fees, inflation, and performance penalties, under its subcontract with OpCo.

Upon creation of the P3 Venture, John Laing made a loan to HoldCo of $24.3 million in the form of an equity bridge loan. The loan carries a 2.5% interest rate and matures at the end of the design and build phase of the MBTA contract. Cubic issued a letter of credit for $2.7 million to HoldCo in accordance with Cubic’s equity funding responsibilities. HoldCo is able to draw on the Cubic letter of credit in certain liquidity instances, but no amounts have been drawn on this letter of credit as of June 30, 2019.

Upon creation of the P3 Venture, OpCo entered into a credit agreement with a group of financial institutions (the OpCo Credit Agreement) which includes a long-term debt facility and a revolving credit facility. The long-term debt facility allows for draws up to a maximum amount of $212.4 million; draws may only be made during the design and build phase of the MBTA Contract. The long-term debt facility, including interest and fees incurred during the design and build phase, is required to be repaid on a fixed monthly schedule over the operate and maintain phase of the MBTA Contract. The long-term debt facility bears interest at variable rates of London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 1.3% and LIBOR plus 1.55% over the design and build and operate and maintain phases of the MBTA Contract, respectively. At June 30, 2019, the outstanding balance on the long-term debt facility was $46.0 million, which is presented net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $8.8 million. The revolving credit facility allows for draws up to a maximum amount of $13.9 million and is only available to be drawn on during the operate and maintain phase of the MBTA Contract. OpCo’s debt is nonrecourse with respect to Cubic and its subsidiaries.

A change in exchange rates between foreign currencies, primarily between the Australian dollar and the U.S. dollar and between the British Pound and the U.S. dollar, resulted in a decrease of $0.2 million to our cash balance as of June 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018.

In March 2013, we entered into a note purchase and private shelf agreement pursuant to which we issued $100.0 million of senior unsecured notes, bearing interest at a rate of 3.35% and maturing in March 2025. Pursuant to the agreement, in July 2015, we issued an additional $25.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing interest at a rate of 3.70% and

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maturing in March 2025. Interest payments on the notes issued in 2013 and 2015 are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2021 through 2025. In February 2016, we revised the note purchase agreement and issued an additional $75.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing interest at 3.93% and maturing in March 2026. Interest payments on these notes are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2020 through 2026. At the time of the issuance of this last series of notes, certain terms and conditions of the note purchase and private shelf agreement were revised in coordination with the revision and expansion of the revolving credit agreement as discussed below in order to increase our leverage capacity. The agreement pertaining to the aforementioned notes also contains a provision that the coupon rate would increase by a further 0.50% should the company’s leverage ratio exceed a certain level.

We have a committed revolving credit agreement with a group of financial institutions in the amount of $800.0 million which is scheduled to expire in April 2024 (Revolving Credit Agreement). Borrowings under this agreement bear a variable rate of interest which is calculated based upon the U.S. Dollar Libor rate plus a contractually defined credit spread that is based upon the tenor of the specific borrowing. At June 30, 2019, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement was 4.02%. Debt issuance and modification costs of $1.9 million were incurred in connection with an April 2019 amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement. Costs incurred in connection with establishment of and amendments to this credit agreement are recorded in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the stated term of the Revolving Credit Agreement. At June 30, 2019, our total debt issuance costs have an unamortized deferred financing balance of $3.4 million. The available line of credit is reduced by any letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2019, there were $231.0 million of borrowings under this agreement and there were letters of credit outstanding totaling $34.7 million, which reduce the available line of credit to $534.3 million. The $34.7 million of letters of credit includes both financial letters of credit and performance guarantees.

Our Revolving Credit Agreement and note purchase and private shelf agreement each contain a number of customary covenants, including requirements for us to maintain certain interest coverage and leverage ratios and restrictions on our and certain of our subsidiaries’ abilities to, among other things, incur additional debt, create liens, consolidate or merge with any other entity, or transfer or sell substantially all of their assets, in each case subject to certain exceptions and limitations. These agreements also contain customary events of default, including, without limitation: (a) failure by Cubic to pay principal or interest on the notes when due; (b) failure by Cubic or certain of its subsidiaries to comply with the covenants in the agreements; (c) failure of the representations and warranties made by Cubic or certain of its subsidiaries to be correct in any material respect; (d) cross-defaults with other indebtedness of Cubic or certain of its subsidiaries resulting in the acceleration of the maturity thereof; (e) certain bankruptcy and insolvency events with respect to Cubic or certain of its subsidiaries; (f) failure by Cubic or certain of its subsidiaries to satisfy certain final judgments when due; and (g) a change in control of Cubic, in each case subject to certain exceptions and limitations. The occurrence of any event of default under these agreements may result in all of the indebtedness then outstanding becoming immediately due and payable.

As of June 30, 2019, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding totaling $42.7 million, which includes the $34.7 million of letters of credit on the Revolving Credit Agreement above and $8.0 million of letters of credit issued under other facilities. The total of $42.7 million of letters of credit and bank guarantees includes $37.2 million that guarantees either our performance or customer advances under certain contracts and financial letters of credit of $5.5 million which primarily guarantee our payment of certain self-insured liabilities. We have never had a drawing on a letter of credit instrument, nor are any anticipated; therefore, we estimate the fair value of these instruments to be zero.

We have entered into a short-term borrowing arrangement in the United Kingdom in the amount of £20.0 million British pounds (equivalent to approximately $25.4 million at June 30, 2019) to help meet the short-term working capital requirements of our subsidiary. At June 30, 2019, no amounts were outstanding under this borrowing arrangement.

We maintain a cash account with a bank in the United Kingdom for which the funds are restricted as to use. The account is required to secure the customer’s interest in cash deposited in the account to fund our activities related to our performance under a fare collection services contract in the United Kingdom. The balance in the account as of June 30, 2019 was $17.1 million and is classified as restricted cash in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of June 30, 2019, virtually all of the of the $89.9 million of our cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, was held by our foreign subsidiaries, primarily in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia.

55

Subsequent to enactment of the Tax Act, future repatriations of foreign earnings will generally be exempt from U.S. tax. We will continue to monitor our intentions to repatriate foreign earnings and provide applicable deferred taxes and withholding taxes that would be due upon repatriation of the undistributed foreign earnings.

Our financial condition remains strong with working capital of $165.7 million and a current ratio of 1.3 to 1 at June 30, 2019. We expect that cash on hand, cash flows from operations, and our unused lines of credit will be adequate to meet our liquidity requirements for the foreseeable future.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 1 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles that are generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate our estimates and judgments, the most critical of which are those related to revenue recognition, income taxes, valuation of goodwill, purchased intangibles, accounting for business combinations, and pension costs. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Materially different results can occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known.

Besides the estimates identified above that are considered critical, we make many other accounting estimates in preparing our financial statements and related disclosures. All estimates, whether or not deemed critical, affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates and judgments are also based on historical experience and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Materially different results can occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known, even for estimates and judgments that are not deemed critical.

Effective October 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as ASC 606), which changed the way we recognize revenue for certain contracts. See “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Revenue Recognition” within “Note 1 – Basis for Presentation” included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for changes to our critical accounting policies as a result of adopting ASC 606. Other than changes to our revenue recognition policy as a result of adopting ASC 606 there have been no significant changes to the critical accounting policies disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This report, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to the safe harbor created by such Act. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions, future events or our future financial and/or operating performance are not historical and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “predict,” “potential,” “opportunity” and similar words or phrases or the negatives of these words or phrases. These forward-looking statements involve risks, estimates, assumptions and uncertainties, including those discussed in “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018 and in “Part II - Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018, and throughout this report that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these statements. Such risks, estimates, assumptions and uncertainties include, among others:

● our dependence on U.S. and foreign government contracts;

56

● delays in approving U.S. and foreign government budgets and cuts in U.S. and foreign government defense expenditures;

● the ability of certain government agencies to unilaterally terminate or modify our contracts with them;

● the effects of sequestration on our contracts;

● our assumptions covering behavior by public transit authorities;

● our ability to successfully integrate new companies into our business and to properly assess the effects of such integration on our financial condition;

● the U.S. government’s increased emphasis on awarding contracts to small businesses, and our ability to retain existing contracts or win new contracts under competitive bidding processes;

● negative audits by the U.S. government;

● the effects of politics and economic conditions on negotiations and business dealings in the various countries in which we do business or intend to do business;

● competition and technology changes in the defense and transportation industries;

● changes in the way transit agencies pay for transit systems;

● our ability to accurately estimate the time and resources necessary to satisfy obligations under our contracts;

● the effect of adverse regulatory changes on our ability to sell products and services;

● our ability to identify, attract and retain qualified employees;

● unforeseen problems with the implementation and maintenance of our information systems;

● business disruptions due to cyber security threats, physical threats, terrorist acts, acts of nature and public health crises;

● our involvement in litigation, including litigation related to patents, proprietary rights and employee misconduct;

● our reliance on subcontractors and on a limited number of third parties to manufacture and supply our products;

● our ability to comply with our development contracts and to successfully develop, introduce and sell new products, systems and services in current and future markets;

● defects in, or a lack of adequate coverage by insurance or indemnity for, our products and systems;

● changes in U.S. and foreign tax laws, exchange rates or our economic assumptions regarding our pension plans; and

● other factors discussed elsewhere in this report.

Because the risks, estimates, assumptions and uncertainties referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. In addition, past financial and/or operating performance is not necessarily a reliable indicator of future performance and you should not use our historical performance to anticipate results or future period trends. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or

57

circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

ITEM 3 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our market risks at June 30, 2019 have not changed materially from those described under “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

ITEM 4 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2019. The evaluation was performed with the participation of senior management of each business segment and key corporate functions, and under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. Based on our evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were operating and effective as of that date.

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

We have implemented changes to our processes, systems and controls with respect to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as ASC 606). These changes included the development of policies and procedures, training, ongoing contract review requirements, internal management reports, controls related to information systems, and disclosures. There have not been any other significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

58

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In August 2019, a transit authority asserted loss of revenue due to alleged accidental undercharging of their customers for specific transactions by a fare system which we operate for them and has requested a corresponding recoupment from us. Although our investigation into this matter is not yet complete, we currently believe this matter will not have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. No liability for this claim has been recorded as of June 30, 2019.

We consider all other current legal matters to be ordinary proceedings incidental to our business. We believe the outcome of these proceedings will not have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

ITEM 1A - RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in “Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018, other than as previously disclosed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 6 - EXHIBITS

(a) The following exhibits are included herein:

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed February 19, 2019, file No. 001-08931, Exhibit 3.1.
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws. Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed November 14, 2018, file No. 001-08931, Exhibit 3.1.
10.1 †	Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 30, 2019, by and among Cubic Corporation, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as administrative agent) and the other lenders party thereto. Incorporated by reference to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, file No. 001-08931, Exhibit 10.8.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101	Financial statements from the Cubic Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

*Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

†Portions of this exhibit have been omitted.

59

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		CUBIC CORPORATION
Date	August 6, 2019	/s/ Anshooman Aga
		Anshooman Aga
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)
Date	August 6, 2019	/s/ Mark A. Harrison
		Mark A. Harrison
		Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)

60

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Bradley H. Feldmann, certify that:

1)I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cubic Corporation;

2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4)The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5)The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Bradley H. Feldmann

Bradley H. Feldmann

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: August 6, 2019

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Anshooman Aga, certify that:

1)I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cubic Corporation;

2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4)The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5)The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

a

/s/ Anshooman Aga

Anshooman Aga

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: August 6, 2019

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

The undersigned, in his capacity as an officer of Cubic Corporation (the “Registrant”) hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to such officer’s knowledge:

(1) The quarterly report of the Registrant on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2019, (the “Report”), which accompanies this certification, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

/s/ Bradley H. Feldmann

Bradley H. Feldmann

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: August 6, 2019

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

The undersigned, in his capacity as an officer of Cubic Corporation (the “Registrant”) hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to such officer’s knowledge:

(1) The quarterly report of the Registrant on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2019, (the “Report”), which accompanies this certification, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

/s/ Anshooman Aga

Anshooman Aga

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: August 6, 2019

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jul. 22, 2019
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2019
Entity File Number	001-08931
Entity Registrant Name	CUBIC CORP /DE/
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	95-1678055
Entity Address, Address Line One	9333 Balboa Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92123
City Area Code	858
Local Phone Number	277-6780
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	CUB
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		31,178,486
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Central Index Key	0000026076
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Costs and expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	82,167	58,267	211,348	183,720
Research and development	12,470	13,934	38,236	40,113
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,717	6,153	32,677	19,988
Gain on sale of fixed assets	(32,563)		(32,563)
Restructuring costs	8,505	1,631	12,254	3,382
Total costs and expenses	347,954	285,922	997,659	826,480
Operating income (loss)	34,725	10,290	27,618	(3,291)
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income	1,696	765	4,343	1,872
Interest expense	(6,132)	(2,567)	(14,695)	(8,152)
Other income (expense), net	(8,714)	(3,831)	(17,069)	(1,881)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	21,575	4,657	197	(11,452)
Income tax (benefit) provision	1,029	5,627	(305)	4,299
Income (loss) from continuing operations	20,546	(970)	502	(15,751)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	(202)	5,380	(1,541)	8,364
Net income (loss)	20,344	4,410	(1,039)	(7,387)
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE	(3,566)	(1,881)	(8,970)	(1,881)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	23,910	6,291	7,931	(5,506)
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	24,112	911	9,472	(13,870)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	(202)	5,380	(1,541)	8,364
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$ 23,910	$ 6,291	$ 7,931	$ (5,506)
Basic
Continuing operations attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.77	$ 0.03	$ 0.31	$ (0.51)
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	(0.01)	0.20	(0.05)	0.31
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	0.77	0.23	0.26	(0.20)
Diluted
Continuing operations attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	0.77	0.03	0.31	(0.51)
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	(0.01)	0.20	(0.05)	0.31
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.77	$ 0.23	0.26	(0.20)
Dividends per common share (in dollars per share)			$ 0.14	$ 0.14
Weighted average shares used in per share calculations:
Basic (in shares)	31,160	27,232	30,267	27,221
Diluted (in shares)	31,249	27,374	30,332	27,221
Products
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 255,900	$ 179,761	$ 660,897	$ 468,949
Costs and expenses:
Costs	190,434	125,536	491,856	334,202
Services
Net sales:
Net sales	126,779	116,451	364,380	354,240
Costs and expenses:
Costs	$ 77,224	$ 80,401	$ 243,851	$ 245,075

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Net income (loss)	$ 20,344	$ 4,410	$ (1,039)	$ (7,387)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation	(1,900)	(10,628)	(2,256)	(7,276)
Change in unrealized gains/losses from cash flow hedges:
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax	(483)	640	98	(123)
Adjustment for net gains/losses realized and included in net income, net of tax	69	502	331	1,101
Total change in unrealized gains/losses realized from cash flow hedges, net of tax	(414)	1,142	429	978
Total other comprehensive loss	(2,314)	(9,486)	(1,827)	(6,298)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	18,030	(5,076)	(2,866)	(13,685)
Noncontrolling interest in comprehensive loss of consolidated VIE, net of tax	(3,566)	(1,881)	(8,970)	(1,881)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Cubic, net of tax	$ 21,596	$ (3,195)	$ 6,104	$ (11,804)

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Accounts receivable:
Long-term contracts	$ 180,594	$ 393,691
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(1,745)	(1,324)
Accounts receivable - net	178,849	392,367
Contract assets	275,422
Recoverable income taxes	8,701	91
Inventories	124,297	84,199
Assets held for sale		8,177
Other current assets		43,705
Total current assets	717,847	668,147
Long-term contracts receivables		6,134
Long-term contracts financing receivables		6,134
Property, plant and equipment, net	137,004	117,546
Deferred income taxes	5,102	4,713
Goodwill	578,945	333,626
Purchased intangibles, net	175,207	73,533
Other assets	70,396
Total assets	1,814,885	1,304,883
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	231,000
Contract liabilities	62,266
Customer advances		75,941
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		118,233
Income taxes payable	1,292	8,586
Current portion of long-term debt	10,713
Total current liabilities	552,160	328,339
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock	268,965	45,008
Retained earnings	825,396	801,834
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(112,470)	(110,643)
Treasury stock at cost	(36,078)	(36,078)
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	945,813	700,121
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	19,769	24,075
Total shareholders' equity	965,582	724,196
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	1,814,885	1,304,883
Cubic Corporation Excluding VIE
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	62,522	111,834
Restricted cash	17,062	17,400
Accounts receivable:
Other current assets	40,615	43,705
Long-term contracts financing receivables	38,885
Long-term capitalized contract costs		84,924
Other assets	70,396	14,192
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	154,291	125,414
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	92,327	118,233
Long-term debt	189,103	199,793
Other long term liabilities	45,152	43,486
OpCo.
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	359	374
Restricted cash	9,967	10,000
Accounts receivable:
Other current assets	53
Long-term contracts financing receivables	90,233
Long-term capitalized contract costs		1,258
Other assets	1,266	810
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	88	165
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	183
Long-term debt	45,991	9,056
Other long term liabilities	$ 16,897	$ 13

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$ 20,344	$ 4,410	$ (1,039)	$ (7,387)
Net (income) loss from discontinued operations	202	(5,380)	1,541	(8,364)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	15,351	10,642	48,949	34,133
Share-based compensation expense	4,402	2,603	10,760	5,100
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	1,163	(6)	1,833	446
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	(32,563)		(32,563)
Gain on sale of investment in real estate				(1,474)
Deferred income taxes	(948)	(10,013)	(6,773)	(10,198)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:	(6,897)	(35,026)	(105,364)	(44,047)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS	1,054	(32,770)	(82,656)	(31,791)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		8,364		14,497
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES	1,054	(24,406)	(82,656)	(17,294)
Investing Activities:
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired			(395,854)	(9,534)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	44,891		44,891
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(13,114)	(9,334)	(35,291)	(21,120)
Proceeds from sale of investment in real estate				2,400
Purchase of non-marketable debt and equity securities	(52,997)	(222)	(52,997)	(1,472)
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS	(21,220)	(9,556)	(439,251)	(29,726)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		133,795		133,795
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(21,220)	124,239	(439,251)	104,069
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	168,000	79,700	782,500	198,820
Principal payments on short-term borrowings	(146,000)	(156,700)	(551,500)	(253,820)
Deferred financing fees	(1,854)		(1,854)
Proceeds from stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		(88)	783	710
Purchase of common stock		(31)	(3,419)	(2,355)
Dividends paid			(4,205)	(3,676)
Contingent consideration payments related to acquisitions of businesses			(820)	(656)
Proceeds from equity offering, net			215,832
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES	39,774	(50,921)	472,443	(34,779)
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(1,574)	342	(234)	(190)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	18,034	49,254	(49,698)	51,806
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period	71,876	71,129	139,608	68,577
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE PERIOD	89,910	120,383	89,910	120,383
Trafficware
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Receivable recognized in connection with the acquisition of net			1,588
Shield Aviation
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(700)		(400)
Gridsmart
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Receivable recognized in connection with the acquisition of net			442
Nuvotronics
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Liability recognized in connection with the acquisition of Nuvotronics, net			5,300
OpCo.
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	19,841	28,378	35,816	28,378
Deferred financing fees	$ (213)	$ (2,180)	$ (690)	$ (2,180)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Treasury Stock	Noncontrolling Interest in VIE	Total
Balance at Sep. 30, 2017	$ 37,850	$ 794,485	$ (106,626)	$ (36,078)
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2017						27,127
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income (loss)		(5,506)			$ (1,881)	$ (5,506)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(6,298)			$ (6,298)
Stock issued under equity incentive plans (in shares)						151
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plans, value	710
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plans (in shares)						14
Purchase of common stock, value	(2,355)
Purchase of common stock (in shares)						(53)
Stock- based compensation	5,260
Cash dividends paid		(3,676)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	41,465	785,303	(112,924)	(36,078)	(1,881)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018						27,239
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	40,079	779,012	(103,438)	(36,078)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018						27,225
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income (loss)		6,291			(1,881)	$ 6,291
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(9,486)			$ (9,486)
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plans (in shares)						19
Purchase of common stock, value	(114)
Purchase of common stock (in shares)						(5)
Stock- based compensation	1,500
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	41,465	785,303	(112,924)	(36,078)	(1,881)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018						27,239
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	45,008	801,834	(110,643)	(36,078)	24,075	$ 724,196
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018						27,255
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income (loss)		7,931			(8,970)	$ 7,931
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(1,827)			$ (1,827)
Stock issued under equity incentive plans (in shares)						144
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plans, value	783
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plans (in shares)						15
Purchase of common stock, value	(3,419)
Purchase of common stock (in shares)						(49)
Stock- based compensation	10,760
Cumulative effect of accounting standard adoption		19,834			4,655
Stock issued under equity offering, net, value	215,832
Stock issued under equity offering, net (in shares)						3,795
Cash dividends paid		(4,205)
Other	1	2			9
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	268,965	825,396	(112,470)	(36,078)	19,769	$ 965,582
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019						31,160
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	264,612	801,486	(110,156)	(36,078)	23,325
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019						31,150
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income (loss)		23,910			(3,566)	$ 23,910
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(2,314)			$ (2,314)
Stock issued under equity incentive plans (in shares)						12
Purchase of common stock (in shares)						(2)
Stock- based compensation	4,402
Other	(49)				10
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 268,965	$ 825,396	$ (112,470)	$ (36,078)	$ 19,769	$ 965,582
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019						31,160

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Cash dividends paid, per share of common stock	$ 0.14	$ 0.14

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Basis for Presentation

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Basis for Presentation

Basis for Presentation

Note 1 — Basis for Presentation

Cubic Corporation (“we”, “us”, and “Cubic”) has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending September 30, 2019. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018.

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Through September 30, 2017 our principal lines of business were fare collection and real time information systems and services, defense training and command, control, communication, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems, and defense services. On April 18, 2018, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Nova Global Supply & Services, LLC (Purchaser), an entity affiliated with GC Valiant, LP, under which we agreed to sell our Cubic Global Defense Services (CGD Services) business to the Purchaser. The sale closed on May 31, 2018. As a result of the sale, the operating results and cash flows of CGD Services have been classified as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. Refer to “Note 3 – Acquisitions and Divestitures” for additional information about the sale of CGD Services and the related discontinued operation classification. In addition, we concluded that Cubic Mission Solutions became a separate operating and reportable segment beginning on October 1, 2017. As a result, we now operate in three reportable segments: Cubic Transportation Systems (CTS), Cubic Global Defense (CGD) and Cubic Mission Solutions (CMS).

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: Effective October 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606), using the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a change in our significant accounting policy regarding revenue recognition, and resulted in changes in our accounting policies regarding contract estimates, backlog, inventory, contract assets, long-term capitalized contract costs, and contract liabilities as described below.

The cumulative effect of applying the standard was an increase of $24.5 million to shareholders' equity as of October 1, 2018. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2019 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 are presented under the legacy revenue recognition guidance under ASC 605. See Note 2 for disclosure of the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2019 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019, and the effect of changes made to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of October 1, 2018.

We generate revenue from the sale of integrated solutions such as mass transit fare collection systems, air and ground combat training systems, and products with C4ISR capabilities. A significant portion of our revenues are generated from

long-term fixed-price contracts with customers that require us to design, develop, manufacture, modify, upgrade, test and integrate complex systems according to the customer’s specifications. We also generate revenue from services we provide, such as the operation and maintenance of fare systems for mass transit customers and the support of specialized military training exercises mainly for international customers. Our contracts are primarily with the U.S. government, state and local municipalities, international government customers, and international local municipal transit agencies. We classify sales as products or services in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the attributes of the underlying contracts.

We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. For certain contracts that meet the foregoing requirements, primarily international direct commercial sale contracts, we are required to obtain certain regulatory approvals. In these cases where regulatory approval is required in addition to approval from both parties, we recognize revenue based on the likelihood of obtaining timely regulatory approvals based upon all known facts and circumstances.

To determine the proper revenue recognition method, we evaluate each contractual arrangement to identify all performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation because the promise to transfer the individual good or service is not separately identifiable from other promises within the contract and is, therefore, not distinct. These contractual arrangements either require the use of a highly specialized engineering, development and manufacturing process to provide goods according to customer specifications or represent a bundle of contracted goods and services that are integrated and together represent a combined output, which may include the delivery of multiple units.

Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, primarily (i) related to the provision of multiple goods or services or (ii) due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product lifecycle (for instance: development and engineering, production, maintenance and support). For contracts with more than one performance obligation, we allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations based upon their relative standalone selling prices. For such contracts we evaluate whether the stated selling prices for the products or services represent their standalone selling prices. In cases where a contract requires a customized good or service, our primary method used to estimate the standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach. In cases where we sell a standard product or service offering, the standalone selling price is based on an observable standalone selling price. A number of our contracts with the U.S. government, including contracts under the U.S. Department of Defense’s Foreign Military Sales program (FMS Contracts), are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and the price is typically based on estimated or actual costs plus a reasonable profit margin. As a result of these regulations, the standalone selling price of products or services in our contracts with the U.S. government and FMS Contracts are typically equal to the selling price stated in the contract. Therefore, we typically do not need to allocate (or reallocate) the transaction price to multiple performance obligations in our contracts with the U.S. government.

The majority of our sales are from performance obligations satisfied over time. Sales are recognized over time when control is continuously transferred to the customer during the contract or the contracted good does not have alternative use to us. For U.S. government contracts, the continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by contract clauses that provide for (i) progress or performance-based payments or (ii) the unilateral right of the customer to terminate the contract for its convenience, in which case we have the right to receive payment for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit for products and services that do not have alternative uses to us. Our contracts with international governments and local municipal transit agencies contain similar termination for convenience clauses, or we have a legally enforceable right to receive payment for costs incurred and a reasonable profit for products or services that do not have alternative uses to us.

For those contracts for which control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. For our design and build type contracts, we generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Contract costs include material, labor and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs, and

are generally expensed as incurred for these contracts. For contracts with the U.S. government, general and administrative costs are included in contract costs; however, for purposes of revenue measurement, general and administrative costs are not considered contract costs for any other customers.

Sales from performance obligations satisfied at a point in time are typically for standard goods and are recognized when the customer obtains control, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance. Costs of sales are recorded in the period in which revenue is recognized.

We record sales under cost-reimbursement-type contracts as we incur the costs. For cost-reimbursement type contracts with the U.S. government, the FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that will be reimbursed in establishing the contract price.

Sales under service contracts are generally recognized as services are performed or value is provided to our customers. We measure the delivery of value to our customers using a number of metrics including ridership, units of work performed, and costs incurred. We determine which metric represents the most meaningful measure of value delivery based on the nature of the underlying service activities required under each individual contract. In certain circumstances we recognize revenue based on the right to bill when such amounts correspond to the value being delivered in a billing cycle. Certain of our transportation systems service contracts contain service level penalties or bonuses, which we recognize in each period incurred or earned. These contract penalties or bonuses are generally incurred or earned on a monthly basis; however, certain contracts may be based on a quarterly or annual evaluation. Sales under service contracts that do not contain measurable units of work performed are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual service period, unless evidence suggests that the revenue is earned, or obligations fulfilled, in a different manner. Costs incurred under these service contracts are generally expensed as incurred.

Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for our long-term contracts to contain bonuses, penalties, transactional variable based fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are incurred or earned upon certain performance metrics, program milestones, transactional based activities and other similar contractual events. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

Billing timetables and payment terms on our contracts vary based on a number of factors, including the contract type. Typical payment terms under fixed-price contracts to deliver complex systems provide that the customer pays either performance-based payments based on the achievement of contract milestones or progress payments based on a percentage of costs we incur. For the majority of our service contracts, we generally bill on a monthly basis which corresponds with the satisfaction of our monthly performance obligation under these contracts. We recognize a liability for payments received in excess of revenue recognized, which is presented as a contract liability on the balance sheet. The portion of payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer from our failure to adequately complete some or all of the obligations under the contract. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are not considered to be significant financing components because they are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract. For certain of our multiple-element arrangements, the contract specifies that we will not be paid upon the delivery of certain performance obligations, but rather we will be paid when subsequent performance obligations are satisfied. Generally, in these cases we have determined that a separate financing component exists as a performance obligation under the contract. In these instances, we allocate a portion of the transaction price to this financing component. We determine the value of the embedded financing component by discounting the repayment of the financed amount over the implied repayment term using the effective interest method. This discounting methodology uses an implied interest rate which reflects the credit quality of the customer and represents an interest rate that would be similar to what we would offer the customer in a separate financing transaction. Unpaid principal and interest amounts associated with the financed performance obligation and the value of the embedded financing component are presented as long-term contracts financing receivables in our consolidated balance sheet. We recognize the allocated transaction price of the financing component as interest income over the implied financing term.

For fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts, we present revenues recognized in excess of billings as contract assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers under both contract types are classified as receivables on the balance sheet.

We only include amounts representing contract change orders, claims or other items in the contract value when we believe the rights and obligations become enforceable. Contract modifications routinely occur to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most cases, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Transaction price estimates include additional consideration for submitted contract modifications or claims when we believe there is an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be reliably estimated, and its realization is reasonably assured. Amounts representing modifications accounted for as part of the existing contract are included in the transaction price and recognized as an adjustment to sales on a cumulative catch-up basis.

In addition, we are subject to audits of incurred costs related to many of our U.S. government contracts. These audits could produce different results than we have estimated for revenue recognized on our cost-based contracts with the U.S. government; however, our experience has been that our costs are acceptable to the government.

Contract Estimates: Use of the cost-to-cost or other similar methods of revenue recognition requires us to make reasonably dependable estimates regarding the revenue and cost associated with the design, manufacture and delivery of our products and services. Revisions or adjustments to estimates of the transaction price, estimated costs at completion and estimated profit or loss of a performance obligation are often required as work progresses under a contract, as experience is gained, as facts and circumstances change and as new information is obtained, even though the scope of work required under the contract may not change. Revisions or adjustments may also be required if contract modifications occur. The impact of revisions in profit or loss estimates are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. The revisions in contract estimates, if significant, can materially affect our results of operations and cash flows, and in some cases result in liabilities to complete contracts in a loss position. The aggregate impact of net changes in contract estimates are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,054)	$	2,239	$	(1,040)	$	114
Net income (loss) from continuing operations		(1,185)		1,739		(1,100)		109
Diluted earnings per share		(0.04)		0.06		(0.04)		—

Backlog: Backlog (i.e., unfulfilled or remaining performance obligations) represents the sales we expect to recognize for our products and services for which control has not yet transferred to the customer. It comprises both funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is authorized and appropriated) and unfunded backlog. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are not included in backlog until the time the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded. For our cost-reimbursable and fixed-priced-incentive contracts, the estimated consideration we expect to receive pursuant to the terms of the contract may exceed the contractual award amount. The estimated consideration is determined at the outset of the contract and is continuously reviewed throughout the contract period. In determining the estimated consideration, we consider the risks related to the technical, schedule and cost impacts to complete the contract and an estimate of any variable consideration. Periodically, we review these risks and may increase or decrease backlog accordingly. As of June 30, 2019, our ending backlog was $3.688 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 30% of our June 30, 2019 backlog over the next 12 months and approximately 45% over the next 24 months as revenue, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Disaggregation of Revenue: See Note 14 for information regarding our sales by customer type, contract type and geographic region for each of our segments. We believe those categories best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Accounts Receivable: Receivables consist of billed amounts due from our customers. Due to the nature of our customers, we generally do not require collateral. We have limited exposure to credit risk as we have historically collected substantially all of our receivables. We generally require minimal allowance for doubtful accounts for our customers, which amounted to $1.7 million and $1.3 million as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

Inventories: We state our inventories at the lower of cost or market. We determine cost using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, which approximates current replacement cost. We value our work in process at the actual production and engineering costs incurred to date, including applicable overhead. Any inventoried costs in excess of estimated realizable value are immediately charged to cost of sales.

Contract Assets: Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The amounts may not exceed their estimated net realizable value. Contract assets are classified as current assets and, in accordance with industry practice, include amounts that may be billed and collected beyond one year due to the long-cycle nature of many of our contracts.

Long-term Capitalized Contract Costs: Through September 30, 2018, and prior to the adoption of ASC 606 long-term capitalized contract costs included costs incurred on contracts to develop and manufacture transportation systems for customers for which revenue recognition did not begin until the customers begin operating the systems. Upon adoption of ASC 606, revenue recognition and cost recognition are no longer deferred in these situations and therefore we no longer have long-term capitalized contract costs.

Contract Liabilities: Contract liabilities (formerly referred to as customer advances prior to the adoption of ASC 606) include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are classified as current liabilities based on our contract operating cycle and calculated on a contract-by-contract basis, net of revenue recognized, at the end of each reporting period.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017 the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act). Due to the complexity of the Tax Act, the SEC issued guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118 which clarified the accounting for income taxes under ASC 740 if certain information was not yet available, prepared or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provided for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment of the Tax Act, during which time the required analyses and accounting must be completed. During fiscal year 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the income tax effects of the changes in tax law and tax rates, as reasonable estimates were determined by management during this period. The SAB 118 measurement period subsequently ended on December 22, 2018. Although we no longer consider these amounts to be provisional, the determination of the Tax Act’s income tax effects may change following future legislation or further interpretation of the Tax Act based on the publication of recently proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and guidance from the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Other

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and ending amounts for the periods shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 was adopted by us beginning October 1, 2018. The application of this accounting standard update did not impact our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income or our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, but resulted in a retrospective change in the presentation of restricted cash, including the inclusion of our restricted cash balances within the beginning and ending amounts of cash and cash equivalents in our Statements of Cash Flows. In addition, changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are now reflected in our Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (a) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (b) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The ASU will be effective for us beginning October 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-02 will be adopted on a modified retrospective transition basis for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of the

application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and we have determined we will not adopt the new guidance early.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard removes the second step of the goodwill impairment test, where a determination of the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit was needed to measure the goodwill impairment. Under this updated standard, goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The guidance will be effective for us in our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. Adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have no immediate impact on our consolidated financial statements and would only have the potential to impact the amount of any goodwill impairment recorded after the adoption of the ASU. We are currently evaluating whether to adopt the guidance early.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which aims to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are intended to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To satisfy that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risk components, and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. Additionally, the amendments (1) permit hedge accounting for risk components in hedging relationships involving non-financial risk and interest rate risk; (2) change the guidance for designating fair value hedges of interest rate risk and for measuring the change in fair value of the hedged item in fair value hedges of interest rate risk; (3) continue to allow an entity to exclude option premiums and forward points from the assessment of hedge effectiveness; and (4) permit an entity to exclude the portion of the change in fair value of a currency swap that is attributable to a cross-currency basis spread from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2019 and interim periods within that year. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The amendments in this accounting standard update are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2020 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements as well as whether to adopt the new guidance early.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Defined Benefit Plan - Disclosure Framework (Topic 715), which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans. The guidance removes disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The amendments in this accounting standard update are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements as well as whether to adopt the new guidance early.

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Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

Note 2 — Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as ASC 606), which replaces numerous requirements in U.S. GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provides companies with a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers and significantly expands the disclosure requirements for revenue arrangements. The new standard, as amended, was effective for us beginning on October 1, 2018.

As discussed in Note 1, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. Results for reporting periods beginning after September 30, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported in accordance with ASC 605, the accounting standard in effect for periods ending prior to October 1, 2018.

Based on contracts in process at September 30, 2018, upon adoption of ASC 606 we recorded a net increase to shareholders’ equity of $24.5 million, which includes the acceleration of net sales of approximately $114.9 million and the related cost of sales of $90.4 million. The adjustment to shareholders’ equity primarily relates to multiple element transportation contracts that previously required the deferral of revenue and costs during the design and build phase, as the collection of all customer payments occurs during the subsequent operate and maintain phase. Under ASC 606, deferral of such revenue and costs is not required. In addition, the adjustment to shareholders’ equity is attributed to contracts previously accounted for under the units-of-delivery method, which are now recognized under ASC 606 earlier in the performance period as costs are incurred, as opposed to when the units are delivered under ASC 605. In accordance with the modified retrospective transition provisions of ASC 606, we will not recognize any of the accelerated net sales and related cost of sales through October 1, 2018 in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for any historical or future period.

We made certain presentation changes to our Consolidated Balance Sheet on October 1, 2018 to comply with ASC 606. The component of accounts receivable that consisted of unbilled contract receivables as reported under ASC 605 has been reclassified as contract assets under ASC 606, after certain adjustments described below. The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in an increase in unbilled contract receivables (referred to as contract assets under ASC 606) primarily from converting contracts previously applying the units-of-delivery method to the cost-to-cost method with a corresponding reduction in inventoried contract costs. Additionally, the adoption of ASC 606 resulted in an increase in unbilled receivables from converting multiple element transportation contracts that previously deferred all revenue and costs during the design and build phase, with a corresponding reduction in long-term capitalized contract costs. Advance payments and deferred revenue, previously primarily classified in customer advances, are now presented as contract liabilities.

The table below presents the cumulative effect of the changes made to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of October 1, 2018 due to the adoption of ASC 606 (in thousands):

			Adjustments		October 1, 2018
	September 30,		Due to		As Adjusted
	2018		ASC 606		Under ASC 606
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,834	$	—	$	111,834
Cash in consolidated VIE		374		—		374
Restricted cash		17,400		—		17,400
Restricted cash in consolidated VIE		10,000		—		10,000
Accounts receivable, net		392,367		(236,743)		155,624
Contract assets		—		272,210		272,210
Recoverable income taxes		91		—		91
Inventories		84,199		(22,511)		61,688
Assets held for sale		8,177		—		8,177
Other current assets		43,705		—		43,705
Total current assets		668,147		12,956		681,103
Long-term contracts receivables		6,134		(6,134)		—
Long-term contracts financing receivables		—		56,228		56,228
Long-term contracts financing receivables in consolidated VIE		—		38,990		38,990
Long-term capitalized contract costs		84,924		(84,924)		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs in consolidated VIE		1,258		(1,258)		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		117,546		—		117,546
Deferred income taxes		4,713		389		5,102
Goodwill		333,626		—		333,626
Purchased intangibles, net		73,533		—		73,533
Other assets		14,192		—		14,192
Other noncurrent assets in consolidated VIE		810		—		810
Total assets	$	1,304,883	$	16,247	$	1,321,130
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	—	$	—	$	—
Trade accounts payable		125,414		(3,011)		122,403
Trade accounts payable in consolidated VIE		165		—		165
Contract liabilities		—		70,127		70,127
Customer advances		75,941		(75,941)		—
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		118,233		583		118,816
Income taxes payable		8,586		—		8,586
Total current liabilities		328,339		(8,242)		320,097
Long-term debt		199,793		—		199,793
Long-term debt in consolidated VIE		9,056		—		9,056
Other long-term liabilities		43,486		—		43,486
Other long-term liabilities in consolidated VIE		13		—		13
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock		45,008		—		45,008
Retained earnings		801,834		19,834		821,668
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(110,643)		—		(110,643)
Treasury stock at cost		(36,078)		—		(36,078)
Shareholders’ equity related to Cubic		700,121		19,834		719,955
Noncontrolling interest in VIE		24,075		4,655		28,730
Total shareholders’ equity		724,196		24,489		748,685
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,304,883	$	16,247	$	1,321,130

The table below presents how the adoption of ASC 606 affected certain line items on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019						Nine months ended June 30, 2019
					As Reported						As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under		Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606		ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
Net sales:
Products	$	240,604	$	15,296	$	255,900	$	588,754	$	72,143	$	660,897
Services		126,790		(11)		126,779		365,099		(719)		364,380
		367,394		15,285		382,679		953,853		71,424		1,025,277
Costs and expenses:
Products		179,281		11,153		190,434		433,351		58,505		491,856
Services		77,224		—		77,224		243,851		—		243,851
Selling, general and administrative expenses		81,673		494		82,167		210,791		557		211,348
Research and development		12,470		—		12,470		38,236		—		38,236
Amortization of purchased intangibles		9,717		—		9,717		32,677		—		32,677
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(32,563)		—		(32,563)		(32,563)		—		(32,563)
Restructuring costs		8,505		—		8,505		12,254		—		12,254
		336,307		11,647		347,954		938,597		59,062		997,659
Operating income		31,087		3,638		34,725		15,256		12,362		27,618
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income		39		1,657		1,696		169		4,174		4,343
Interest expense		(6,132)		—		(6,132)		(14,695)		—		(14,695)
Other income (expense), net		(8,714)		—		(8,714)		(17,069)		—		(17,069)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		16,280		5,295		21,575		(16,339)		16,536		197
Income tax provision (benefit)		1,113		(84)		1,029		(467)		162		(305)
Income (loss) from continuing operations		15,167		5,379		20,546		(15,872)		16,374		502
Net loss from discontinued operations		(202)		—		(202)		(1,541)		—		(1,541)
Net income (loss)		14,965		5,379		20,344		(17,413)		16,374		(1,039)
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE		(7,074)		3,508		(3,566)		(16,940)		7,970		(8,970)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	22,039	$	1,871	$	23,910	$	(473)	$	8,404	$	7,931
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income from continuing operations		22,241		1,871		24,112		1,068		8,404		9,472
Net loss from discontinued operations		(202)		—		(202)		(1,541)		—		(1,541)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	22,039	$	1,871	$	23,910	$	(473)	$	8,404	$	7,931
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.71	$	0.06	$	0.77	$	(0.02)	$	0.28	$	0.26
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.71	$	0.06	$	0.77	$	(0.02)	$	0.28	$	0.26

The table below quantifies the impact of adopting ASC 606 on segment net sales and operating income (loss) for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019						Nine months ended June 30, 2019
					As Reported						As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under		Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606		ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
Sales:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	201,935	$	10,737	$	212,672	$	557,234	$	37,938	$	595,172
Cubic Mission Solutions		94,352		626		94,978		202,392		914		203,306
Cubic Global Defense		71,107		3,922		75,029		194,227		32,572		226,799
Total sales	$	367,394	$	15,285	$	382,679	$	953,853	$	71,424	$	1,025,277
Operating income (loss):
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	14,489	$	2,788	$	17,277	$	29,348	$	7,700	$	37,048
Cubic Mission Solutions		1,187		43		1,230		(12,045)		(88)		(12,133)
Cubic Global Defense		1,121		807		1,928		5,248		4,750		9,998
Unallocated corporate expenses		14,290		—		14,290		(7,295)		—		(7,295)
Total operating income	$	31,087	$	3,638	$	34,725	$	15,256	$	12,362	$	27,618

The table below presents how the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 affected certain line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

					As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	62,522	$	—	$	62,522
Cash in consolidated VIE		359		—		359
Restricted cash		17,062		—		17,062
Restricted cash in consolidated VIE		9,967		—		9,967
Accounts receivable, net		394,777		(215,928)		178,849
Contract assets		(5,052)		280,474		275,422
Recoverable income taxes		8,481		220		8,701
Inventories		171,247		(46,950)		124,297
Assets held for sale		—		—		—
Other current assets		40,615		—		40,615
Other current assets in consolidated VIE		53		—		53
Total current assets		700,031		17,816		717,847
Long-term contracts receivables		3,201		(3,201)		—
Long-term contracts financing receivables		—		38,885		38,885
Long-term contracts financing receivables in consolidated VIE		—		90,233		90,233
Long-term capitalized contract costs		119,331		(119,331)		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs in consolidated VIE		2,255		(2,255)		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		137,004		—		137,004
Deferred income taxes		4,867		235		5,102
Goodwill		578,945		—		578,945
Purchased intangibles, net		175,207		—		175,207
Other assets		70,396		—		70,396
Other noncurrent assets in consolidated VIE		1,266		—		1,266
Total assets	$	1,792,503	$	22,382	$	1,814,885
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	231,000	$	—	$	231,000
Trade accounts payable		156,544		(2,253)		154,291
Trade accounts payable in consolidated VIE		88		—		88
Contract liabilities		—		62,266		62,266
Customer advances		78,760		(78,760)		—
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		92,327		—		92,327
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities in consolidated VIE		183		—		183
Income taxes payable		1,026		266		1,292
Current portion of long-term debt		10,713		—		10,713
Total current liabilities		570,641		(18,481)		552,160
Long-term debt		189,103		—		189,103
Long-term debt in consolidated VIE		45,991		—		45,991
Other long-term liabilities		45,152		—		45,152
Other long-term liabilities in consolidated VIE		16,897		—		16,897
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock		268,965		—		268,965
Retained earnings		797,158		28,238		825,396
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(112,470)		—		(112,470)
Treasury stock at cost		(36,078)		—		(36,078)
Shareholders’ equity related to Cubic		917,575		28,238		945,813
Noncontrolling interest in VIE		7,144		12,625		19,769
Total shareholders’ equity		924,719		40,863		965,582
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,792,503	$	22,382	$	1,814,885

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Acquisitions and Divestitures

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Acquisitions and Divestitures

Acquisitions and Divestitures

Note 3 — Acquisitions and Divestitures

Sale of CGD Services

On April 18, 2018, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with the Purchaser, an entity affiliated with GC Valiant, LP, under which we agreed to sell our CGD Services business to the Purchaser. We concluded that the sale of the CGD Services business met all of the required conditions for discontinued operations presentation in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Consequently, in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we recognized a $6.9 million loss within discontinued operations, which was calculated as the excess of the carrying value of the net assets of CGD Services less the estimated sales price in the stock purchase agreement less estimated selling costs.

The sale closed on May 31, 2018. In accordance with the terms of the stock purchase agreement, the Purchaser agreed to pay us $135.0 million in cash upon the closing of the transaction, adjusted for the estimated working capital of CGD Services at the date of the sale compared to a working capital target. In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, we received $133.8 million in connection with the sale and we recorded a receivable from the Purchaser for the estimated amount due related to the working capital settlement. The balance of this receivable was $3.7 million at December 31, 2018. In the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we worked with the Purchaser and revised certain estimates related to the working capital settlement. In connection with the revision of these estimates, we reduced the receivable from the Purchaser by $1.3 million and recognized a loss on the sale of CGD Services in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. Certain remaining working capital settlement estimates, primarily related to the fair value of accounts receivable, have not yet been settled with the Purchaser. 

In addition to the amounts described above, we are eligible to receive an additional cash payment of $3.0 million based on the achievement of pre-determined earn-out conditions related to the award of certain government contracts. No amount has been recorded as a receivable related to the potential achievement of earn-out conditions based upon our assessment of the probability of achievement of the required conditions.

The operations and cash flows of CGD Services are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as discontinued operations through May 31, 2018, the date of the sale. The following table presents the composition of net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net sales	$	—	$	71,867	$	—	$	262,228
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		—		64,597		—		235,279
Selling, general and administrative expenses		—		3,133		—		10,676
Amortization of purchased intangibles		—		276		—		1,373
Restructuring costs		—		—		—		7
Other income		—		(2)		—		(15)
Earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes		—		3,863		—		14,908
Net (gain) loss on sale		202		(819)		1,541		6,081
Income tax (benefit) provision		—		(698)		—		463
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	(202)	$	5,380	$	(1,541)	$	8,364

Business Acquisitions

PIXIA Corp.

On June 27, 2019, we paid cash of $50.0 million to purchase 20% of the outstanding capital stock of PIXIA Corp (Pixia), a private software company based in Herndon, Virginia, which provides high performance advanced data indexing, warehousing, processing and dissemination software solutions for large volumes of imagery data within traditional or cloud-based architectures. Our purchase agreement with Pixia includes an option to purchase the remaining

80% of the capital stock, which must be exercised by December 31, 2019. We are accounting for our investment in Pixia using the equity method of accounting. As such, we recorded a $50.0 million investment in Pixia within other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, and our interest in Pixia’s operating results is recognized in other income (expense) outside of operating income on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. However, our interest in Pixia’s operating income was not significant for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.

Consolidated Business Acquisitions

Each of the following acquisitions has been treated as a business combination for accounting purposes. The results of operations of each acquired business has been included in our consolidated financial statements since the respective date of each acquisition.

Nuvotronics, Inc.

In March 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Nuvotronics, Inc. (Nuvotronics), a provider of microfabricated radio frequency (RF) products. Based in Durham, North Carolina, Nuvotronics’ patented PolyStrata technology enables the design and production of uniquely packaged RF devices, such as antennas, filters, and combiners, all of which are components in Cubic’s advanced technology product offerings. Nuvotronics is expected to provide synergies from combining its capabilities with our existing CMS business.

Nuvotronics’ sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	3.6	$	—	$	4.3	$	—
Operating loss		(3.2)		—		(4.9)		—
Net loss after taxes		(3.2)		—		(4.9)		—

Nuvotronics’ operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.6	$	—	$	0.7	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		1.1		—		2.9		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $66.8 million, which is comprised of net cash paid of $61.5 million, plus the estimated fair value of contingent consideration of $4.9 million, plus a $0.4 million estimated payable due to the sellers for the difference between the net working capital acquired and the targeted working capital amounts. The acquisition was financed primarily with proceeds from draws on our line of credit. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $8.0 million of contingent consideration if Nuvotronics meets certain gross profit goals for the 12-month periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The contingent consideration liability will be re-measured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingencies are resolved and any subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	22.7
Trade name		1.5
Backlog		1.4
Non-compete agreements		0.5
Customer relationships		0.6
Accounts receivable and contract assets		2.6
Fixed assets		2.7
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(1.8)
Deferred taxes		(3.5)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(0.6)
Net identifiable assets acquired		26.1
Goodwill		40.7
Net assets acquired	$	66.8

The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including purchased intangibles are preliminary estimates pending the finalization of our valuation analyses and the receipt of further information from the seller regarding its assets and liabilities. The estimated fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology and backlog valuations used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected period of undiscounted cash flows that will be generated by the assets, over an average useful life of nine years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of Nuvotronics with our existing CMS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products in our CMS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CMS segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Nuvotronics is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	1.2
2020		4.0
2021		3.0
2022		3.0
2023		2.9
Thereafter		12.6

GRIDSMART Technologies, Inc.

In January 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of GRIDSMART Technologies, Inc. (GRIDSMART), a provider of differentiated video tracking solutions to the Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS) market. Based in Knoxville, Tennessee, GRIDSMART specializes in video detection at the intersection utilizing advanced image processing, computer vision modeling and machine learning along with a single camera solution providing best-in-class data for optimizing the flow of people and traffic through intersections. GRIDSMART is expected to provide synergies from combining its capabilities with our existing CTS business.

GRIDSMART’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	7.7	$	—	$	14.0	$	—
Operating income (loss)		0.7		—		(1.3)		—
Net income (loss) after taxes		0.7		—		(1.3)		—

GRIDSMART’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	1.3	$	—	$	2.7	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		0.6		—		2.4		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $86.8 million, which is comprised of net cash paid of $87.2 million less a $0.4 million receivable due from the sellers for the difference between the net working capital acquired and the targeted working capital amounts. The acquisition was financed primarily with proceeds from draws on our line of credit.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	25.7
Customer relationships		3.6
Trade name		2.4
Inventory		4.3
Accounts receivable		1.7
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(2.5)
Deferred taxes		(3.9)
Other net assets acquired		0.5
Net identifiable assets acquired		31.8
Goodwill		55.0
Net assets acquired	$	86.8

The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including purchased intangibles, are preliminary estimates pending the finalization of our valuation analyses, including the filing of pre-acquisition income tax returns. The estimated fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology and backlog valuations used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected period of undiscounted cash flows that will be generated by the assets, over an average useful life of approximately eight years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of GRIDSMART with our existing CTS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products in our CTS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CTS segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of GRIDSMART is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	4.0
2020		5.3
2021		3.9
2022		3.5
2023		3.5
Thereafter		11.5

Advanced Traffic Solutions Inc.

In October 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Advanced Traffic Solutions Inc. (Trafficware), a provider of intelligent traffic solutions for the transportation industry based in Sugar Land, Texas. Trafficware provides a fully integrated suite of software, Internet of Things devices, and hardware solutions that optimize the flow of motorist and pedestrian traffic. Trafficware is expected to provide synergies from combining its capabilities with our existing CTS business.

Trafficware’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	15.8	$	—	$	38.0	$	—
Operating loss		(1.0)		—		(9.5)		—
Net loss after taxes		(1.0)		—		(9.5)		—

Trafficware’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	2.8	$	—	$	12.4	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		0.9		—		4.4		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $237.2 million. The acquisition was financed primarily with proceeds from draws on our line of credit.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	43.3
Customer relationships		21.9
Backlog		4.8
Trade name		4.6
Accounts receivable		10.4
Inventory		9.9
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(6.6)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(1.9)
Net identifiable assets acquired		86.4
Goodwill		150.8
Net assets acquired	$	237.2

The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including purchased intangibles, are preliminary estimates pending the finalization of our valuation analyses and the filing of pre-acquisition income tax returns. The estimated fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most

appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology and backlog valuations used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected period of undiscounted cash flows that will be generated by the assets, over an average useful life of seven years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of Trafficware with our existing CTS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products in our CTS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CTS segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Trafficware is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	15.3
2020		11.4
2021		11.4
2022		11.4
2023		6.4
Thereafter		18.7

Shield Aviation, Inc.

In July 2018, we acquired the assets of Shield Aviation (Shield), based in San Diego, California, a provider of autonomous aircraft systems (AAS) for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance services. The addition of Shield expands our C4ISR portfolio for our CMS segment and will provide our customers with a rapidly deployable, medium AAS that offers unique mission enabling capabilities. We already provide the data link as well as the command and control link for the Shield AAS.

Shield’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Operating loss		(2.0)		—		(4.8)		—
Net loss after taxes		(2.0)		—		(4.8)		—

Shield’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.2	$	—	$	0.6	$	—
(Gains) for changes in fair values of contingent consideration		(0.7)		—		(0.4)		—

The acquisition-date fair value of consideration is $12.8 million, which is comprised of the fair value of contingent consideration of $5.6 million, extinguishment of secured loans and warrants due from Shield of $5.2 million, cash paid of $1.3 million, plus additional consideration to be paid in the future of $0.7 million. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $10.0 million of contingent consideration if Shield meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through July 31, 2025. The contingent consideration liability will be re-measured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingencies are resolved and any subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

The acquisition of Shield was paid for with funds from existing cash resources. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	6.0
Other net assets acquired		0.3
Net identifiable assets acquired		6.3
Goodwill		6.5
Net assets acquired	$	12.8

The technology asset valuation used the excess earnings approach and is being amortized using the straight-line method over eight years, which is based on the expected period of cash flows that will be generated by the asset.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of Shield with our existing CMS business, and strengthening our capability of developing and integrating products and services in our CMS portfolio. The goodwill also includes the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill is allocated to our CMS segment and is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Shield is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	0.8
2020		0.8
2021		0.8
2022		0.8
2023		0.8
Thereafter		2.1

MotionDSP

In October 2017 we paid cash of $4.7 million to purchase 49% of the outstanding capital stock of MotionDSP, a private artificial intelligence software company based in Burlingame, California, which specializes in real-time video enhancement and computer vision analytics. On February 21, 2018, we paid net cash of $4.8 million to purchase the remaining outstanding capital stock of MotionDSP. The addition of MotionDSP enhances the capabilities in real-time video processing of our CMS business and expands our customer base in the public safety and other adjacent markets.

MotionDSP’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results since its consolidation in our financial statements were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	0.6	$	0.3	$	1.1	$	0.4
Operating loss		(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.5)		(1.0)
Net loss after taxes		(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.5)		(1.0)

MotionDSP’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.2	$	0.2	$	0.6	$	0.2
Acquisition-related expenses		—		0.1		0.2		0.7

The acquisition of MotionDSP was paid for with funds from existing cash resources. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Customer relationships	$	0.2
Technology		4.5
Trade name		0.1
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(0.3)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(0.8)
Other net liabilities assumed		(0.9)
Net identifiable assets acquired		2.8
Goodwill		6.7
Net assets acquired	$	9.5

The fair values of purchased intangibles were determined using the valuation methodology deemed to be the most appropriate for each type of asset being valued. The trade name valuation used the relief from royalty method, the customer relationships valuation used the with-and-without valuation method, and the technology valuation used the excess earnings method.

The intangible assets are being amortized using straight-line methods based on the expected cash flows from the assets, over a useful life of seven years from the date of acquisition.

The goodwill resulting from the acquisition was deemed to consist primarily of the synergies expected from combining the operations of MotionDSP with our CMS operating segment, enhancing our capabilities in real-time video processing and computer vision analytics of our CMS portfolio, as well as the value of the assembled workforce that became our employees following the close of the acquisition. The amount recorded as goodwill in connection with the acquisition of MotionDSP is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of MotionDSP is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	0.7
2020		0.7
2021		0.7
2022		0.7
2023		0.7
Thereafter		0.8

Pro forma information

The following unaudited pro forma information presents our consolidated results of operations as if Nuvotronics, GRIDSMART, Trafficware, Shield, and MotionDSP had been included in our consolidated results since October 1, 2017 (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net sales	$	382.7	$	322.4	$	1,039.6	$	891.4
Net income (loss)		24.1		(1.5)		4.9		(28.3)

The pro forma information includes adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisitions and have a continuing impact on operations including the amortization of purchased intangibles and the elimination of interest expense for the repayment of debt. No adjustments were made for transaction expenses, other items that do not reflect ongoing operations, or for operating efficiencies or synergies. The pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the consolidated financial results of our operations would have been had the acquisitions been completed on October 1, 2017, and it does not purport to project our future operating results.

Goodwill

Changes in goodwill for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows for each of our reporting units (in thousands):

	Cubic Transportation		Cubic Mission		Cubic Global
	Systems		Solutions		Defense		Total
Net balances at September 30, 2018	$	49,786	$	138,127	$	145,713	$	333,626
Acquisitions		205,778		40,709		—		246,487
Reassignment of goodwill		—		3,428		(3,428)		—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		(989)		(215)		36		(1,168)
Net balances at June 30, 2019	$	254,575	$	182,049	$	142,321	$	578,945

Goodwill represents the purchase price paid in excess of the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to an impairment test at a reporting unit level on an annual basis and when circumstances indicate that an impairment is more-likely-than-not. Circumstances that might indicate an impairment is more-likely-than-not include a significant adverse change in the business climate for one of our reporting units or a decision to dispose of a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit.

The test for goodwill impairment is a two-step process. The first step of the test is performed by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including recorded goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step is performed to measure the amount of the impairment, if any, by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill to its carrying amount. Any resulting impairment determined would be recorded in the current period.

Our most recent annual goodwill impairment test was our 2018 annual impairment test completed as of July 1, 2018. The results of our 2018 annual impairment test indicated that the estimated fair value for our CTS reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by over 100% while the estimated fair amounts of our CGD and CMS reporting units each exceeded their respective carrying amounts by over 40%. Subsequent to the effective dates of the tests for each of our reporting units, we do not believe that circumstances have occurred that indicate that an impairment for any of our reporting units is more-likely-than-not. As such, no subsequent interim impairment tests have been performed.

In July 2017, we acquired Deltenna, a wireless infrastructure company specializing in the design and delivery of radio and antenna communication solutions. The acquisition-date fair value of consideration paid for Deltenna was $5.3 million. Deltenna’s operations were included in our CGD reporting unit upon its acquisition. On April 1, 2019, we

reorganized our reporting structure to include Deltenna in our CMS reporting unit and reassigned $3.4 million of goodwill from CGD to CMS based upon its relative fair value. Since its acquisition, Deltenna’s sales, operating results, and cash flows have not been significant to our consolidated results. As such, reportable segment information has not been restated for this change in the composition of our reportable segments.

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Variable Interest Entities

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities

Note 4 – Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with ASC 810, Consolidation, we assess our partnerships and joint ventures at inception, and when there are changes in relevant factors, to determine if any meet the qualifications of a variable interest entity (VIE). We consider a partnership or joint venture a VIE if it has any of the following characteristics: (a) the total equity investment is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (either the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights, the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity or the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and/or their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, and substantially all of the entity's activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights.

We perform a qualitative assessment of each VIE to determine if we are its primary beneficiary. We conclude that we are the primary beneficiary and consolidate the VIE if we have both (a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We consider the VIE design, the contractual agreements that define the ownership structure, distribution of profits and losses, risks, responsibilities, indebtedness, voting rights and board representation of the respective parties in determining if we are the primary beneficiary. We also consider all parties that have direct or implicit variable interests when determining whether we are the primary beneficiary. As required by ASC 810, our primary beneficiary assessment is continuously performed.

In March 2018, Cubic and John Laing, an unrelated company that specializes in contracting under public-private partnerships (P3), jointly formed Boston AFC 2.0 HoldCo. LLC (HoldCo). Also in March 2018, HoldCo created a wholly owned entity, Boston AFC 2.0 OpCo. LLC (OpCo) which entered into a contract with the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) for the financing, development, and operation of a next-generation fare payment system in Boston (the MBTA Contract). HoldCo is 90% owned by John Laing and 10% owned by Cubic. Collectively, HoldCo and OpCo are referred to as the P3 Venture. Based on our assessment under ASC 810, we have concluded that OpCo and HoldCo are VIE’s and that we are the primary beneficiary of OpCo. Consequently, we have consolidated the financial statements of OpCo within Cubic’s consolidated financial statements. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of HoldCo, and thus we have not consolidated the financial statements of HoldCo within Cubic’s consolidated financial statements.

The MBTA Contract consists of a design and build phase of approximately three years and an operate and maintain phase of approximately ten years. The design and build phase is planned to be completed in 2021 and the operate and maintain phase will span from 2021 through 2031. MBTA will make fixed payments of $558.5 million, adjusted for incremental transaction-based fees, inflation, and performance penalties, to OpCo in connection with the MBTA Contract over the ten- year operate and maintain phase. All of OpCo’s contractual responsibilities regarding the design and development and the operation and maintenance of the fare system have been subcontracted to Cubic by OpCo. Cubic will receive fixed payments of $427.6 million, adjusted for incremental transaction-based fees, inflation, and performance penalties, under its subcontract with OpCo.

Upon creation of the P3 Venture, John Laing made a loan to HoldCo of $24.3 million in the form of a bridge loan that is intended to be converted to equity in the future in accordance with its equity funding responsibilities. Concurrently, HoldCo made a corresponding equity contribution to OpCo in the same amount which is included within equity of Noncontrolling interest in VIE in Cubic’s consolidated financial statements. Also, upon creation of the P3 Venture, Cubic issued a letter of credit for $2.7 million to HoldCo in accordance with Cubic’s equity funding responsibilities. HoldCo is able to draw on the Cubic letter of credit in certain liquidity instances, but no amounts have been drawn on this letter of credit as of June 30, 2019.

Upon creation of the P3 Venture, OpCo entered into a credit agreement with a group of financial institutions (the OpCo Credit Agreement) which includes a long-term debt facility and a revolving credit facility. The long-term debt facility allows for draws up to a maximum amount of $212.4 million; draws may only be made during the design and build

phase of the MBTA Contract. The long-term debt facility, including interest and fees incurred during the design and build phase, is required to be repaid on a fixed monthly schedule over the operate and maintain phase of the MBTA Contract. The long-term debt facility bears interest at variable rates of LIBOR plus 1.3% and LIBOR plus 1.55% over the design and build and operate and maintain phases of the MBTA Contract, respectively. At June 30, 2019, the outstanding balance on the long-term debt facility was $46.0 million, which is presented net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $8.8 million. The revolving credit facility allows for draws up to a maximum amount of $13.9 million and is only available to be drawn on during the operate and maintain phase of the MBTA Contract. OpCo’s debt is nonrecourse with respect to Cubic and its subsidiaries. The fair value of the long-term debt facility approximates its carrying amount.

The OpCo Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants which require that OpCo and Cubic maintain progress on the delivery of the MBTA Contract within a specified timeline and budget and provide regular reporting on such progress. The OpCo Credit Agreement also contains a number of customary events of default including, but not limited to, the delivery of a customized fare collection system to MBTA by a pre-determined date. Failure to meet such delivery date will result in OpCo, and Cubic via its subcontract with OpCo, to incur penalties due to the lenders.

OpCo has entered into pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swaps with a group of financial institutions to mitigate variable interest rate risk associated with its long-term debt. The interest rate swaps contain forward starting notional principal amounts which align with OpCo’s expected draws on its long-term debt facility. At June 30, 2019, the outstanding notional principal amounts on open interest rate swaps were $117.3 million. The fair value of OpCo’s interest rate swaps at June 30, 2019 was $16.9 million and is recorded as a liability in other long-term liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. OpCo’s interest rate swaps were not designated as effective hedges at June 30, 2019 and as such unrealized gains/losses are included in other income (expense), net. Unrealized losses as a result of changes in the fair value of OpCo’s interest rate swaps were $7.0 million and $16.9 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively. See Note 13 for a description of the measurement of fair value of derivative financial instruments, including OpCo’s interest rate swaps.

OpCo holds a restricted cash balance which is required by the MBTA Contract to allow for the delivery of future change orders and unplanned expansions as directed by MBTA.

The assets and liabilities of OpCo that are consolidated into our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 are as follows:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cash	$	359	$	374
Restricted cash		9,967		10,000
Other current assets		53		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs		—		33,818
Long-term contracts financing receivable		90,233		—
Other noncurrent assets		1,266		810
Total assets	$	101,878	$	45,002
Trade accounts payable	$	88	$	165
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		183		—
Due to Cubic		19,460		11,724
Other long-term liabilities		16,897		13
Long-term debt		45,991		9,056
Total liabilities	$	82,619	$	20,958
Total Cubic equity		(510)		(304)
Noncontrolling interests		19,769		24,348
Total liabilities and owners' equity	$	101,878	$	45,002

The assets of OpCo are restricted for its use only and are not available for the general operations of Cubic. OpCo’s debt is non-recourse to Cubic. Cubic’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its equity interest in the P3 Venture is limited

to the $2.7 million outstanding letter of credit, which will be converted to a cash contribution upon completion of the design and build phase of the MBTA Contract.

Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, Cubic and OpCo were precluded from recognizing revenue on the MBTA Contract because MBTA was not required to make payments to OpCo until the operate and maintain phase of the contract began. During this time period Cubic and OpCo were capitalizing costs associated with designing and building the system for MBTA. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, Cubic and OpCo no longer defer the recognition of revenue and costs related to the MBTA contract and therefore costs are no longer capitalized.

The revenue, operating income, and other income (expense), net of OpCo that are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	$	3,233	$	—	$	7,519	$	—
Operating income		2,823		—		6,521		—
Other income (expense), net		(7,031)		(2,090)		(16,884)		(2,090)
Interest income		1,075		—		2,335		—
Interest expense		(829)		—		(1,939)		—

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Net Income (Loss) Per Share

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Note 5 — Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share (EPS) is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Cubic for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including vested restricted stock units (RSUs).

In periods with a net income from continuing operations attributable to Cubic, diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares consist of dilutive restricted stock units. Dilutive restricted stock units are calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. For RSUs with performance-based vesting, no common equivalent shares are included in the computation of diluted EPS until the related performance criteria have been met. In periods with a net loss from continuing operations attributable to Cubic, common equivalent shares are not included in the computation of diluted EPS, because to do so would be anti-dilutive.

The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per common share were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Weighted average shares - basic		31,160		27,232		30,267		27,221
Effect of dilutive securities		89		142		65		—
Weighted average shares - diluted		31,249		27,374		30,332		27,221
Number of anti-dilutive securities		—		—		—		1,023

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Contract Assets and Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Note 6 — Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract liabilities (formerly referred to as customer advances prior to the adoption of ASC 606) include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract assets and contract liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		October 1,
	2019		2018
Contract assets	$	275,422	$	272,210
Contract liabilities	$	62,266	$	70,127

Contract assets increased $3.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2019, due to the recognition of revenue related to the satisfaction or partial satisfaction of performance obligations during the nine months ended June 30, 2019 for which we have not yet billed. There were no significant impairment losses related to our contract assets during the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

Contract liabilities decreased $7.9 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2019, due to revenue recognition in excess of payments received on these performance obligations. During the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, we recognized $12.8 million and $47.6 million, respectively, of our contract liabilities at October 1, 2018 as revenue. We expect our contract liabilities to be recognized as revenue over the next twelve months.

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Balance Sheet Details

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Balance Sheet Details

Balance Sheet Details

Note 7 — Balance Sheet Details

Accounts Receivable

The components of accounts receivable are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Accounts receivable
Billed	$	180,594	$	156,948
Unbilled		—		242,877
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,745)		(1,324)
Total accounts receivable		178,849		398,501
Less estimated amounts not currently due		—		(6,134)
Current accounts receivable	$	178,849	$	392,367

In our normal course of business, we may sell trade receivables to financial institutions as a cash management technique. We do not retain financial or legal obligations for these receivables that would result in material losses. Our ongoing involvement is limited to the remittance of customer payments to the financial institutions with respect to the sold trade receivables; therefore, our sold trade receivables are not included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in any period presented. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we sold $25.0 million of trade receivables to a financial institution that had not been collected as of June 30, 2019.

Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Finished products	$	12,745	$	7,099
Work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts		73,838		63,169
Materials and purchased parts		37,714		23,710
Customer advances		—		(9,779)
Net inventories	$	124,297	$	84,199

At June 30, 2019, work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts includes approximately $2.5 million in costs incurred outside the scope of work or in advance of a contract award compared to $0.9 million at September 30, 2018. We believe it is probable that we will recover the costs inventoried at June 30, 2019, plus a profit margin, under contract change orders or awards within the next year.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Significant components of property, plant and equipment are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Land and land improvements	$	9,611	$	13,132
Buildings and improvements		32,343		57,959
Machinery and other equipment		94,447		81,727
Software		94,821		84,631
Leasehold improvements		17,351		11,991
Construction and internal-use software development in progress		18,069		12,888
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(129,638)		(144,782)
	$	137,004	$	117,546

In fiscal 2019, we entered into agreements related to the construction and leasing of two buildings on our existing corporate campus in San Diego, California. Under these agreements, a financial institution will own the buildings, and we will lease the property for a term of five years upon their completion.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2019 we sold the land and buildings comprising our separate CTS campus in San Diego. We have entered into a lease with the buyer of this campus and CTS employees will continue to occupy this separate campus until the new buildings on our corporate campus are ready for occupancy in fiscal 2021. In the third quarter of fiscal 2019 we also sold land and buildings in Orlando, Florida and we are entering a lease for new space in Orlando to accommodate our employees and operations in Orlando. In connection with the sale of these real estate campuses we received total net proceeds of $44.9 million and recognized net gains on the sales totaling $32.6 million.

Capitalized Software

We capitalize certain costs associated with the development or purchase of internal-use software. The amounts capitalized are included in property, plant and equipment in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which ranges from three to seven years. No amortization expense is recorded until the software is ready for its intended use.

As a part of our efforts to upgrade our current information systems, early in fiscal 2015 we purchased new enterprise resource planning (ERP) software and began the process of designing and configuring this software and other software applications to manage our operations. Various components of our ERP system became ready for their intended use and were placed into service in phases from fiscal 2016 through fiscal 2018. As each component became ready for its

intended use, the component’s costs were transferred into completed software and we began amortizing these costs over their seven-year estimated useful life.

Excluding businesses that we acquired in fiscal 2019, we completed the planned implementation of our ERP system in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. We continue to capitalize costs associated with the development of certain ERP features and upgrades that are not yet ready for their intended use. We capitalized costs related to ERP components in development totaling $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $1.9 million and $6.5 million for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

In addition to software costs that were capitalized, during the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, we recognized expenses related to the development and implementation of our ERP system of $0.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively, compared to $2.8 million and $13.1 million during the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2018, respectively, for costs that did not meet the requirements for capitalization. Amounts that were expensed in connection with the development and implementation of these systems are classified within selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Deferred Compensation Plan

We have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan offered to a select group of highly compensated employees. The plan provides participants with the opportunity to defer a portion of their compensation in a given plan year. The liabilities associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan are included in other long-term liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $11.1 million at June 30, 2019 and $11.5 million at September 30, 2018.

We have made contributions to a rabbi trust to provide a source of funds for satisfying a portion of these deferred compensation liabilities. The carrying values of assets set aside to fund deferred compensation liabilities totaled $6.3 million at June 30, 2019 and at September 30, 2018 and were comprised entirely of life insurance contracts. The carrying value of the life insurance contracts is based on the cash surrender value of the policies. Changes in the carrying value of the deferred compensation liability, and changes in the carrying value of the assets held in the rabbi trust are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Note 8 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The valuation techniques required to determine fair value are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. The two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

● Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

● Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

● Level 3 - Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on our balance sheets on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	June 30, 2019								September 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,000	$	—	$	—	$	9,000
Current derivative assets		—		2,019		—		2,019		—		1,803		—		1,803
Noncurrent derivative assets		—		314		—		314		—		314		—		314
Noncurrent investment assets		—		—		3,076		3,076		—		—		—		—
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	2,333	$	3,076	$	5,409	$	9,000	$	2,117	$	—	$	11,117
Liabilities
Current derivative liabilities		—		1,263		—		1,263		—		1,657		—		1,657
Noncurrent derivative liabilities		—		116		—		116		—		75		—		75
Contingent consideration to seller of Deltenna		—		—		2,580		2,580		—		—		1,081		1,081
Contingent consideration to seller of Shield		—		—		5,203		5,203		—		—		5,618		5,618
Contingent consideration to seller of TeraLogics - revenue targets		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,750		1,750
Contingent consideration to seller of H4 Global		—		—		679		679		—		—		665		665
Contingent consideration to seller of Nuvotronics		—		—		5,250		5,250		—		—		—		—
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	—	$	1,379	$	13,712	$	15,091	$	—	$	1,732	$	9,114	$	10,846

The fair value of certain of our cash equivalents are based upon quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. The fair value of our other cash equivalents is based upon a discounted cash flow model and approximate cost. Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value, the material portions of which are based on active or inactive markets for identical or similar instruments or model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable. Where model-derived valuations are appropriate, we use the applicable credit spread as the discount rate. Credit risk related to derivative financial instruments is considered minimal and is managed by requiring high credit standards for counterparties and through periodic settlements of positions.

The fair value of contingent consideration liabilities to the sellers of businesses that we have acquired are revalued to their fair value each period and any increase or decrease is recorded into selling, general and administrative expense. Any changes in the assumed timing and amount of the probability of payment scenarios could impact the fair value.

At June 30, 2019, we have the following remaining contingent consideration arrangements with the sellers of companies which we acquired:

● H4 Global: Payments of up to $3.0 million of contingent consideration based upon the value of contracts entered into over the five-year period ending September 30, 2020.

● Deltenna: Payments of up to $7.1 million of contingent consideration if Deltenna meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022.

● Shield: Payments of up to $10.0 million of contingent consideration if Shield meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through July 31, 2025.

● Nuvotronics: Payments of up to $8.0 million of contingent consideration if Nuvotronics meets certain gross profit goals for the 12-month periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021.

In addition, we have a contingent consideration arrangement with the Purchaser of our CGD Services business under which we are eligible to receive a cash payment of $3.0 million if the Purchaser is awarded certain government contracts in the future.

The fair value of Deltenna contingent consideration was valued using the real option approach. Under this approach, each payment was modeled using long digital options written on the underlying revenue metric. The strike price for each

option is the respective revenue as specified in the related agreement, and the spot price is calibrated to the revenue forecast by calculating the present value of the corresponding projected revenues using a risk-adjusted discount rate. The volatility for the underlying revenue metrics was based upon analysis of comparable guideline public companies and was 37% as of June 30, 2019 and 53% as of September 30, 2018. The selected discount rate was 11% as of June 30, 2019 and 11.5% as of September 30, 2018.

The maximum remaining payout to the sellers of H4 Global is $3.0 million at June 30, 2019, and is based upon the value of contracts entered into over the five-year period ending September 30, 2020. The fair value of the H4 Global contingent consideration was estimated using a probability weighted approach. Subject to the terms and conditions of the H4 Global purchase agreement, contingent consideration will be paid over a five-year term that commenced on October 1, 2015 and ends on September 30, 2020. The payments will be calculated based on the award of certain contracts during the specified period. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined by applying probabilities to different scenarios and summing the present value of any future payments.

The fair value of the Shield contingent consideration was estimated based on Monte Carlo simulations. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $10.0 million if Shield meets certain sales goals from the date of acquisition through July 31, 2025. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined based upon a probability distribution of values based on 1,000,000 simulation trials. Key inputs for the simulation include projected revenues, assumed discount rates for projected revenues and cash flows, and volatility. The volatility and revenue risk adjustment factors were determined based on analysis of publicly traded comparable companies and as of June 30, 2019 were 26.0% and 17.4%, respectively, and as of September 30, 2018 were 20.0% and 14.5%, respectively. The discount rate used was based on our expected borrowing rate under our financing arrangements, which was determined to be 4.1% at June 30, 2019 and 3.9% at September 30, 2018.

The fair value of the Nuvotronics contingent consideration was estimated based on Monte Carlo simulations. Under the purchase agreement, we will pay the sellers up to $8.0 million if Nuvotronics meets certain gross profit goals for the 12- month periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined based upon a probability distribution of values based on 1,000,000 simulation trials. Key inputs for the simulation include projected gross profits, assumed discount rates for projected gross profits, and gross profit volatility. The volatility factor used as of June 30, 2019 was 12.9% and was determined based on analysis of publicly traded comparable companies. The discount rate used as of June 30, 2019 was 7.3%, which was based on our risk-free rate of return adjusted for our gross profit required risk premium.

The inputs to each of the contingent consideration fair value models include significant unobservable inputs and therefore represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition dates and each subsequent period. Accordingly, changes in the assumptions described above can materially impact the amount of contingent consideration expense we record in any period.

As of June 30, 2019, the following table summarizes the change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration liabilities (in thousands):

	H4 Global		TeraLogics (Revenue Targets)		Deltenna		Shield		Nuvotronics		Total
Net balances at September 30, 2018	$	665	$	1,750	$	1,081	$	5,618	$	—	$	9,114
Initial measurement recognized at acquisition		—		—		—		—		4,900		4,900
Cash paid to seller		(385)		(1,750)		—		—		—		(2,135)
Total remeasurement loss recognized in earnings		399		—		1,499		(415)		350		1,833
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	679	$	—	$	2,580	$	5,203	$	5,250	$	13,712

We carry certain financial instruments, including accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, accounts payable and accrued liabilities at cost, which we believe approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2019, we invested $3.1 million in a limited partnership investment fund that invests in mid-sized, privately owned companies in the military, commercial, or disruptive technology sectors. We have a maximum additional commitment to this fund of $6.9 million. As the fund holds investments in privately held companies with no

quoted market prices in active markets, significant unobservable inputs are used to value our investment and therefore represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

As of June 30, 2019, the following table summarizes the change in fair value of our Level 3 investment assets (in thousands):

	Investment
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	—
Cash paid for initial investment		3,076
Total remeasurement gain/(loss) recognized in earnings		—
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	3,076

The fair value of long-term debt is calculated by discounting the value of the note based on market interest rates for similar debt instruments, which is a Level 2 technique. The following table presents the estimated fair value and carrying value of our long-term debt (in millions):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Fair value	$	202.9	$	193.7
Carrying value	$	200.0	$	200.0

We did not have any significant non-financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 or 2018 other than assets and liabilities acquired in business acquisitions described in Note 3 and the restricted stock units that were granted during fiscal 2019 that contain performance and market-based vesting criteria described in Note 11.

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Financing Arrangements

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Financing Arrangements

Financing Arrangements

Note 9 — Financing Arrangements

In December 2018, we completed an underwritten public offering of 3,795,000 shares of our common stock, including the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. All shares were offered by us at a price to the public of $60.00 per share. Net proceeds were $215.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $11.9 million. We used the net proceeds to repay a portion of our outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit agreement which was used to finance the acquisition of Trafficware and for general corporate purposes.

In March 2013, we entered into a note purchase and private shelf agreement pursuant to which we issued $100.0 million of senior unsecured notes, bearing interest at a rate of 3.35% and maturing on March 12, 2025. Pursuant to the agreement, on July 17, 2015, we issued an additional $25.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing interest at a rate of 3.70% and maturing on March 12, 2025. Interest payments on the notes issued in 2013 and 2015 are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2021 through 2025. On February 2, 2016, we revised the note purchase agreement and we issued an additional $75.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing interest at 3.93% and maturing on March 12, 2026. Interest payments on these notes are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2020 through 2026. At the time of the issuance of this last series of notes, certain terms and conditions of the note purchase and private shelf agreement were revised in coordination with the revision and expansion of the revolving credit agreement as discussed below in order to increase our leverage capacity. The agreement pertaining to the aforementioned notes also contains a provision that the coupon rate would increase by a further 0.50% should the company’s leverage ratio exceed a certain level.

We have a committed revolving credit agreement with a group of financial institutions in the amount of $800.0 million which is scheduled to expire in April 2024 (Revolving Credit Agreement). Borrowings under this agreement bear a variable rate of interest which is calculated based upon the U.S. Dollar Libor rate plus a contractually defined credit spread that is based upon the tenor of the specific borrowing. At June 30, 2019, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement was 4.02%. Debt issuance and modification costs of $1.9 million were incurred in connection with an April 2019 amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement. Costs incurred in connection with the establishment of and amendments to this credit agreement are recorded in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the stated term of the Revolving Credit Agreement. At June 30, 2019, our total debt issuance costs have an

unamortized deferred financing balance of $3.4 million. The available line of credit is reduced by any letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2019, there were $231.0 million of borrowings under this agreement and there were letters of credit outstanding totaling $34.7 million, which reduce the available line of credit to $534.3 million. The $34.7 million of letters of credit includes both financial letters of credit and performance guarantees.

As of June 30, 2019, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding totaling $42.7 million, which includes the $34.7 million of letters of credit on the Revolving Credit Agreement above and $8.0 million of letters of credit issued under other facilities. The total of $42.7 million of letters of credit and bank guarantees includes $37.2 million that guarantees either our performance or customer advances under certain contracts and financial letters of credit of $5.5 million which primarily guarantee our payment of certain self-insured liabilities. We have never had a drawing on a letter of credit instrument, nor are any anticipated; therefore, we estimate the fair value of these instruments to be zero.

We have entered into a short-term borrowing arrangement in the United Kingdom in the amount of £20.0 million British pounds (equivalent to approximately $25.4 million at June 30, 2019) to help meet the short-term working capital requirements of our subsidiary. At June 30, 2019, no amounts were outstanding under this borrowing arrangement.

We maintain a cash account with a bank in the United Kingdom for which the funds are restricted as to use. The account is required to secure the customer’s interest in cash deposited in the account to fund our activities related to our performance under a fare collection services contract in the United Kingdom. The balance in the account as of June 30, 2019 was $17.1 million and is classified as restricted cash in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The terms of certain of our lending and credit agreements include provisions that require and/or limit, among other financial ratios and measurements, the permitted levels of debt, coverage of cash interest expense, and under certain circumstances, payments of dividends or other distributions to shareholders. As of June 30, 2019, these agreements have no restrictions on distributions to shareholders, subject to certain tests in these agreements.

Our self-insurance arrangements are limited to certain workers’ compensation plans, automobile liability and product liability claims. Under these arrangements, we self-insure only up to the amount of a specified deductible for each claim. Self-insurance liabilities included in accrued compensation and other current liabilities on the balance sheet amounted to $7.6 million at June 30, 2019 and $8.6 million at September 30, 2018.

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Pension Plans

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Pension Plans

Pension Plans

Note 10 — Pension Plans

The components of net periodic pension cost (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Service cost	$	150	$	153	$	449	$	459
Interest cost		1,915		1,891		5,746		5,672
Expected return on plan assets		(3,020)		(3,549)		(9,063)		(10,644)
Amortization of actuarial loss		530		700		1,592		2,098
Administrative expenses		97		108		291		328
Net pension cost (benefit)	$	(328)	$	(697)	$	(985)	$	(2,087)

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Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity

Note 11 - Stockholders’ Equity

Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan

Under our long-term equity incentive program we have provided participants with three general categories of grant awards: RSUs with time-based vesting, RSUs with performance-based vesting, and RSUs with performance and market-based vesting.

Each RSU with time-based vesting or performance-based vesting represents a contingent right to receive one share of our common stock. Each RSU with performance and market-based vesting represents a contingent right to receive up to 1.25 shares of our common stock. Dividend equivalent rights accrue with respect to the RSUs as dividends are paid on

our common stock and vest proportionately with the RSUs to which they relate. Vested shares are delivered to the recipient following each vesting date.

The RSUs granted with time-based vesting generally vest in four equal installments on each of the four October 1 dates following the grant date, subject to the recipient’s continued service through such vesting date.

The performance-based RSUs granted to participants vest over three-year performance periods based on Cubic’s achievement of performance goals established by the Compensation Committee over the performance periods, subject to the recipient’s continued service through the end of the respective performance periods. For the performance-based RSUs granted prior to September 30, 2018, the vesting is contingent upon Cubic meeting vesting criteria over the performance period, including revenue growth targets, earnings growth targets, and return on equity targets. The level at which Cubic performs against scalable targets over the performance periods will determine the percentage of the RSUs that will ultimately vest.

In fiscal 2019, the Compensation Committee granted RSUs with performance and market-based vesting criteria. The performance and market-based RSUs granted to participants vest over three-year performance periods based on Cubic’s achievement of revenue growth targets and earnings growth targets subject to the recipient’s continued service through the end of the respective performance periods. The level at which Cubic performs against scalable targets over the performance periods impact the percentage of the RSUs that will ultimately vest. For these RSUs, Cubic’s relative total stock return (TSR) as compared to the Russell 2000 Index (Index) over the performance period will result in a multiplier for the number of RSUs that will vest. If the TSR performance exceeds the performance of the Index based on a scale established by the Compensation Committee, the multiplier will result in up to an additional 25% of RSUs vesting at the end of the performance period. If the TSR performance is below the performance of the Index based on a scale established by the Compensation Committee, the multiplier would result in a reduction of up to 25% of these RSUs vesting at the end of the performance period.

The grant date fair value of each RSU with time-based vesting or performance-based vesting is the fair market value of one share of our common stock at the grant date.

The grant date fair value of each RSU with performance and market-based vesting was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation method. Under this method, the prices of the Index and our common stock were simulated through the end of the performance period. The correlation matrix between our common stock and the index as well as our stock and the Index’s return volatilities were developed based upon an analysis of historical data. The following table includes the assumptions used for the valuation of the RSUs with performance and market-based vesting that were granted during fiscal 2019:

	RSUs granted during the nine months ended June 30, 2019
Date of grant	November 21, 2018	April 1, 2019
Grant date fair value	$67.40	$59.29
Performance period begins	October 1, 2018	October 1, 2018
Performance period ends	September 30, 2021	September 30, 2021
Risk-free interest rate	2.8%	2.8%
Expected volatility	34%	34%

At June 30, 2019, the total number of unvested RSUs that are ultimately expected to vest, after consideration of expected forfeitures and estimated vesting of performance-based RSUs, is 353,979 RSUs with time-based vesting, 112,070 RSUs with performance-based vesting, and 168,664 RSUs with performance and market-based vesting.

The following table summarizes our RSU activity:

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Service-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	366,460	$	52.31
Granted	232,667		62.50
Vested	(143,513)		50.73
Forfeited	(34,744)		54.80
Unvested at June 30, 2019	420,870	$	58.28

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Performance-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	635,628	$	50.11
Granted	—		—
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(320,753)		44.63
Unvested at June 30, 2019	314,875	$	55.68

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Performance and Market-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	—	$	—
Granted	237,616		66.79
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(10,214)		67.40
Unvested at June 30, 2019	227,402	$	66.77

We recorded non-cash compensation expense related to stock-based awards as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of sales	$	498	$	357	$	1,236	$	729
Selling, general and administrative		3,904		2,246		9,524		4,371
	$	4,402	$	2,603	$	10,760	$	5,100

As of June 30, 2019, there was $44.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs. Based upon the expected forfeitures and the expected vesting of performance-based RSUs, the aggregate fair value of RSUs expected to ultimately vest is $37.6 million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

We estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods on a cumulative basis in the period the estimated forfeiture rate changes for all stock-based awards when significant events occur. We consider our historical experience with employee turnover as the basis to arrive at our estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate was estimated to be 12.5% per year as of June 30, 2019. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from what we have estimated, compensation expense related to these awards will be different from our expectations.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Note 12 – Income Taxes

U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act. Due to the complexity of the Tax Act, the SEC issued guidance in SAB 118 which clarified the accounting for income taxes under ASC 740 if certain information was not yet available, prepared or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effects of the Tax Act.

SAB 118 provided for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment of the Tax Act, during which time the required analyses and accounting must be completed. During fiscal year 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the income tax effects of the changes in tax law and tax rates, as reasonable estimates were determined by management during this period.

The SAB 118 measurement period ended on December 22, 2018. Although we no longer consider these amounts to be provisional, the determination of the Tax Act’s income tax effects may change following future legislation or further interpretation of the Tax Act based on the publication of recently proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and guidance from the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities.

The Tax Act includes provisions for Global Intangible Low-Tax Income (GILTI) under which taxes on foreign income are imposed on the excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign subsidiaries. Consistent with accounting guidance, we have elected to account for the tax on GILTI as a period cost and thus have not adjusted any net deferred tax assets of our foreign subsidiaries in connection with the Tax Act.

Effective Tax Rate

During interim periods, we generally utilize the estimated annual effective tax rate method which involves the use of forecasted information. Under this method, the provision is calculated by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pre-tax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. For the nine-month period ended June 30, 2019, we believe it is more appropriate to use a blend of the discrete effective tax rate method and the estimated annual effective tax rate method to calculate income tax expense for the period. Since income from U.S. operations fluctuates throughout the year, we determined the discrete tax rate method should be utilized to determine a more reliable estimate of U.S. income tax expense for the period.

The income tax expense recognized on pre-tax income from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in an effective tax rate of 5%, which differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the change in U.S. valuation allowance related to tax attributes projected to be utilized. The income tax benefit recognized on pre-tax income from continuing operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 resulted in an effective tax rate of negative 166% which differs from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the jurisdictional mix of pre-tax income (loss) and discrete tax benefits related to the release of a portion of the existing U.S. deferred tax valuation allowance due to deferred tax liabilities acquired in business combinations. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 differs from the effective tax rate of negative 38% and 48% for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and the year ended September 30, 2018, respectively, primarily due to differences in the jurisdictional mix of pre-tax income (loss), partially offset by discrete benefits resulting from the enactment of the Tax Act and by discrete benefits recorded related to the release of a portion of the existing U.S. deferred tax valuation allowance due to deferred tax liabilities acquired in business combinations.

Deferred Tax Balances

As of June 30, 2019, we maintained a valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets as realization of such assets does not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold required under accounting guidelines. We will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets by evaluating positive and negative evidence that may exist. Through June 30, 2019, a total valuation allowance of $61.9 million has been established for U.S. net deferred tax assets, certain foreign operating losses and other foreign assets.

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Note 13 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

In order to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest and foreign currency exchange rates we utilize derivative financial instruments such as forward starting swaps and foreign currency forwards for periods typically up to three years. We do not use any derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

All derivatives are recorded at fair value, however, the classification of gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair values of derivatives are dependent on the intended use of the derivative and its resulting designation. If a derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, then a change in the fair value of the derivative is offset against the change in the fair value of the underlying hedged item and only the ineffective portion of the hedge, if any, is recognized in earnings. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, then the effective portion of a change in the fair value of the derivative is recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the underlying hedged item is recognized in earnings, or the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring. If a derivative does not qualify as a highly effective hedge, any change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings. We formally document all hedging relationships for all derivative hedges and the underlying hedged items, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions. We classify the fair value of all derivative contracts as current or noncurrent assets or liabilities, depending on the realized and unrealized gain or loss position of the hedged contract at the balance sheet date, and the timing of future cash flows. The cash flows from derivatives treated as hedges are classified in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same category as the item being hedged.

The following table shows the notional principal amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Notional Principal
	June 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Instruments designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign currency forwards	$	157,196	$	169,406
Instruments not designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign currency forwards	$	16,957	$	27,909

Included in the amounts not designated as accounting hedges at June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 were foreign currency forwards with notional principal amounts of $7.6 million and $14.7 million, respectively, that have been designed to manage exposure to foreign currency exchange risks, and for which the gains or losses of the changes in fair value of the forwards has approximately offset an equal and opposite amount of gains or losses related to the foreign currency exposure. Unrealized losses of $0.2 million and unrealized gain of $0.3 million were recognized in other income (expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to these foreign currency forward contracts not designated as accounting hedges. Unrealized losses of $0.3 million and $0.1 million were recognized in other income (expense), net for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to foreign currency forwards not designated as accounting hedges.

The notional principal amounts for outstanding derivative instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding and do not represent the amount of our exposure to credit or market loss. Credit risk represents our gross exposure to potential accounting loss on derivative instruments that are outstanding or unsettled if all counterparties failed to perform according to the terms of the contract, based on then-current interest or currency exchange rates at each respective date. Our exposure to credit loss and market risk will vary over time as a function of interest and currency exchange rates. The amount of credit risk from derivative instruments and hedging activities was not material for the periods ended June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Although the table above reflects the notional principal amounts of our foreign exchange instruments, it does not reflect the gains or losses associated with the exposures and transactions that the foreign exchange instruments are intended to hedge. The amounts ultimately realized upon settlement of these financial instruments, together with the gains and losses on the underlying exposures, will depend on actual market conditions during the remaining life of the instruments.

We generally enter into master netting arrangements, which reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. We present our derivative assets and derivative liabilities at their gross fair values. We did not have any derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that would require us to post collateral as of June 30, 2019 or September 30, 2018.

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments that qualify for hedge accounting as well as their classification in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

		Fair Value
	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Asset derivatives:
Foreign currency forwards	Other current assets	$	2,019	$	1,803
Foreign currency forwards	Other assets		314		314
		$	2,333	$	2,117
Liability derivatives:
Foreign currency forwards	Other current liabilities	$	1,263	$	1,657
Foreign currency forwards	Other long-term liabilities		116		75
Total		$	1,379	$	1,732

The tables below present gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, as well as the amount of gains and losses reclassified into earnings (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended
	June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
			Gains (losses)				Gains (losses)
	Gains (losses)		reclassified into				reclassified into
	recognized in		earnings -		Gains (losses)		earnings -
Derivative Type	OCI		Effective Portion		recognized in OCI		Effective Portion
Foreign currency forwards	$	(134)	$	466	$	163	$	(1,468)
	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
			Gains (losses)				Gains (losses)
	Gains (losses)		reclassified into				reclassified into
	recognized in		earnings -		Gains (losses)		earnings -
Derivative Type	OCI		Effective Portion		recognized in OCI		Effective Portion
Foreign currency forwards	$	661	$	94	$	(848)	$	(670)

The amount of unrealized gains and losses from derivative instruments and hedging activities classified as not highly effective did not have a material impact on the results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The amount of estimated unrealized net gains from cash flow hedges which are expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months is $0.6 million, net of income taxes.

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Segment Information

Segment Information

Note 14 — Segment Information

We define our operating segments and reportable segments based on the way our chief executive officer, who we have concluded is our chief operating decision maker, manages our operations for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance and we continually reassess our operating segment and reportable segment designation based upon these criteria. We evaluate performance and allocate resources based on total segment operating income or loss. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Intersegment sales and transfers are immaterial and are eliminated in consolidation.

Our reportable segments are business units that offer different products and services. Operating results for each segment are reported separately to senior corporate management to make decisions as to the allocation of corporate resources and to assess performance.

Business segment financial data is as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	212.7	$	164.6	$	595.2	$	478.1
Cubic Mission Solutions		95.0		42.7		203.3		111.9
Cubic Global Defense		75.0		88.9		226.8		233.2
Total sales	$	382.7	$	296.2	$	1,025.3	$	823.2
Operating income (loss):
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	17.2	$	18.6	$	37.0	$	42.7
Cubic Mission Solutions		1.3		(0.5)		(12.1)		(17.2)
Cubic Global Defense		1.9		6.9		10.0		13.6
Unallocated corporate expenses		14.3		(14.7)		(7.3)		(42.4)
Total operating income (loss)	$	34.7	$	10.3	$	27.6	$	(3.3)
Depreciation and amortization:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	6.9	$	2.8	$	24.1	$	9.1
Cubic Mission Solutions		6.0		4.7		17.2		15.8
Cubic Global Defense		1.7		2.0		5.4		6.1
Corporate		0.7		1.1		2.2		3.1
Total depreciation and amortization	$	15.3	$	10.6	$	48.9	$	34.1

Unallocated corporate expenses in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2019 include gains totaling $32.6 million on the sales of land and buildings in San Diego, California and Orlando, Florida. Unallocated corporate expenses include costs of strategic and information technology (IT) system resource planning as part of our One Cubic Initiatives, which totaled $2.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to $5.0 million in the third quarter of last year and $6.3 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $18.8 million in the first nine months of last year. As described in Note 3, the operating results of CGD Services have been classified as discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented.

Disaggregation of Total Net Sales: We disaggregate our sales from contracts with customers by end customer, contract type, deliverable type and revenue recognition method for each of our segments, as we believe these factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows.

Sales by Geographic Region (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
United States	$	128.9	$	94.0	$	31.6	$	254.5	$	327.3	$	200.1	$	101.3	$	628.7
United Kingdom		47.5		0.2		7.7		55.4		151.6		1.3		16.3		169.2
Australia		30.9		0.3		8.1		39.3		91.1		0.5		20.7		112.3
Far East/Middle East		0.7		0.1		15.2		16.0		8.5		0.7		45.8		55.0
Other		4.7		0.4		12.4		17.5		16.7		0.7		42.7		60.1
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by End Customer: We are the prime contractor for the vast majority of our sales. The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by end customer (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Municipalities	$	123.1	$	91.8	$	37.4	$	252.3	$	310.7	$	195.6	$	107.3	$	613.6
Other		89.6		3.2		37.6		130.4		284.5		7.7		119.5		411.7
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by Contract Type: Substantially all of our contracts are fixed-price type contracts. Sales included in Other contract types represent cost plus and time and material type contracts.

On a fixed-price type contract, we agree to perform the contractual statement of work for a predetermined sales price. On a cost-plus type contract, we are paid our allowable incurred costs plus a profit which can be fixed or variable depending on the contract’s fee arrangement up to predetermined funding levels determined by the customer. On a time-and-material type contract, we are paid on the basis of direct labor hours expended at specified fixed-price hourly rates (that include wages, overhead, allowable general and administrative expenses and profit) and materials at cost. The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by contract type (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Fixed Price	$	210.5	$	93.2	$	69.5	$	373.2	$	586.3	$	199.6	$	209.4	$	995.3
Other		2.2		1.8		5.5		9.5		8.9		3.7		17.4		30.0
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by Deliverable Type: The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by the type of deliverable, which is determined by us at the performance obligation level (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Product	$	122.8	$	87.3	$	45.8	$	255.9	$	328.7	$	183.9	$	148.3	$	660.9
Service		89.9		7.7		29.2		126.8		266.5		19.4		78.5		364.4
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Revenue Recognition Method: The table below presents total net sales disaggregated based on the revenue recognition method applied (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Point in Time	$	29.7	$	76.0	$	1.0	$	106.7	$	68.2	$	169.2	$	2.9	$	240.3
Over Time		183.0		19.0		74.0		276.0		527.0		34.1		223.9		785.0
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

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Restructuring Costs

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Restructuring Costs

Restructuring Costs

Note 15 — Restructuring Costs

In 2019, we initiated projects to restructure and modify our supply chain strategy, functional responsibilities, methods, capabilities, processes and rationalize suppliers with the goal of reducing ongoing costs and increasing the efficiencies of our worldwide procurement organization. The majority of the costs associated with these restructuring activities are related to consultants that we have engaged in connection with these efforts, and such costs have been recognized by our corporate entity. The total costs of this restructuring project are expected to exceed amounts incurred to date by $2.5 million and these efforts are expected to be completed early in fiscal 2020.

Also, in 2019 our CTS and CGD segments incurred restructuring charges, consisting primarily of employee severance costs related to headcount reductions initiated to optimize our cost positions. The total costs of each of these restructuring plans initiated thus far are not expected to be significantly greater than the charges incurred to date.

Restructuring charges incurred by our business segments were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Restructuring costs:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	1.4		0.3	$	2.2	$	0.6
Cubic Mission Solutions		—		—		—		—
Cubic Global Defense		2.6		0.3		2.7		1.0
Unallocated corporate expenses		4.5		1.0		7.4		1.8
Total restructuring costs	$	8.5	$	1.6	$	12.3	$	3.4

The following table presents a rollforward of our restructuring liability as of June 30, 2019, which is included within accrued compensation and other current liabilities within our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):

	Restructuring Liability		Restructuring Liability
	Employee Separation and other		Consulting Costs
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	0.7	$	0.2
Accrued costs		5.9		6.4
Cash payments		(2.8)		(6.1)
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	3.8	$	0.5

Certain restructuring costs are based upon estimates. Actual amounts paid may ultimately differ from these estimates. If additional costs are incurred or recognized amounts exceed costs, such changes in estimates will be recognized when incurred.

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Legal Matters

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Legal Matters

Legal Matters

Note 16 — Legal Matters

In August 2019, a transit authority asserted loss of revenue due to alleged accidental undercharging of their customers for specific transactions by a fare system which we operate for them and has requested a corresponding recoupment from

us. Although our investigation into this matter is not yet complete, we currently believe this matter will not have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. No liability for this claim has been recorded as of June 30, 2019.

We consider all other current legal matters to be ordinary proceedings incidental to our business. We believe the outcome of these proceedings will not have a materially adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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Basis for Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Basis for Presentation

Revenue Recognition

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition: Effective October 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606), using the modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a change in our significant accounting policy regarding revenue recognition, and resulted in changes in our accounting policies regarding contract estimates, backlog, inventory, contract assets, long-term capitalized contract costs, and contract liabilities as described below.

The cumulative effect of applying the standard was an increase of $24.5 million to shareholders' equity as of October 1, 2018. Our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2019 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 are presented under the legacy revenue recognition guidance under ASC 605. See Note 2 for disclosure of the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter and nine months ended June 30, 2019 and our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2019, and the effect of changes made to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of October 1, 2018.

We generate revenue from the sale of integrated solutions such as mass transit fare collection systems, air and ground combat training systems, and products with C4ISR capabilities. A significant portion of our revenues are generated from

long-term fixed-price contracts with customers that require us to design, develop, manufacture, modify, upgrade, test and integrate complex systems according to the customer’s specifications. We also generate revenue from services we provide, such as the operation and maintenance of fare systems for mass transit customers and the support of specialized military training exercises mainly for international customers. Our contracts are primarily with the U.S. government, state and local municipalities, international government customers, and international local municipal transit agencies. We classify sales as products or services in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the attributes of the underlying contracts.

We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. For certain contracts that meet the foregoing requirements, primarily international direct commercial sale contracts, we are required to obtain certain regulatory approvals. In these cases where regulatory approval is required in addition to approval from both parties, we recognize revenue based on the likelihood of obtaining timely regulatory approvals based upon all known facts and circumstances.

To determine the proper revenue recognition method, we evaluate each contractual arrangement to identify all performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation because the promise to transfer the individual good or service is not separately identifiable from other promises within the contract and is, therefore, not distinct. These contractual arrangements either require the use of a highly specialized engineering, development and manufacturing process to provide goods according to customer specifications or represent a bundle of contracted goods and services that are integrated and together represent a combined output, which may include the delivery of multiple units.

Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, primarily (i) related to the provision of multiple goods or services or (ii) due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product lifecycle (for instance: development and engineering, production, maintenance and support). For contracts with more than one performance obligation, we allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations based upon their relative standalone selling prices. For such contracts we evaluate whether the stated selling prices for the products or services represent their standalone selling prices. In cases where a contract requires a customized good or service, our primary method used to estimate the standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach. In cases where we sell a standard product or service offering, the standalone selling price is based on an observable standalone selling price. A number of our contracts with the U.S. government, including contracts under the U.S. Department of Defense’s Foreign Military Sales program (FMS Contracts), are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and the price is typically based on estimated or actual costs plus a reasonable profit margin. As a result of these regulations, the standalone selling price of products or services in our contracts with the U.S. government and FMS Contracts are typically equal to the selling price stated in the contract. Therefore, we typically do not need to allocate (or reallocate) the transaction price to multiple performance obligations in our contracts with the U.S. government.

The majority of our sales are from performance obligations satisfied over time. Sales are recognized over time when control is continuously transferred to the customer during the contract or the contracted good does not have alternative use to us. For U.S. government contracts, the continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by contract clauses that provide for (i) progress or performance-based payments or (ii) the unilateral right of the customer to terminate the contract for its convenience, in which case we have the right to receive payment for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit for products and services that do not have alternative uses to us. Our contracts with international governments and local municipal transit agencies contain similar termination for convenience clauses, or we have a legally enforceable right to receive payment for costs incurred and a reasonable profit for products or services that do not have alternative uses to us.

For those contracts for which control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. For our design and build type contracts, we generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Contract costs include material, labor and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs, and

are generally expensed as incurred for these contracts. For contracts with the U.S. government, general and administrative costs are included in contract costs; however, for purposes of revenue measurement, general and administrative costs are not considered contract costs for any other customers.

Sales from performance obligations satisfied at a point in time are typically for standard goods and are recognized when the customer obtains control, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance. Costs of sales are recorded in the period in which revenue is recognized.

We record sales under cost-reimbursement-type contracts as we incur the costs. For cost-reimbursement type contracts with the U.S. government, the FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that will be reimbursed in establishing the contract price.

Sales under service contracts are generally recognized as services are performed or value is provided to our customers. We measure the delivery of value to our customers using a number of metrics including ridership, units of work performed, and costs incurred. We determine which metric represents the most meaningful measure of value delivery based on the nature of the underlying service activities required under each individual contract. In certain circumstances we recognize revenue based on the right to bill when such amounts correspond to the value being delivered in a billing cycle. Certain of our transportation systems service contracts contain service level penalties or bonuses, which we recognize in each period incurred or earned. These contract penalties or bonuses are generally incurred or earned on a monthly basis; however, certain contracts may be based on a quarterly or annual evaluation. Sales under service contracts that do not contain measurable units of work performed are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual service period, unless evidence suggests that the revenue is earned, or obligations fulfilled, in a different manner. Costs incurred under these service contracts are generally expensed as incurred.

Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for our long-term contracts to contain bonuses, penalties, transactional variable based fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are incurred or earned upon certain performance metrics, program milestones, transactional based activities and other similar contractual events. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

Billing timetables and payment terms on our contracts vary based on a number of factors, including the contract type. Typical payment terms under fixed-price contracts to deliver complex systems provide that the customer pays either performance-based payments based on the achievement of contract milestones or progress payments based on a percentage of costs we incur. For the majority of our service contracts, we generally bill on a monthly basis which corresponds with the satisfaction of our monthly performance obligation under these contracts. We recognize a liability for payments received in excess of revenue recognized, which is presented as a contract liability on the balance sheet. The portion of payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer from our failure to adequately complete some or all of the obligations under the contract. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are not considered to be significant financing components because they are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract. For certain of our multiple-element arrangements, the contract specifies that we will not be paid upon the delivery of certain performance obligations, but rather we will be paid when subsequent performance obligations are satisfied. Generally, in these cases we have determined that a separate financing component exists as a performance obligation under the contract. In these instances, we allocate a portion of the transaction price to this financing component. We determine the value of the embedded financing component by discounting the repayment of the financed amount over the implied repayment term using the effective interest method. This discounting methodology uses an implied interest rate which reflects the credit quality of the customer and represents an interest rate that would be similar to what we would offer the customer in a separate financing transaction. Unpaid principal and interest amounts associated with the financed performance obligation and the value of the embedded financing component are presented as long-term contracts financing receivables in our consolidated balance sheet. We recognize the allocated transaction price of the financing component as interest income over the implied financing term.

For fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts, we present revenues recognized in excess of billings as contract assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers under both contract types are classified as receivables on the balance sheet.

We only include amounts representing contract change orders, claims or other items in the contract value when we believe the rights and obligations become enforceable. Contract modifications routinely occur to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most cases, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Transaction price estimates include additional consideration for submitted contract modifications or claims when we believe there is an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be reliably estimated, and its realization is reasonably assured. Amounts representing modifications accounted for as part of the existing contract are included in the transaction price and recognized as an adjustment to sales on a cumulative catch-up basis.

In addition, we are subject to audits of incurred costs related to many of our U.S. government contracts. These audits could produce different results than we have estimated for revenue recognized on our cost-based contracts with the U.S. government; however, our experience has been that our costs are acceptable to the government.

Contract Estimates

Contract Estimates: Use of the cost-to-cost or other similar methods of revenue recognition requires us to make reasonably dependable estimates regarding the revenue and cost associated with the design, manufacture and delivery of our products and services. Revisions or adjustments to estimates of the transaction price, estimated costs at completion and estimated profit or loss of a performance obligation are often required as work progresses under a contract, as experience is gained, as facts and circumstances change and as new information is obtained, even though the scope of work required under the contract may not change. Revisions or adjustments may also be required if contract modifications occur. The impact of revisions in profit or loss estimates are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. The revisions in contract estimates, if significant, can materially affect our results of operations and cash flows, and in some cases result in liabilities to complete contracts in a loss position. The aggregate impact of net changes in contract estimates are presented in the table below (amounts in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,054)	$	2,239	$	(1,040)	$	114
Net income (loss) from continuing operations		(1,185)		1,739		(1,100)		109
Diluted earnings per share		(0.04)		0.06		(0.04)		—

Backlog

Backlog: Backlog (i.e., unfulfilled or remaining performance obligations) represents the sales we expect to recognize for our products and services for which control has not yet transferred to the customer. It comprises both funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is authorized and appropriated) and unfunded backlog. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are not included in backlog until the time the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded. For our cost-reimbursable and fixed-priced-incentive contracts, the estimated consideration we expect to receive pursuant to the terms of the contract may exceed the contractual award amount. The estimated consideration is determined at the outset of the contract and is continuously reviewed throughout the contract period. In determining the estimated consideration, we consider the risks related to the technical, schedule and cost impacts to complete the contract and an estimate of any variable consideration. Periodically, we review these risks and may increase or decrease backlog accordingly. As of June 30, 2019, our ending backlog was $3.688 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 30% of our June 30, 2019 backlog over the next 12 months and approximately 45% over the next 24 months as revenue, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue: See Note 14 for information regarding our sales by customer type, contract type and geographic region for each of our segments. We believe those categories best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable: Receivables consist of billed amounts due from our customers. Due to the nature of our customers, we generally do not require collateral. We have limited exposure to credit risk as we have historically collected substantially all of our receivables. We generally require minimal allowance for doubtful accounts for our customers, which amounted to $1.7 million and $1.3 million as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories: We state our inventories at the lower of cost or market. We determine cost using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, which approximates current replacement cost. We value our work in process at the actual production and engineering costs incurred to date, including applicable overhead. Any inventoried costs in excess of estimated realizable value are immediately charged to cost of sales.

Contract Assets

Contract Assets: Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The amounts may not exceed their estimated net realizable value. Contract assets are classified as current assets and, in accordance with industry practice, include amounts that may be billed and collected beyond one year due to the long-cycle nature of many of our contracts.

Long-term capitalized contract costs

Long-term Capitalized Contract Costs: Through September 30, 2018, and prior to the adoption of ASC 606 long-term capitalized contract costs included costs incurred on contracts to develop and manufacture transportation systems for customers for which revenue recognition did not begin until the customers begin operating the systems. Upon adoption of ASC 606, revenue recognition and cost recognition are no longer deferred in these situations and therefore we no longer have long-term capitalized contract costs.

Contract Liabilities

Contract Liabilities: Contract liabilities (formerly referred to as customer advances prior to the adoption of ASC 606) include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are classified as current liabilities based on our contract operating cycle and calculated on a contract-by-contract basis, net of revenue recognized, at the end of each reporting period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017 the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (Tax Act). Due to the complexity of the Tax Act, the SEC issued guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118 which clarified the accounting for income taxes under ASC 740 if certain information was not yet available, prepared or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provided for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment of the Tax Act, during which time the required analyses and accounting must be completed. During fiscal year 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the income tax effects of the changes in tax law and tax rates, as reasonable estimates were determined by management during this period. The SAB 118 measurement period subsequently ended on December 22, 2018. Although we no longer consider these amounts to be provisional, the determination of the Tax Act’s income tax effects may change following future legislation or further interpretation of the Tax Act based on the publication of recently proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and guidance from the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements – Other

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the total beginning and ending amounts for the periods shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 was adopted by us beginning October 1, 2018. The application of this accounting standard update did not impact our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income or our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, but resulted in a retrospective change in the presentation of restricted cash, including the inclusion of our restricted cash balances within the beginning and ending amounts of cash and cash equivalents in our Statements of Cash Flows. In addition, changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are now reflected in our Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (a) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (b) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The ASU will be effective for us beginning October 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-02 will be adopted on a modified retrospective transition basis for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of the

application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements and we have determined we will not adopt the new guidance early.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This standard removes the second step of the goodwill impairment test, where a determination of the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit was needed to measure the goodwill impairment. Under this updated standard, goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The guidance will be effective for us in our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. Adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have no immediate impact on our consolidated financial statements and would only have the potential to impact the amount of any goodwill impairment recorded after the adoption of the ASU. We are currently evaluating whether to adopt the guidance early.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which aims to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are intended to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To satisfy that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risk components, and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. Additionally, the amendments (1) permit hedge accounting for risk components in hedging relationships involving non-financial risk and interest rate risk; (2) change the guidance for designating fair value hedges of interest rate risk and for measuring the change in fair value of the hedged item in fair value hedges of interest rate risk; (3) continue to allow an entity to exclude option premiums and forward points from the assessment of hedge effectiveness; and (4) permit an entity to exclude the portion of the change in fair value of a currency swap that is attributable to a cross-currency basis spread from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2019 and interim periods within that year. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The amendments in this accounting standard update are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2020 and interim periods within that annual period. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements as well as whether to adopt the new guidance early.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Defined Benefit Plan - Disclosure Framework (Topic 715), which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans. The guidance removes disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The amendments in this accounting standard update are effective for us in our annual period beginning October 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the application of this accounting standard update on our consolidated financial statements as well as whether to adopt the new guidance early.

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Basis for Presentation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

ASU 2014-09

Schedule of aggregate impact of net changes in contract estimates

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,054)	$	2,239	$	(1,040)	$	114
Net income (loss) from continuing operations		(1,185)		1,739		(1,100)		109
Diluted earnings per share		(0.04)		0.06		(0.04)		—

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Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

Schedule of cumulative effect of changes due to adoption of ASC 606

The table below presents the cumulative effect of the changes made to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of October 1, 2018 due to the adoption of ASC 606 (in thousands):

			Adjustments		October 1, 2018
	September 30,		Due to		As Adjusted
	2018		ASC 606		Under ASC 606
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	111,834	$	—	$	111,834
Cash in consolidated VIE		374		—		374
Restricted cash		17,400		—		17,400
Restricted cash in consolidated VIE		10,000		—		10,000
Accounts receivable, net		392,367		(236,743)		155,624
Contract assets		—		272,210		272,210
Recoverable income taxes		91		—		91
Inventories		84,199		(22,511)		61,688
Assets held for sale		8,177		—		8,177
Other current assets		43,705		—		43,705
Total current assets		668,147		12,956		681,103
Long-term contracts receivables		6,134		(6,134)		—
Long-term contracts financing receivables		—		56,228		56,228
Long-term contracts financing receivables in consolidated VIE		—		38,990		38,990
Long-term capitalized contract costs		84,924		(84,924)		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs in consolidated VIE		1,258		(1,258)		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		117,546		—		117,546
Deferred income taxes		4,713		389		5,102
Goodwill		333,626		—		333,626
Purchased intangibles, net		73,533		—		73,533
Other assets		14,192		—		14,192
Other noncurrent assets in consolidated VIE		810		—		810
Total assets	$	1,304,883	$	16,247	$	1,321,130
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	—	$	—	$	—
Trade accounts payable		125,414		(3,011)		122,403
Trade accounts payable in consolidated VIE		165		—		165
Contract liabilities		—		70,127		70,127
Customer advances		75,941		(75,941)		—
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		118,233		583		118,816
Income taxes payable		8,586		—		8,586
Total current liabilities		328,339		(8,242)		320,097
Long-term debt		199,793		—		199,793
Long-term debt in consolidated VIE		9,056		—		9,056
Other long-term liabilities		43,486		—		43,486
Other long-term liabilities in consolidated VIE		13		—		13
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock		45,008		—		45,008
Retained earnings		801,834		19,834		821,668
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(110,643)		—		(110,643)
Treasury stock at cost		(36,078)		—		(36,078)
Shareholders’ equity related to Cubic		700,121		19,834		719,955
Noncontrolling interest in VIE		24,075		4,655		28,730
Total shareholders’ equity		724,196		24,489		748,685
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,304,883	$	16,247	$	1,321,130

The table below presents how the adoption of ASC 606 affected certain line items on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019						Nine months ended June 30, 2019
					As Reported						As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under		Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606		ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
Net sales:
Products	$	240,604	$	15,296	$	255,900	$	588,754	$	72,143	$	660,897
Services		126,790		(11)		126,779		365,099		(719)		364,380
		367,394		15,285		382,679		953,853		71,424		1,025,277
Costs and expenses:
Products		179,281		11,153		190,434		433,351		58,505		491,856
Services		77,224		—		77,224		243,851		—		243,851
Selling, general and administrative expenses		81,673		494		82,167		210,791		557		211,348
Research and development		12,470		—		12,470		38,236		—		38,236
Amortization of purchased intangibles		9,717		—		9,717		32,677		—		32,677
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(32,563)		—		(32,563)		(32,563)		—		(32,563)
Restructuring costs		8,505		—		8,505		12,254		—		12,254
		336,307		11,647		347,954		938,597		59,062		997,659
Operating income		31,087		3,638		34,725		15,256		12,362		27,618
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income		39		1,657		1,696		169		4,174		4,343
Interest expense		(6,132)		—		(6,132)		(14,695)		—		(14,695)
Other income (expense), net		(8,714)		—		(8,714)		(17,069)		—		(17,069)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes		16,280		5,295		21,575		(16,339)		16,536		197
Income tax provision (benefit)		1,113		(84)		1,029		(467)		162		(305)
Income (loss) from continuing operations		15,167		5,379		20,546		(15,872)		16,374		502
Net loss from discontinued operations		(202)		—		(202)		(1,541)		—		(1,541)
Net income (loss)		14,965		5,379		20,344		(17,413)		16,374		(1,039)
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE		(7,074)		3,508		(3,566)		(16,940)		7,970		(8,970)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	22,039	$	1,871	$	23,910	$	(473)	$	8,404	$	7,931
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income from continuing operations		22,241		1,871		24,112		1,068		8,404		9,472
Net loss from discontinued operations		(202)		—		(202)		(1,541)		—		(1,541)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$	22,039	$	1,871	$	23,910	$	(473)	$	8,404	$	7,931
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.71	$	0.06	$	0.77	$	(0.02)	$	0.28	$	0.26
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic	$	0.71	$	0.06	$	0.77	$	(0.02)	$	0.28	$	0.26

The table below quantifies the impact of adopting ASC 606 on segment net sales and operating income (loss) for the three and nine month periods ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019						Nine months ended June 30, 2019
					As Reported						As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under		Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606		ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
Sales:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	201,935	$	10,737	$	212,672	$	557,234	$	37,938	$	595,172
Cubic Mission Solutions		94,352		626		94,978		202,392		914		203,306
Cubic Global Defense		71,107		3,922		75,029		194,227		32,572		226,799
Total sales	$	367,394	$	15,285	$	382,679	$	953,853	$	71,424	$	1,025,277
Operating income (loss):
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	14,489	$	2,788	$	17,277	$	29,348	$	7,700	$	37,048
Cubic Mission Solutions		1,187		43		1,230		(12,045)		(88)		(12,133)
Cubic Global Defense		1,121		807		1,928		5,248		4,750		9,998
Unallocated corporate expenses		14,290		—		14,290		(7,295)		—		(7,295)
Total operating income	$	31,087	$	3,638	$	34,725	$	15,256	$	12,362	$	27,618

The table below presents how the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 affected certain line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

					As Reported
	Under		Effect of		Under
	ASC 605		ASC 606		ASC 606
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	62,522	$	—	$	62,522
Cash in consolidated VIE		359		—		359
Restricted cash		17,062		—		17,062
Restricted cash in consolidated VIE		9,967		—		9,967
Accounts receivable, net		394,777		(215,928)		178,849
Contract assets		(5,052)		280,474		275,422
Recoverable income taxes		8,481		220		8,701
Inventories		171,247		(46,950)		124,297
Assets held for sale		—		—		—
Other current assets		40,615		—		40,615
Other current assets in consolidated VIE		53		—		53
Total current assets		700,031		17,816		717,847
Long-term contracts receivables		3,201		(3,201)		—
Long-term contracts financing receivables		—		38,885		38,885
Long-term contracts financing receivables in consolidated VIE		—		90,233		90,233
Long-term capitalized contract costs		119,331		(119,331)		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs in consolidated VIE		2,255		(2,255)		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		137,004		—		137,004
Deferred income taxes		4,867		235		5,102
Goodwill		578,945		—		578,945
Purchased intangibles, net		175,207		—		175,207
Other assets		70,396		—		70,396
Other noncurrent assets in consolidated VIE		1,266		—		1,266
Total assets	$	1,792,503	$	22,382	$	1,814,885
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	231,000	$	—	$	231,000
Trade accounts payable		156,544		(2,253)		154,291
Trade accounts payable in consolidated VIE		88		—		88
Contract liabilities		—		62,266		62,266
Customer advances		78,760		(78,760)		—
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		92,327		—		92,327
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities in consolidated VIE		183		—		183
Income taxes payable		1,026		266		1,292
Current portion of long-term debt		10,713		—		10,713
Total current liabilities		570,641		(18,481)		552,160
Long-term debt		189,103		—		189,103
Long-term debt in consolidated VIE		45,991		—		45,991
Other long-term liabilities		45,152		—		45,152
Other long-term liabilities in consolidated VIE		16,897		—		16,897
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock		268,965		—		268,965
Retained earnings		797,158		28,238		825,396
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(112,470)		—		(112,470)
Treasury stock at cost		(36,078)		—		(36,078)
Shareholders’ equity related to Cubic		917,575		28,238		945,813
Noncontrolling interest in VIE		7,144		12,625		19,769
Total shareholders’ equity		924,719		40,863		965,582
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,792,503	$	22,382	$	1,814,885

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Acquisitions and Divestitures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Acquisitions

Schedule of income (loss) and carrying amounts of assets and liabilities from discontinued operations

The following table presents the composition of net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net sales	$	—	$	71,867	$	—	$	262,228
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		—		64,597		—		235,279
Selling, general and administrative expenses		—		3,133		—		10,676
Amortization of purchased intangibles		—		276		—		1,373
Restructuring costs		—		—		—		7
Other income		—		(2)		—		(15)
Earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes		—		3,863		—		14,908
Net (gain) loss on sale		202		(819)		1,541		6,081
Income tax (benefit) provision		—		(698)		—		463
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	(202)	$	5,380	$	(1,541)	$	8,364

Schedule of unaudited pro forma information

The following unaudited pro forma information presents our consolidated results of operations as if Nuvotronics, GRIDSMART, Trafficware, Shield, and MotionDSP had been included in our consolidated results since October 1, 2017 (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net sales	$	382.7	$	322.4	$	1,039.6	$	891.4
Net income (loss)		24.1		(1.5)		4.9		(28.3)

Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill

Changes in goodwill for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows for each of our reporting units (in thousands):

	Cubic Transportation		Cubic Mission		Cubic Global
	Systems		Solutions		Defense		Total
Net balances at September 30, 2018	$	49,786	$	138,127	$	145,713	$	333,626
Acquisitions		205,778		40,709		—		246,487
Reassignment of goodwill		—		3,428		(3,428)		—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		(989)		(215)		36		(1,168)
Net balances at June 30, 2019	$	254,575	$	182,049	$	142,321	$	578,945

Nuvotronics

Acquisitions

Schedule of Business Combination Operating Results

Nuvotronics’ sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	3.6	$	—	$	4.3	$	—
Operating loss		(3.2)		—		(4.9)		—
Net loss after taxes		(3.2)		—		(4.9)		—

Schedule of Business Combination components of operating results

Nuvotronics’ operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.6	$	—	$	0.7	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		1.1		—		2.9		—

Schedule of estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	22.7
Trade name		1.5
Backlog		1.4
Non-compete agreements		0.5
Customer relationships		0.6
Accounts receivable and contract assets		2.6
Fixed assets		2.7
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(1.8)
Deferred taxes		(3.5)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(0.6)
Net identifiable assets acquired		26.1
Goodwill		40.7
Net assets acquired	$	66.8

Schedule of estimated amortization expense related to acquisition

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Nuvotronics is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	1.2
2020		4.0
2021		3.0
2022		3.0
2023		2.9
Thereafter		12.6

GRIDSMART

Acquisitions

Schedule of Business Combination Operating Results

GRIDSMART’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	7.7	$	—	$	14.0	$	—
Operating income (loss)		0.7		—		(1.3)		—
Net income (loss) after taxes		0.7		—		(1.3)		—

Schedule of Business Combination components of operating results

GRIDSMART’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	1.3	$	—	$	2.7	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		0.6		—		2.4		—

Schedule of estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	25.7
Customer relationships		3.6
Trade name		2.4
Inventory		4.3
Accounts receivable		1.7
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(2.5)
Deferred taxes		(3.9)
Other net assets acquired		0.5
Net identifiable assets acquired		31.8
Goodwill		55.0
Net assets acquired	$	86.8

Schedule of estimated amortization expense related to acquisition

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of GRIDSMART is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	4.0
2020		5.3
2021		3.9
2022		3.5
2023		3.5
Thereafter		11.5

Trafficware

Acquisitions

Schedule of Business Combination Operating Results

Trafficware’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	15.8	$	—	$	38.0	$	—
Operating loss		(1.0)		—		(9.5)		—
Net loss after taxes		(1.0)		—		(9.5)		—

Schedule of Business Combination components of operating results

Trafficware’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	2.8	$	—	$	12.4	$	—
Acquisition-related expenses		0.9		—		4.4		—

Schedule of estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	43.3
Customer relationships		21.9
Backlog		4.8
Trade name		4.6
Accounts receivable		10.4
Inventory		9.9
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(6.6)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(1.9)
Net identifiable assets acquired		86.4
Goodwill		150.8
Net assets acquired	$	237.2

Schedule of estimated amortization expense related to acquisition

The estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Trafficware is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	15.3
2020		11.4
2021		11.4
2022		11.4
2023		6.4
Thereafter		18.7

Shield Aviation

Acquisitions

Schedule of Business Combination Operating Results

Shield’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Operating loss		(2.0)		—		(4.8)		—
Net loss after taxes		(2.0)		—		(4.8)		—

Schedule of Business Combination components of operating results

Shield’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.2	$	—	$	0.6	$	—
(Gains) for changes in fair values of contingent consideration		(0.7)		—		(0.4)		—

Schedule of estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date

The acquisition of Shield was paid for with funds from existing cash resources. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Technology	$	6.0
Other net assets acquired		0.3
Net identifiable assets acquired		6.3
Goodwill		6.5
Net assets acquired	$	12.8

Schedule of estimated amortization expense related to acquisition

The amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of Shield is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	0.8
2020		0.8
2021		0.8
2022		0.8
2023		0.8
Thereafter		2.1

MotionDSP

Acquisitions

Schedule of Business Combination Operating Results

MotionDSP’s sales and results of operations included in our operating results since its consolidation in our financial statements were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales	$	0.6	$	0.3	$	1.1	$	0.4
Operating loss		(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.5)		(1.0)
Net loss after taxes		(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.5)		(1.0)

Schedule of Business Combination components of operating results

MotionDSP’s operating results above included the following amounts (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Amortization	$	0.2	$	0.2	$	0.6	$	0.2
Acquisition-related expenses		—		0.1		0.2		0.7

Schedule of estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date

The acquisition of MotionDSP was paid for with funds from existing cash resources. The following table summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (in millions):

Customer relationships	$	0.2
Technology		4.5
Trade name		0.1
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(0.3)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(0.8)
Other net liabilities assumed		(0.9)
Net identifiable assets acquired		2.8
Goodwill		6.7
Net assets acquired	$	9.5

Schedule of estimated amortization expense related to acquisition

The amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in connection with our acquisition of MotionDSP is as follows (in millions):

Year Ended
September 30,
2019	$	0.7
2020		0.7
2021		0.7
2022		0.7
2023		0.7
Thereafter		0.8

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Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Variable Interest Entities

Schedule of summary of the consolidated net assets and liabilities

The assets and liabilities of OpCo that are consolidated into our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 are as follows:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Cash	$	359	$	374
Restricted cash		9,967		10,000
Other current assets		53		—
Long-term capitalized contract costs		—		33,818
Long-term contracts financing receivable		90,233		—
Other noncurrent assets		1,266		810
Total assets	$	101,878	$	45,002
Trade accounts payable	$	88	$	165
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		183		—
Due to Cubic		19,460		11,724
Other long-term liabilities		16,897		13
Long-term debt		45,991		9,056
Total liabilities	$	82,619	$	20,958
Total Cubic equity		(510)		(304)
Noncontrolling interests		19,769		24,348
Total liabilities and owners' equity	$	101,878	$	45,002

Schedule of revenue, operating profit, and other income/(expense), net

The revenue, operating income, and other income (expense), net of OpCo that are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	$	3,233	$	—	$	7,519	$	—
Operating income		2,823		—		6,521		—
Other income (expense), net		(7,031)		(2,090)		(16,884)		(2,090)
Interest income		1,075		—		2,335		—
Interest expense		(829)		—		(1,939)		—

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Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted EPS

The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute net loss per common share were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Weighted average shares - basic		31,160		27,232		30,267		27,221
Effect of dilutive securities		89		142		65		—
Weighted average shares - diluted		31,249		27,374		30,332		27,221
Number of anti-dilutive securities		—		—		—		1,023

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Contract Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Schedule of contract assets and liabilities

Contract assets and contract liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		October 1,
	2019		2018
Contract assets	$	275,422	$	272,210
Contract liabilities	$	62,266	$	70,127

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Balance Sheet Details (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Balance Sheet Details

Schedule of components of accounts receivable

The components of accounts receivable are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Accounts receivable
Billed	$	180,594	$	156,948
Unbilled		—		242,877
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(1,745)		(1,324)
Total accounts receivable		178,849		398,501
Less estimated amounts not currently due		—		(6,134)
Current accounts receivable	$	178,849	$	392,367

Components of property, plant and equipment

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Land and land improvements	$	9,611	$	13,132
Buildings and improvements		32,343		57,959
Machinery and other equipment		94,447		81,727
Software		94,821		84,631
Leasehold improvements		17,351		11,991
Construction and internal-use software development in progress		18,069		12,888
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(129,638)		(144,782)
	$	137,004	$	117,546

Components of inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Finished products	$	12,745	$	7,099
Work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts		73,838		63,169
Materials and purchased parts		37,714		23,710
Customer advances		—		(9,779)
Net inventories	$	124,297	$	84,199

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Summary of assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on Balance Sheet on a recurring basis

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on our balance sheets on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	June 30, 2019								September 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	9,000	$	—	$	—	$	9,000
Current derivative assets		—		2,019		—		2,019		—		1,803		—		1,803
Noncurrent derivative assets		—		314		—		314		—		314		—		314
Noncurrent investment assets		—		—		3,076		3,076		—		—		—		—
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	2,333	$	3,076	$	5,409	$	9,000	$	2,117	$	—	$	11,117
Liabilities
Current derivative liabilities		—		1,263		—		1,263		—		1,657		—		1,657
Noncurrent derivative liabilities		—		116		—		116		—		75		—		75
Contingent consideration to seller of Deltenna		—		—		2,580		2,580		—		—		1,081		1,081
Contingent consideration to seller of Shield		—		—		5,203		5,203		—		—		5,618		5,618
Contingent consideration to seller of TeraLogics - revenue targets		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,750		1,750
Contingent consideration to seller of H4 Global		—		—		679		679		—		—		665		665
Contingent consideration to seller of Nuvotronics		—		—		5,250		5,250		—		—		—		—
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	—	$	1,379	$	13,712	$	15,091	$	—	$	1,732	$	9,114	$	10,846

Summary of change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

As of June 30, 2019, the following table summarizes the change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration liabilities (in thousands):

	H4 Global		TeraLogics (Revenue Targets)		Deltenna		Shield		Nuvotronics		Total
Net balances at September 30, 2018	$	665	$	1,750	$	1,081	$	5,618	$	—	$	9,114
Initial measurement recognized at acquisition		—		—		—		—		4,900		4,900
Cash paid to seller		(385)		(1,750)		—		—		—		(2,135)
Total remeasurement loss recognized in earnings		399		—		1,499		(415)		350		1,833
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	679	$	—	$	2,580	$	5,203	$	5,250	$	13,712

Schedule of change in fair value of Level 3 investment assets

	Investment
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	—
Cash paid for initial investment		3,076
Total remeasurement gain/(loss) recognized in earnings		—
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	3,076

Schedule of estimated fair value and carrying value of our long-term debt

The following table presents the estimated fair value and carrying value of our long-term debt (in millions):

	June 30,		September 30,
	2019		2018
Fair value	$	202.9	$	193.7
Carrying value	$	200.0	$	200.0

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Pension Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Pension Plans

Components of net periodic pension cost (benefit)

The components of net periodic pension cost (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Service cost	$	150	$	153	$	449	$	459
Interest cost		1,915		1,891		5,746		5,672
Expected return on plan assets		(3,020)		(3,549)		(9,063)		(10,644)
Amortization of actuarial loss		530		700		1,592		2,098
Administrative expenses		97		108		291		328
Net pension cost (benefit)	$	(328)	$	(697)	$	(985)	$	(2,087)

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Stockholders' Equity

Summary of assumptions used for the valuation of the RSUs with performance and market-based vesting that were granted

The following table includes the assumptions used for the valuation of the RSUs with performance and market-based vesting that were granted during fiscal 2019:

	RSUs granted during the nine months ended June 30, 2019
Date of grant	November 21, 2018	April 1, 2019
Grant date fair value	$67.40	$59.29
Performance period begins	October 1, 2018	October 1, 2018
Performance period ends	September 30, 2021	September 30, 2021
Risk-free interest rate	2.8%	2.8%
Expected volatility	34%	34%

Summary of RSU activity

The following table summarizes our RSU activity:

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Service-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	366,460	$	52.31
Granted	232,667		62.50
Vested	(143,513)		50.73
Forfeited	(34,744)		54.80
Unvested at June 30, 2019	420,870	$	58.28

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Performance-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	635,628	$	50.11
Granted	—		—
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(320,753)		44.63
Unvested at June 30, 2019	314,875	$	55.68

	Unvested Restricted Stock Units with Performance and Market-Based Vesting
		Weighted Average
	Number of Shares	Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at September 30, 2018	—	$	—
Granted	237,616		66.79
Vested	—		—
Forfeited	(10,214)		67.40
Unvested at June 30, 2019	227,402	$	66.77

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards

We recorded non-cash compensation expense related to stock-based awards as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of sales	$	498	$	357	$	1,236	$	729
Selling, general and administrative		3,904		2,246		9,524		4,371
	$	4,402	$	2,603	$	10,760	$	5,100

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Schedule of notional principal amounts of the outstanding derivative instruments

The following table shows the notional principal amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments as of June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Notional Principal
	June 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Instruments designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign currency forwards	$	157,196	$	169,406
Instruments not designated as accounting hedges:
Foreign currency forwards	$	16,957	$	27,909

Schedule of fair value of derivative financial instruments

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments that qualify for hedge accounting as well as their classification in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

		Fair Value
	Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Asset derivatives:
Foreign currency forwards	Other current assets	$	2,019	$	1,803
Foreign currency forwards	Other assets		314		314
		$	2,333	$	2,117
Liability derivatives:
Foreign currency forwards	Other current liabilities	$	1,263	$	1,657
Foreign currency forwards	Other long-term liabilities		116		75
Total		$	1,379	$	1,732

Schedule of gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive loss on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges

The tables below present gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, as well as the amount of gains and losses reclassified into earnings (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended
	June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
			Gains (losses)				Gains (losses)
	Gains (losses)		reclassified into				reclassified into
	recognized in		earnings -		Gains (losses)		earnings -
Derivative Type	OCI		Effective Portion		recognized in OCI		Effective Portion
Foreign currency forwards	$	(134)	$	466	$	163	$	(1,468)
	Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
			Gains (losses)				Gains (losses)
	Gains (losses)		reclassified into				reclassified into
	recognized in		earnings -		Gains (losses)		earnings -
Derivative Type	OCI		Effective Portion		recognized in OCI		Effective Portion
Foreign currency forwards	$	661	$	94	$	(848)	$	(670)

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Segment Information

Schedule of business segment financial data

Business segment financial data is as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Sales:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	212.7	$	164.6	$	595.2	$	478.1
Cubic Mission Solutions		95.0		42.7		203.3		111.9
Cubic Global Defense		75.0		88.9		226.8		233.2
Total sales	$	382.7	$	296.2	$	1,025.3	$	823.2
Operating income (loss):
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	17.2	$	18.6	$	37.0	$	42.7
Cubic Mission Solutions		1.3		(0.5)		(12.1)		(17.2)
Cubic Global Defense		1.9		6.9		10.0		13.6
Unallocated corporate expenses		14.3		(14.7)		(7.3)		(42.4)
Total operating income (loss)	$	34.7	$	10.3	$	27.6	$	(3.3)
Depreciation and amortization:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	6.9	$	2.8	$	24.1	$	9.1
Cubic Mission Solutions		6.0		4.7		17.2		15.8
Cubic Global Defense		1.7		2.0		5.4		6.1
Corporate		0.7		1.1		2.2		3.1
Total depreciation and amortization	$	15.3	$	10.6	$	48.9	$	34.1

Schedule of Disaggregation of Total Net Sales

Disaggregation of Total Net Sales: We disaggregate our sales from contracts with customers by end customer, contract type, deliverable type and revenue recognition method for each of our segments, as we believe these factors affect the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows.

Sales by Geographic Region (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
United States	$	128.9	$	94.0	$	31.6	$	254.5	$	327.3	$	200.1	$	101.3	$	628.7
United Kingdom		47.5		0.2		7.7		55.4		151.6		1.3		16.3		169.2
Australia		30.9		0.3		8.1		39.3		91.1		0.5		20.7		112.3
Far East/Middle East		0.7		0.1		15.2		16.0		8.5		0.7		45.8		55.0
Other		4.7		0.4		12.4		17.5		16.7		0.7		42.7		60.1
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by End Customer: We are the prime contractor for the vast majority of our sales. The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by end customer (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Municipalities	$	123.1	$	91.8	$	37.4	$	252.3	$	310.7	$	195.6	$	107.3	$	613.6
Other		89.6		3.2		37.6		130.4		284.5		7.7		119.5		411.7
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by Contract Type: Substantially all of our contracts are fixed-price type contracts. Sales included in Other contract types represent cost plus and time and material type contracts.

On a fixed-price type contract, we agree to perform the contractual statement of work for a predetermined sales price. On a cost-plus type contract, we are paid our allowable incurred costs plus a profit which can be fixed or variable depending on the contract’s fee arrangement up to predetermined funding levels determined by the customer. On a time-and-material type contract, we are paid on the basis of direct labor hours expended at specified fixed-price hourly rates (that include wages, overhead, allowable general and administrative expenses and profit) and materials at cost. The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by contract type (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Fixed Price	$	210.5	$	93.2	$	69.5	$	373.2	$	586.3	$	199.6	$	209.4	$	995.3
Other		2.2		1.8		5.5		9.5		8.9		3.7		17.4		30.0
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Sales by Deliverable Type: The table below presents total net sales disaggregated by the type of deliverable, which is determined by us at the performance obligation level (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Product	$	122.8	$	87.3	$	45.8	$	255.9	$	328.7	$	183.9	$	148.3	$	660.9
Service		89.9		7.7		29.2		126.8		266.5		19.4		78.5		364.4
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

Revenue Recognition Method: The table below presents total net sales disaggregated based on the revenue recognition method applied (in millions):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019								Nine months ended June 30, 2019
	CTS		CMS		CGD		Total		CTS		CMS		CGD		Total
Point in Time	$	29.7	$	76.0	$	1.0	$	106.7	$	68.2	$	169.2	$	2.9	$	240.3
Over Time		183.0		19.0		74.0		276.0		527.0		34.1		223.9		785.0
Total sales	$	212.7	$	95.0	$	75.0	$	382.7	$	595.2	$	203.3	$	226.8	$	1,025.3

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Restructuring Costs (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Restructuring Costs

Schedule Of Restructuring Charges

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Restructuring costs:
Cubic Transportation Systems	$	1.4		0.3	$	2.2	$	0.6
Cubic Mission Solutions		—		—		—		—
Cubic Global Defense		2.6		0.3		2.7		1.0
Unallocated corporate expenses		4.5		1.0		7.4		1.8
Total restructuring costs	$	8.5	$	1.6	$	12.3	$	3.4

Schedule of rollforward of restructuring liability

	Restructuring Liability		Restructuring Liability
	Employee Separation and other		Consulting Costs
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	0.7	$	0.2
Accrued costs		5.9		6.4
Cash payments		(2.8)		(6.1)
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	3.8	$	0.5

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Basis for Presentation (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019 segment
Basis for Presentation
Number of reporting segments	3

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Basis for Presentation - ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Oct. 01, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Equity	$ 965,582		$ 965,582		$ 748,685	$ 724,196
Operating income (loss)	34,725	$ 10,290	27,618	$ (3,291)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$ 20,546	$ (970)	$ 502	$ (15,751)
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.77	$ 0.23	$ 0.26	$ (0.20)
ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Equity	$ 40,863		$ 40,863			$ 24,489
Operating income (loss)	3,638		12,362
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$ 5,379		$ 16,374
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.06		$ 0.28
ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606 | Change in Estimates
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Operating income (loss)	$ (1,054)	$ 2,239	$ (1,040)	$ 114
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$ (1,185)	$ 1,739	$ (1,100)	$ 109
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.04)	$ 0.06	$ (0.04)
ASU 2014-09 | Adjustments
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Equity					$ 24,500

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Basis for Presentation - Backlog (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Basis for Presentation
Revenue, Remaining performance obligation	$ 3,688
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining performance obligation (in percent)	30.00%
Contract term	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining performance obligation (in percent)	45.00%
Contract term	24 months

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Basis for Presentation - Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Basis for Presentation
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 1,745	$ 1,324

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Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Retained earnings	$ 821,668	$ 825,396		$ 825,396		$ 801,834
Net sales		$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
ASU 2014-09 | Adjustments
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Retained earnings	24,500
Net sales	114,900
Cost of Goods Sold	$ 90,400

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Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard - Cumulative effect on Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Oct. 01, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Current assets:
Accounts receivable - net	$ 178,849	$ 155,624	$ 392,367
Contract assets	275,422	272,210
Recoverable income taxes	8,701	91	91
Inventories	124,297	61,688	84,199
Assets held for sale		8,177	8,177
Other current assets		43,705	43,705
Total current assets	717,847	681,103	668,147
Long-term contracts receivables			6,134
Long-term contracts financing receivables			6,134
Property, plant and equipment, net	137,004	117,546	117,546
Deferred income taxes	5,102	5,102	4,713
Goodwill	578,945	333,626	333,626
Purchased intangibles, net	175,207	73,533	73,533
Other assets	70,396
Total assets	1,814,885	1,321,130	1,304,883
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	231,000
Contract liabilities	62,266	70,127
Customer advances			75,941
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		118,816	118,233
Income taxes payable	1,292	8,586	8,586
Total current liabilities	552,160	320,097	328,339
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock	268,965	45,008	45,008
Retained earnings	825,396	821,668	801,834
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(112,470)	(110,643)	(110,643)
Treasury stock at cost	(36,078)	(36,078)	(36,078)
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	945,813	719,955	700,121
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	19,769	28,730	24,075
Total shareholders' equity	965,582	748,685	724,196
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	1,814,885	1,321,130	1,304,883
Cubic Corporation Excluding VIE
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	62,522	111,834	111,834
Restricted cash	17,062	17,400	17,400
Other current assets	40,615		43,705
Long-term contracts financing receivables	38,885	56,228
Long-term capitalized contract costs			84,924
Other assets	70,396	14,192	14,192
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	154,291	122,403	125,414
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	92,327		118,233
Long-term debt	189,103	199,793	199,793
Other long term liabilities	45,152	43,486	43,486
OpCo.
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	359	374	374
Restricted cash	9,967	10,000	10,000
Other current assets	53
Long-term contracts financing receivables	90,233	38,990
Long-term capitalized contract costs			1,258
Other assets	1,266	810	810
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	88	165	165
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	183
Long-term debt	45,991	9,056	9,056
Other long term liabilities	16,897	$ 13	13
ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Current assets:
Accounts receivable - net	(215,928)		(236,743)
Contract assets	280,474		272,210
Recoverable income taxes	220
Inventories	(46,950)		(22,511)
Total current assets	17,816		12,956
Long-term contracts receivables	(3,201)		(6,134)
Deferred income taxes	235		389
Total assets	22,382		16,247
Current liabilities:
Contract liabilities	62,266		70,127
Customer advances	(78,760)		(75,941)
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities			583
Income taxes payable	266
Total current liabilities	(18,481)		(8,242)
Shareholders' equity:
Retained earnings	28,238		19,834
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	28,238		19,834
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	12,625		4,655
Total shareholders' equity	40,863		24,489
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	22,382		16,247
ASU 2014-09 | Cubic Corporation Excluding VIE | ASC 606
Current assets:
Long-term contracts financing receivables	38,885		56,228
Long-term capitalized contract costs	(119,331)		(84,924)
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	(2,253)		(3,011)
ASU 2014-09 | OpCo. | ASC 606
Current assets:
Long-term contracts financing receivables	90,233		38,990
Long-term capitalized contract costs	$ (2,255)		$ (1,258)

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Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard - Effect on Statement of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Costs and expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	82,167	58,267	211,348	183,720
Research and development	12,470	13,934	38,236	40,113
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,717	6,153	32,677	19,988
Gain on sale of fixed assets	(32,563)		(32,563)
Restructuring costs	8,505	1,631	12,254	3,382
Total costs and expenses	347,954	285,922	997,659	826,480
Operating income (loss)	34,725	10,290	27,618	(3,291)
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income	1,696	765	4,343	1,872
Interest expense	(6,132)	(2,567)	(14,695)	(8,152)
Other income (expense), net	(8,714)	(3,831)	(17,069)	(1,881)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	21,575	4,657	197	(11,452)
Income tax (benefit) provision	1,029	5,627	(305)	4,299
Income (loss) from continuing operations	20,546	(970)	502	(15,751)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(202)	5,380	(1,541)	8,364
Net income (loss)	20,344	4,410	(1,039)	(7,387)
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE	(3,566)	(1,881)	(8,970)	(1,881)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	23,910	6,291	7,931	(5,506)
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income from continuing operations	24,112	911	9,472	(13,870)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(202)	5,380	(1,541)	8,364
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$ 23,910	$ 6,291	$ 7,931	$ (5,506)
Basic
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.77	$ 0.23	$ 0.26	$ (0.20)
Diluted
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.77	$ 0.23	$ 0.26	$ (0.20)
ASC 605 | ASU 2014-09
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 367,394		$ 953,853
Costs and expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	81,673		210,791
Research and development	12,470		38,236
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,717		32,677
Gain on sale of fixed assets	(32,563)		(32,563)
Restructuring costs	8,505		12,254
Total costs and expenses	336,307		938,597
Operating income (loss)	31,087		15,256
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income	39		169
Interest expense	(6,132)		(14,695)
Other income (expense), net	(8,714)		(17,069)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	16,280		(16,339)
Income tax (benefit) provision	1,113		(467)
Income (loss) from continuing operations	15,167		(15,872)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(202)		(1,541)
Net income (loss)	14,965		(17,413)
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE	(7,074)		(16,940)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	22,039		(473)
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income from continuing operations	22,241		1,068
Net loss from discontinued operations	(202)		(1,541)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$ 22,039		$ (473)
Basic
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.71		$ (0.02)
Diluted
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.71		$ (0.02)
ASC 606 | ASU 2014-09
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 15,285		$ 71,424
Costs and expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	494		557
Total costs and expenses	11,647		59,062
Operating income (loss)	3,638		12,362
Other income (expenses):
Interest and dividend income	1,657		4,174
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	5,295		16,536
Income tax (benefit) provision	(84)		162
Income (loss) from continuing operations	5,379		16,374
Net income (loss)	5,379		16,374
Less noncontrolling interest in loss of VIE	3,508		7,970
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	1,871		8,404
Amounts attributable to Cubic:
Net income from continuing operations	1,871		8,404
Net income (loss) attributable to Cubic	$ 1,871		$ 8,404
Basic
Basic earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.06		$ 0.28
Diluted
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Cubic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.06		$ 0.28
Products
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 255,900	$ 179,761	$ 660,897	$ 468,949
Costs and expenses:
Costs	190,434	125,536	491,856	334,202
Products | ASC 605 | ASU 2014-09
Net sales:
Net sales	240,604		588,754
Costs and expenses:
Costs	179,281		433,351
Products | ASC 606 | ASU 2014-09
Net sales:
Net sales	15,296		72,143
Costs and expenses:
Costs	11,153		58,505
Services
Net sales:
Net sales	126,779	116,451	364,380	354,240
Costs and expenses:
Costs	77,224	$ 80,401	243,851	$ 245,075
Services | ASC 605 | ASU 2014-09
Net sales:
Net sales	126,790		365,099
Costs and expenses:
Costs	77,224		243,851
Services | ASC 606 | ASU 2014-09
Net sales:
Net sales	$ (11)		$ (719)

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Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard - Impact on segment net sales and operating income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Operating income (loss)	34,725	10,290	27,618	(3,291)
ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	367,394		953,853
Operating income (loss)	31,087		15,256
ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	15,285		71,424
Operating income (loss)	3,638		12,362
Unallocated corporate expenses and other
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Operating income (loss)	14,290	(14,700)	(7,295)	(42,400)
Unallocated corporate expenses and other | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Operating income (loss)	14,290		(7,295)
Transportation Systems
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	212,672	164,600	595,172	478,100
Operating income (loss)	17,277	18,600	37,048	42,700
Transportation Systems | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	201,935		557,234
Operating income (loss)	14,489		29,348
Transportation Systems | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	10,737		37,938
Operating income (loss)	2,788		7,700
Cubic Mission Solutions
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	94,978	42,700	203,306	111,900
Operating income (loss)	1,230	(500)	(12,133)	(17,200)
Cubic Mission Solutions | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	94,352		202,392
Operating income (loss)	1,187		(12,045)
Cubic Mission Solutions | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	626		914
Operating income (loss)	43		(88)
Cubic Global Defense
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	75,029	88,900	226,799	233,200
Operating income (loss)	1,928	$ 6,900	9,998	$ 13,600
Cubic Global Defense | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	71,107		194,227
Operating income (loss)	1,121		5,248
Cubic Global Defense | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition
Net sales	3,922		32,572
Operating income (loss)	$ 807		$ 4,750

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Implementation of the New Revenue Recognition Standard - Impact on Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Oct. 01, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Current assets:
Accounts receivable - net	$ 178,849	$ 155,624	$ 392,367
Contract assets	275,422	272,210
Recoverable income taxes	8,701	91	91
Inventories	124,297	61,688	84,199
Assets held for sale		8,177	8,177
Other current assets		43,705	43,705
Total current assets	717,847	681,103	668,147
Long-term contracts receivables			6,134
Long-term contracts financing receivables			6,134
Property, plant and equipment, net	137,004	117,546	117,546
Deferred income taxes	5,102	5,102	4,713
Goodwill	578,945	333,626	333,626
Purchased intangibles, net	175,207	73,533	73,533
Other assets	70,396
Total assets	1,814,885	1,321,130	1,304,883
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	231,000
Contract liabilities	62,266	70,127
Customer advances			75,941
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities		118,816	118,233
Income taxes payable	1,292	8,586	8,586
Current portion of long-term debt	10,713
Total current liabilities	552,160	320,097	328,339
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock	268,965	45,008	45,008
Retained earnings	825,396	821,668	801,834
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(112,470)	(110,643)	(110,643)
Treasury stock at cost	(36,078)	(36,078)	(36,078)
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	945,813	719,955	700,121
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	19,769	28,730	24,075
Total shareholders' equity	965,582	748,685	724,196
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	1,814,885	1,321,130	1,304,883
ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Current assets:
Accounts receivable - net	394,777
Contract assets	(5,052)
Recoverable income taxes	8,481
Inventories	171,247
Total current assets	700,031
Long-term contracts receivables	3,201
Property, plant and equipment, net	137,004
Deferred income taxes	4,867
Goodwill	578,945
Purchased intangibles, net	175,207
Other assets	70,396
Total assets	1,792,503
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	231,000
Customer advances	78,760
Income taxes payable	1,026
Current portion of long-term debt	10,713
Total current liabilities	570,641
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock	268,965
Retained earnings	797,158
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(112,470)
Treasury stock at cost	(36,078)
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	917,575
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	7,144
Total shareholders' equity	924,719
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	1,792,503
ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Current assets:
Accounts receivable - net	(215,928)		(236,743)
Contract assets	280,474		272,210
Recoverable income taxes	220
Inventories	(46,950)		(22,511)
Total current assets	17,816		12,956
Long-term contracts receivables	(3,201)		(6,134)
Deferred income taxes	235		389
Total assets	22,382		16,247
Current liabilities:
Contract liabilities	62,266		70,127
Customer advances	(78,760)		(75,941)
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities			583
Income taxes payable	266
Total current liabilities	(18,481)		(8,242)
Shareholders' equity:
Retained earnings	28,238		19,834
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	28,238		19,834
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	12,625		4,655
Total shareholders' equity	40,863		24,489
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	22,382		16,247
Cubic Corporation Excluding VIE
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	62,522	111,834	111,834
Restricted cash	17,062	17,400	17,400
Other current assets	40,615		43,705
Long-term contracts financing receivables	38,885	56,228
Long-term capitalized contract costs			84,924
Other assets	70,396	14,192	14,192
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	154,291	122,403	125,414
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	92,327		118,233
Long-term debt	189,103	199,793	199,793
Other long term liabilities	45,152	43,486	43,486
Cubic Corporation Excluding VIE | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	62,522
Restricted cash	17,062
Other current assets	40,615
Long-term capitalized contract costs	119,331
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	156,544
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	92,327
Long-term debt	189,103
Other long term liabilities	45,152
Cubic Corporation Excluding VIE | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Current assets:
Long-term contracts financing receivables	38,885		56,228
Long-term capitalized contract costs	(119,331)		(84,924)
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	(2,253)		(3,011)
OpCo.
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	359	374	374
Restricted cash	9,967	10,000	10,000
Other current assets	53
Long-term contracts financing receivables	90,233	38,990
Long-term capitalized contract costs			1,258
Other assets	1,266	810	810
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	88	165	165
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	183
Long-term debt	45,991	9,056	9,056
Other long term liabilities	16,897	$ 13	13
OpCo. | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 605
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	359
Restricted cash	9,967
Other current assets	53
Long-term capitalized contract costs	2,255
Other assets	1,266
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	88
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	183
Long-term debt	45,991
Other long term liabilities	16,897
OpCo. | ASU 2014-09 | ASC 606
Current assets:
Long-term contracts financing receivables	90,233		38,990
Long-term capitalized contract costs	$ (2,255)		$ (1,258)

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Acquisitions and Divestitures - CGD Services - Income (loss) from discontinued operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Apr. 18, 2018
Costs and expenses:
Net income from discontinued operations	$ (202)	$ 5,380		$ (1,541)	$ 8,364
Cubic Global Defense Services | Disposed of by sale
Divestitures
Consideration from sale		133,800			133,800			$ 135,000
Working capital settlement receivable						$ 1,300	$ 3,700
Receivable for estimated earn-out amount due from purchaser	3,000			3,000
Receivable for estimated amount due from purchaser	0			0
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net sales		71,867			262,228
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		64,597			235,279
Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,133			10,676
Amortization of purchased intangibles		276			1,373
Restructuring costs					7
Other income		(2)			(15)
Earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes		3,863			14,908
Net loss on sale	202	(819)	$ 6,900	1,541	6,081
Income tax provision (benefit)		(698)			463
Net income from discontinued operations	$ (202)	$ 5,380		$ (1,541)	$ 8,364

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Acquisitions and Divestitures - Consolidated Business Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Feb. 21, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Oct. 01, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Sales and results of operations
Sales						$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Operating income (loss)						34,725	10,290	27,618	(3,291)
Net loss after taxes						23,910	6,291	7,931	(5,506)
(Gains) for changes in fair values of contingent consideration						1,163	(6)	1,833	446
Purchase price allocation
Goodwill						578,945		578,945		$ 333,626	$ 333,626
Nuvotronics
Sales and results of operations
Sales						3,600		4,300
Operating income (loss)						(3,200)		(4,900)
Net loss after taxes						(3,200)		(4,900)
Amortization						600		700
Acquisition-related (benefit) expenses						1,100		$ 2,900
Estimated acquisition-date fair value of consideration
Fair value of consideration transferred		$ 66,800
Cash consideration paid		61,500
Payable due to the sellers		400
Contingent consideration		4,900
Period for contingent consideration contracts								12 months
Purchase price allocation
Accounts receivable and contract assets		2,600
Fixed assets		2,700
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(1,800)
Deferred taxes		(3,500)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		600
Net identifiable assets acquired		26,100
Goodwill		40,700
Net assets acquired		$ 66,800
Weighted average useful life of intangible assets		9 years
Estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets
2019											1,200
2020											4,000
2021											3,000
2022											3,000
2023											2,900
Thereafter											12,600
Nuvotronics | Maximum
Estimated acquisition-date fair value of consideration
Contingent consideration		$ 8,000				8,000		$ 8,000
Nuvotronics | Trade names
Purchase price allocation
Indefinite intangible assets		1,500
Nuvotronics | Technology
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets		22,700
Nuvotronics | Customer relationships
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets		600
Nuvotronics | Backlog
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets		1,400
Nuvotronics | Non-compete agreements
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets		$ 500
GRIDSMART
Sales and results of operations
Sales						7,700		14,000
Operating income (loss)						700		(1,300)
Net loss after taxes						700		(1,300)
Amortization						1,300		2,700
Acquisition-related (benefit) expenses						600		2,400
Estimated acquisition-date fair value of consideration
Fair value of consideration transferred			$ 86,800
Cash consideration paid			87,200
Receivable due from the sellers			400
Purchase price allocation
Accounts receivable			1,700
Inventory			4,300
Accounts payable and accrued expenses			(2,500)
Deferred taxes			(3,900)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)			500
Net identifiable assets acquired			31,800
Goodwill			55,000
Net assets acquired			$ 86,800
Weighted average useful life of intangible assets			8 years
Estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets
2019											4,000
2020											5,300
2021											3,900
2022											3,500
2023											3,500
Thereafter											11,500
GRIDSMART | Trade names
Purchase price allocation
Indefinite intangible assets			$ 2,400
GRIDSMART | Technology
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets			25,700
GRIDSMART | Customer relationships
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets			$ 3,600
Trafficware
Sales and results of operations
Sales						15,800		38,000
Operating income (loss)						(1,000)		(9,500)
Net loss after taxes						(1,000)		(9,500)
Amortization						2,800		12,400
Acquisition-related (benefit) expenses						900		4,400
Estimated acquisition-date fair value of consideration
Fair value of consideration transferred				$ 237,200
Purchase price allocation
Accounts receivable				10,400
Inventory				9,900
Accounts payable and accrued expenses				(6,600)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)				1,900
Net identifiable assets acquired				86,400
Goodwill				150,800
Net assets acquired				$ 237,200
Weighted average useful life of intangible assets				7 years
Estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets
2019											15,300
2020											11,400
2021											11,400
2022											11,400
2023											6,400
Thereafter											18,700
Trafficware | Trade names
Purchase price allocation
Indefinite intangible assets				$ 4,600
Trafficware | Technology
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets				43,300
Trafficware | Customer relationships
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets				21,900
Trafficware | Backlog
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets				$ 4,800
Shield Aviation
Sales and results of operations
Operating income (loss)						(2,000)		(4,800)
Net loss after taxes						(2,000)		(4,800)
Amortization						200		600
(Gains) for changes in fair values of contingent consideration						(700)		(400)
Estimated acquisition-date fair value of consideration
Fair value of consideration transferred					$ 12,800
Extinguishment of debt					5,200
Cash consideration paid					1,300
Hold back consideration					700
Contingent consideration					5,600
Purchase price allocation
Other net assets acquired					300
Net identifiable assets acquired					6,300
Goodwill					6,500
Net assets acquired					12,800
Estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets
2019											800
2020											800
2021											800
2022											800
2023											800
Thereafter											2,100
Shield Aviation | Maximum
Estimated acquisition-date fair value of consideration
Contingent consideration					10,000	10,000		10,000
Shield Aviation | Technology
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets					$ 6,000
Weighted average useful life of intangible assets					8 years
MotionDSP
Sales and results of operations
Sales						600	300	1,100	400
Operating income (loss)						(100)	(200)	(500)	(1,000)
Net loss after taxes						(100)	(200)	(500)	(1,000)
Amortization						$ 200	200	600	200
Acquisition-related (benefit) expenses							$ 100	$ 200	$ 700
Estimated acquisition-date fair value of consideration
Cash consideration paid	$ 4,800
Purchase price allocation
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(300)
Other noncurrent liabilities	(800)
Other net assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	900
Net identifiable assets acquired	2,800
Goodwill	6,700
Net assets acquired	$ 9,500
Weighted average useful life of intangible assets	7 years
Estimated amortization expense related to the intangible assets
2019											700
2020											700
2021											700
2022											700
2023											700
Thereafter											$ 800
MotionDSP | Trade names
Purchase price allocation
Indefinite intangible assets	$ 100
MotionDSP | Technology
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets	4,500
MotionDSP | Customer relationships
Purchase price allocation
Amortizable intangible assets	$ 200

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Acquisitions and Divestitures - PIXIA Corp and MotionDSP (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Feb. 21, 2018	Jun. 27, 2019	Oct. 31, 2017
MotionDSP
Business acquisition
Cash consideration paid	$ 4.8
Pixia
Equity method investment
Purchase price of capital stock		$ 50.0
Ownership percentage		20.00%
Option to purchase remaining percentage of capital stock		80.00%
Investment		$ 50.0
MotionDSP
Equity method investment
Purchase price of capital stock			$ 4.7
Ownership percentage			49.00%

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Acquisitions and Divestitures - Goodwill and Pro forma information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Unaudited pro forma information
Net sales		$ 382,700	$ 322,400	$ 1,039,600	$ 891,400
Net income attributable to Cubic		24,100	(1,500)	4,900	(28,300)
Adjustments made for transaction expenses		0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Net balances at the beginning of the period	$ 578,945			333,626
Acquisitions				246,487
Foreign currency exchange rate changes				(1,168)
Net balance at the end of the period		578,945		578,945		$ 333,626
Transportation Systems
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Net balances at the beginning of the period	254,575			49,786
Acquisitions				205,778
Foreign currency exchange rate changes				(989)
Net balance at the end of the period		254,575		254,575		$ 49,786
Transportation Systems | Minimum
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Estimated percentage of excess of fair value over carrying value						100.00%
Cubic Mission Solutions
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Net balances at the beginning of the period	182,049			138,127
Reassignment of goodwill				3,428
Acquisitions				40,709
Foreign currency exchange rate changes				(215)
Net balance at the end of the period		182,049		182,049		$ 138,127
Cubic Global Defense
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Net balances at the beginning of the period	142,321			145,713
Reassignment of goodwill				(3,428)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes				36
Net balance at the end of the period		$ 142,321		$ 142,321		$ 145,713
Cubic Global Defense | Minimum
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Estimated percentage of excess of fair value over carrying value						40.00%
Deltenna
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross	5,300
Deltenna | Cubic Mission Solutions
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Goodwill reassigned	3,400
Deltenna | Cubic Global Defense
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill
Goodwill reassigned	$ (3,400)

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Variable Interest Entities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Oct. 01, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue recognition
Unrealized loss			$ (300)	$ (100)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-01-01
Revenue recognition
Contract term		12 months	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Revenue recognition
Contract term		24 months	24 months
Revolving Credit Agreement
Revenue recognition
Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense		$ 3,400	$ 3,400
Maximum borrowing capacity under credit agreement		800,000	800,000
Borrowings outstanding		$ 231,000	$ 231,000
MBTA | Design and Build Phase | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2018-10-01
Revenue recognition
Contract term		3 years	3 years
MBTA | Operate and Maintain Phase | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-10-01
Revenue recognition
Contract term		10 years	10 years
Cubic Corporation Excluding VIE
Revenue recognition
Restricted cash		$ 17,062	$ 17,062		$ 17,400	$ 17,400
Long-term capitalized contract costs						84,924
OpCo.
Revenue recognition
Restricted cash		9,967	9,967		$ 10,000	10,000
Long-term capitalized contract costs						$ 1,258
OpCo. | Interest Rate Swaps | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Revenue recognition
Unrealized loss		(7,000)	16,900
P3 Joint Venture
Revenue recognition
Maximum exposure to loss		2,700	2,700
OpCo. | Interest Rate Swaps | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Revenue recognition
Notional principal outstanding derivative instruments		117,300	117,300
OpCo. | Interest Rate Swaps | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other long-term liabilities
Revenue recognition
Fair value interest rate swaps		16,900	16,900
OpCo. | P3 Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Agreement
Revenue recognition
Maximum borrowing capacity under credit agreement		13,900	13,900
OpCo. | P3 Credit Agreement | Long-term Debt Facility
Revenue recognition
Loan amount	$ 212,400
Carrying value		46,000	46,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense		8,800	8,800
OpCo. | Design and Build Phase | P3 Credit Agreement | Long-term Debt Facility | LIBOR
Revenue recognition
Variable interest rate (as a percent)	1.30%
OpCo. | Operate and Maintain Phase | P3 Credit Agreement | Long-term Debt Facility | LIBOR
Revenue recognition
Variable interest rate (as a percent)	1.55%
OpCo. | MBTA
Revenue recognition
Expected contract revenue		$ 558,500	$ 558,500
Transportation Systems | HoldCo.
Revenue recognition
Ownership percentage		10.00%	10.00%
Transportation Systems | HoldCo. | Letter of credit agreement
Revenue recognition
Maximum borrowing capacity under credit agreement		$ 2,700	$ 2,700
Borrowings outstanding		0	0
Transportation Systems | OpCo.
Revenue recognition
Expected contract revenue		$ 427,600	$ 427,600
John Laing | HoldCo.
Revenue recognition
Ownership percentage		90.00%	90.00%
John Laing | HoldCo. | Equity Bridge Loan
Revenue recognition
Loan amount	$ 24,300

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Variable Interest Entities - Net assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Oct. 01, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
ASSETS
Other current assets					$ 43,705	$ 43,705
Long-term contracts financing receivables						6,134
Other noncurrent assets	$ 70,396		$ 70,396
Total assets	1,814,885		1,814,885		1,321,130	1,304,883
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities					118,816	118,233
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	945,813		945,813		719,955	700,121
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	19,769		19,769		28,730	24,075
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	1,814,885		1,814,885		$ 1,321,130	1,304,883
Revenue	382,679	$ 296,212	1,025,277	$ 823,189
Operating income (loss)	34,725	10,290	27,618	(3,291)
Other income (expense), net	(8,714)	(3,831)	(17,069)	(1,881)
VIE
ASSETS
Cash	359		359			374
Restricted cash	9,967		9,967			10,000
Other current assets	53		53
Long-term capitalized contract costs						33,818
Long-term contracts financing receivables	90,233		90,233
Other noncurrent assets	1,266		1,266			810
Total assets	101,878		101,878			45,002
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Trade accounts payable	88		88			165
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities	183		183
Other long term liabilities	16,897		16,897			13
Due to Cubic	19,460		19,460			11,724
Long-term debt	45,991		45,991			9,056
Total liabilities	82,619		82,619			20,958
Shareholders' equity related to Cubic	(510)		(510)			(304)
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated VIE	19,769		19,769			24,348
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	101,878		101,878			$ 45,002
Revenue	3,233		7,519
Operating income (loss)	2,823		6,521
Other income (expense), net	(7,031)	$ (2,090)	(16,884)	$ (2,090)
Interest income	1,075		2,335
Interest Expense	$ (829)		$ (1,939)

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Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding
Weighted average shares - basic	31,160	27,232	30,267	27,221
Effect of dilutive securities	89	142	65
Weighted average shares - diluted	31,249	27,374	30,332	27,221
Number of anti-dilutive securities				1,023

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Contract Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Oct. 01, 2018
Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets	$ 275,422	$ 275,422		$ 272,210
Contract liabilities	62,266	62,266		$ 70,127
Increase in contract asset		3,200
Impairment losses related to contract assets		0	$ 0
Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities		(7,900)
Revenue recognized included in contract liability at beginning of quarter	$ 12,800	$ 47,600

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Balance Sheet Details (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Oct. 01, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Accounts Receivable
Billed	$ 180,594		$ 180,594			$ 156,948
Unbilled						242,877
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(1,745)		(1,745)			(1,324)
Total accounts receivable	178,849		178,849			398,501
Less estimated amounts not currently due						(6,134)
Current accounts receivable	178,849		178,849		$ 155,624	392,367
Sale of Trade Receivables	25,000
Inventories
Finished products	12,745		12,745			7,099
Work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts	73,838		73,838			63,169
Materials and purchased parts	37,714		37,714			23,710
Customer advances						(9,779)
Net inventories	124,297		124,297		61,688	84,199
Costs incurred outside the scope of work or in advance of a contract award	2,500		2,500			900
Property, Plant and Equipment
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(129,638)		(129,638)			(144,782)
Property, plant and equipment - net	137,004		137,004		$ 117,546	117,546
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	44,891		44,891
Gain on sale of fixed assets	32,563		32,563
Deferred Compensation Plan
Deferred compensation	11,100		11,100			11,500
Carrying value of Rabbi trust to fund deferred compensation liabilities	6,300		6,300			6,300
Land and land improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, Gross	9,611		9,611			13,132
Buildings and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, Gross	$ 32,343		$ 32,343			57,959
Lease term	5 years		5 years
Machinery and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, Gross	$ 94,447		$ 94,447			81,727
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, Gross	94,821		$ 94,821			84,631
Capitalized Software
Estimated useful life			seven-year
Addition to capitalized software expenses	100	$ 1,900	$ 700	$ 6,500
Software development expense	300	$ 2,800	$ 1,300	$ 13,100
Software | Maximum
Capitalized Software
Estimated useful life			seven years
Software | Minimum
Capitalized Software
Estimated useful life			three
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, Gross	17,351		$ 17,351			11,991
Construction and internal-use software development in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, Gross	$ 18,069		$ 18,069			$ 12,888

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Level 2
Debt instruments
Fair Value	$ 202,900	$ 193,700
Carrying value	200,000	200,000
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value
Assets
Cash equivalents		9,000
Current derivative assets	2,019	1,803
Noncurrent derivative assets	314	314
Noncurrent investment assets	3,076
Total assets measured at fair value	5,409	11,117
Liabilities
Current derivative liabilities	1,263	1,657
Noncurrent derivative liabilities	116	75
Total liabilities measured at fair value	15,091	10,846
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Deltenna
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	2,580	1,081
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Shield Aviation
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	5,203	5,618
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | H4 Global
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	679	665
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Nuvotronics
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	5,250
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Revenue Targets | TeraLogics
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller		1,750
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 1
Assets
Cash equivalents		9,000
Total assets measured at fair value		9,000
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 2
Assets
Current derivative assets	2,019	1,803
Noncurrent derivative assets	314	314
Total assets measured at fair value	2,333	2,117
Liabilities
Current derivative liabilities	1,263	1,657
Noncurrent derivative liabilities	116	75
Total liabilities measured at fair value	1,379	1,732
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 3
Assets
Noncurrent investment assets	3,076
Total assets measured at fair value	3,076
Liabilities
Total liabilities measured at fair value	13,712	9,114
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 3 | Deltenna
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	2,580	1,081
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 3 | Shield Aviation
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	5,203	5,618
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 3 | H4 Global
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	679	665
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 3 | Nuvotronics
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller	$ 5,250
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value | Level 3 | Revenue Targets | TeraLogics
Liabilities
Contingent consideration to seller		$ 1,750

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Contingent Consideration (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) item	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) item	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Cubic Global Defense Services | Disposed of by sale
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Receivable for estimated earn-out amount due from purchaser		$ 3,000
Level 3
Change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration
Balance at the Beginning period		9,114
Initial measurement recognized at acquisition		4,900
Cash paid to seller		(2,135)
Total remeasurement (gain) loss recognized in earnings		1,833
Balance at the ending period		13,712	$ 9,114
Investment Assets | Level 3
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Maximum additional commitment to fund		6,900
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Cash paid for initial investment		3,100
Total remeasurement gain/(loss) recognized in earnings		3,076
Balance as of June 30, 2019		$ 3,076
Volatility for underlying revenue metrics
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Measurement inputs for contingent consideration | item		12.9
Deltenna | Level 3
Change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration
Balance at the Beginning period		$ 1,081
Total remeasurement (gain) loss recognized in earnings		1,499
Balance at the ending period		2,580	$ 1,081
Deltenna | Maximum
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Contingent consideration		$ 7,100
Deltenna | Volatility for underlying revenue metrics
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Measurement inputs for contingent consideration | item		37	53
Deltenna | Discount Rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Measurement inputs for contingent consideration		11	11.5
Shield Aviation
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Contingent consideration	$ 5,600
Determination of fair value of contingent consideration | item	1,000,000
Revenue risk adjustment used in determination of fair value of contingent consideration		17.40%
Shield Aviation | Level 3
Change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration
Balance at the Beginning period		$ 5,618
Total remeasurement (gain) loss recognized in earnings		(415)
Balance at the ending period		5,203	$ 5,618
Shield Aviation | Maximum
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Contingent consideration	$ 10,000	$ 10,000
Shield Aviation | Volatility for underlying revenue metrics
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Measurement inputs for contingent consideration		0.260	0.200
Revenue risk adjustment used in determination of fair value of contingent consideration			14.50%
Shield Aviation | Discount Rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Measurement inputs for contingent consideration		0.041	0.039
TeraLogics | Level 3 | Revenue Targets
Change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration
Balance at the Beginning period		$ 1,750
Cash paid to seller		$ (1,750)
Balance at the ending period			$ 1,750
H4 Global
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Period for contingent consideration contracts		5 years
H4 Global | Level 3
Change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration
Balance at the Beginning period		$ 665
Cash paid to seller		(385)
Total remeasurement (gain) loss recognized in earnings		399
Balance at the ending period		679	$ 665
H4 Global | Maximum
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Contingent consideration		$ 3,000
Nuvotronics
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Contingent consideration				$ 4,900
Determination of fair value of contingent consideration | item		1,000,000
Period for contingent consideration contracts		12 months
Nuvotronics | Level 3
Change in fair value of our Level 3 contingent consideration
Initial measurement recognized at acquisition		$ 4,900
Total remeasurement (gain) loss recognized in earnings		350
Balance at the ending period		5,250
Nuvotronics | Maximum
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Contingent consideration		$ 8,000		$ 8,000
Nuvotronics | Discount Rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Measurement inputs for contingent consideration		7.3

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Financing Arrangements - underwritten public offering (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Financing Arrangements
Underwritten public offering (in shares) | shares	3,795,000
Offered price (per share) | $ / shares	$ 60.00
Net Proceeds from public offering	$ 215.8
Underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses	$ 11.9

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Financing Arrangements - Senior Unsecured Notes (Details) - Senior unsecured notes - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Feb. 02, 2016	Jul. 17, 2015	Mar. 31, 2013
Senior Unsecured Notes Issued March 2013 and Due March 2025
Financial arrangement
Principal amount of debt instrument				$ 100.0
Interest rate (as a percent)				3.35%
Coupon rate increase based on leverage ratio (as a percent)	0.50%
Senior Unsecured Notes Issued July 2015 and Due March 2025
Financial arrangement
Principal amount of debt instrument			$ 25.0
Interest rate (as a percent)			3.70%
Senior Unsecured Notes Issued February 2016 and Due March 2026
Financial arrangement
Principal amount of debt instrument		$ 75.0
Interest rate (as a percent)		3.93%

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Financing Arrangements - Revolving Credit Agreement (Details) £ in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 GBP (£)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Financial arrangement
Letters of Credit and bank guarantees outstanding		$ 42.7
Self-insurance liabilities		7.6		$ 8.6
Letters of credit primarily for self-insured liabilities
Financial arrangement
Letters of Credit and bank guarantees outstanding		5.5
Fair value of instruments		0.0
United Kingdom
Financial arrangement
Maximum borrowing capacity under credit agreement		25.4	£ 20.0
Borrowings outstanding		0.0
United Kingdom | Performance guarantee
Financial arrangement
Restricted cash		17.1
Revolving Credit Agreement
Financial arrangement
Maximum borrowing capacity under credit agreement		$ 800.0
Weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings		4.02%	4.02%
Debt issuance and modification cost incurred	$ 1.9
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ 3.4
Borrowings outstanding		231.0
Letters of credit outstanding		34.7
Available amount under line of credit		534.3
Revolving Credit Agreement | Letters of credit and bank guarantees
Financial arrangement
Letters of credit outstanding		34.7
Other Credit Facility
Financial arrangement
Letters of credit outstanding		8.0
Letter of credit agreement | Performance guarantee
Financial arrangement
Letters of credit outstanding		$ 37.2

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Pension Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Components of net periodic pension cost (benefit)
Service cost	$ 150	$ 153	$ 449	$ 459
Interest cost	1,915	1,891	5,746	5,672
Expected return on plan assets	(3,020)	(3,549)	(9,063)	(10,644)
Amortization of actuarial loss	530	700	1,592	2,098
Administrative expenses	97	108	291	328
Net pension cost (benefit)	$ (328)	$ (697)	$ (985)	$ (2,087)

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Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details)			9 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2019 $ / shares	Nov. 21, 2018 $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019 item $ / shares shares
RSUs
Stockholders' Equity
Number of shares of common stock that each award holder has the contingent right to receive			1
Fair value units granted (per share) | $ / shares	$ 59.29	$ 67.40
Time-based RSUs
Stockholders' Equity
Number of equal installments for vesting of stock awards | item			4
Expected awards vested (in shares)			353,979
Performance-based RSUs
Stockholders' Equity
Vesting period			3 years
Expected awards vested (in shares)			112,070
Performance and market-based RSUs
Stockholders' Equity
Number of shares of common stock that each award holder has the contingent right to receive			1.25
Vesting period			3 years
Fair value units granted (per share) | $ / shares			$ 66.79
Expected awards vested (in shares)			168,664
Performance and market-based RSUs | Maximum
Stockholders' Equity
Increase in multiplier based on performance			25.00%
Performance and market-based RSUs | Minimum
Stockholders' Equity
Decrease in multiplier based on performance			25.00%

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Stockholders' Equity - Assumption used for RSU activity (Details) - $ / shares			9 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2019	Nov. 21, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019
RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value units granted (per share)	$ 59.29	$ 67.40
Risk-free interest rate(as a percent)	2.80%	2.80%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	34.00%	34.00%
Performance and market-based RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value units granted (per share)			$ 66.79

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Stockholders' Equity - RSU activity (Details) - $ / shares			9 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2019	Nov. 21, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019
RSUs
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 59.29	$ 67.40
Service-Based RSUs
Number of Shares
Balance unvested at the beginning of the period (in shares)			366,460
Granted (in shares)			232,667
Vested (in shares)			(143,513)
Forfeited (in shares)			(34,744)
Balance unvested at the end of the period (in shares)			420,870
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Balance unvested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)			$ 52.31
Granted (in dollars per share)			62.50
Vested (in dollars per share)			50.73
Forfeited (in dollars per share)			54.80
Balance unvested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)			$ 58.28
Performance-based RSUs
Number of Shares
Balance unvested at the beginning of the period (in shares)			635,628
Forfeited (in shares)			(320,753)
Balance unvested at the end of the period (in shares)			314,875
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Balance unvested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)			$ 50.11
Forfeited (in dollars per share)			44.63
Balance unvested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)			$ 55.68
Performance and market-based RSUs
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)			237,616
Forfeited (in shares)			(10,214)
Balance unvested at the end of the period (in shares)			227,402
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Granted (in dollars per share)			$ 66.79
Forfeited (in dollars per share)			67.40
Balance unvested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)			$ 66.77

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Stockholders' Equity - Non-cash compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Stockholders' Equity
Non-cash compensation expense related to stock-based awards	$ 4,402	$ 2,603	$ 10,760	$ 5,100
Estimated forfeiture rate (as a percent)			12.50%
Cost of sales
Stockholders' Equity
Non-cash compensation expense related to stock-based awards	498	357	$ 1,236	729
Selling, general and administrative
Stockholders' Equity
Non-cash compensation expense related to stock-based awards	3,904	$ 2,246	9,524	$ 4,371
RSUs
Stockholders' Equity
Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards	$ 44,100		44,100
Aggregate fair value of awards			$ 37,600
Weighted-average period of recognition			1 year 8 months 12 days

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Taxes
Effective tax rate (as a percent)	5.00%	(166.00%)	38.00%	48.00%
U.S. statutory tax rate (as a percent)	21.00%	21.00%
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance	$ 61.9	$ 61.9

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Notional principal amounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative			$ (300)	$ (100)
Foreign currency forwards
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative	$ (200)	$ 300
Instruments designated as accounting hedges: | Foreign currency forwards
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Notional principal outstanding derivative instruments	157,196		157,196		$ 169,406
Instruments not designated as accounting hedges: | Foreign currency forwards
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Notional principal outstanding derivative instruments	16,957		16,957		27,909
Notional principal outstanding derivative instruments designed to manage exposure	$ 7,600		$ 7,600		$ 14,700

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Fair value of derivative financial instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Asset derivatives	$ 2,333	$ 2,117
Liability derivatives	1,379	1,732
Foreign currency forwards | Other current assets
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Asset derivatives	2,019	1,803
Foreign currency forwards | Other assets
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Asset derivatives	314	314
Foreign currency forwards | Other current liabilities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Liability derivatives	1,263	1,657
Foreign currency forwards | Other long-term liabilities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Liability derivatives	$ 116	$ 75

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Gains and losses recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Derivative instruments and hedging activities
Estimated unrealized net gains (losses) from cash flow hedges which are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months	$ 600		$ 600
Foreign currency forwards
Derivative instruments and hedging activities
Gains (losses) recognized in OCI	661	$ (848)	(134)	$ 163
Gains (losses) reclassified into earnings - Effective Portion	$ 94	$ (670)	$ 466	$ (1,468)

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Segment Information - Business segment financial data (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Segment Information
Total sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Operating income (loss)	34,725	10,290	27,618	(3,291)
Total depreciation and amortization	15,351	10,642	48,949	34,133
Transportation Systems
Segment Information
Total sales	212,672	164,600	595,172	478,100
Operating income (loss)	17,277	18,600	37,048	42,700
Total depreciation and amortization	6,900	2,800	24,100	9,100
Cubic Mission Solutions
Segment Information
Total sales	94,978	42,700	203,306	111,900
Operating income (loss)	1,230	(500)	(12,133)	(17,200)
Total depreciation and amortization	6,000	4,700	17,200	15,800
Cubic Global Defense
Segment Information
Total sales	75,029	88,900	226,799	233,200
Operating income (loss)	1,928	6,900	9,998	13,600
Total depreciation and amortization	1,700	2,000	5,400	6,100
Corporate
Segment Information
Total depreciation and amortization	700	1,100	2,200	3,100
Unallocated corporate expenses and other
Segment Information
Operating income (loss)	$ 14,290	$ (14,700)	$ (7,295)	$ (42,400)

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Segment Information - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Segment Information
Gain on sale of fixed assets	$ 32,563		$ 32,563
Unallocated corporate expenses and other
Segment Information
Gain on sale of fixed assets			32,600
Expense related to strategic and IT system resource planning	$ 2,400	$ 5,000	$ 6,300	$ 18,800

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Segment Information - Sales by Geographical Region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	212,672	164,600	595,172	478,100
Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	94,978	42,700	203,306	111,900
Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	75,029	$ 88,900	226,799	$ 233,200
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	254,500		628,700
United States | Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	128,900		327,300
United States | Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	94,000		200,100
United States | Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	31,600		101,300
United Kingdom
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	55,400		169,200
United Kingdom | Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	47,500		151,600
United Kingdom | Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	200		1,300
United Kingdom | Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	7,700		16,300
Australia
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	39,300		112,300
Australia | Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	30,900		91,100
Australia | Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	300		500
Australia | Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	8,100		20,700
Far East/Middle East
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	16,000		55,000
Far East/Middle East | Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	700		8,500
Far East/Middle East | Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	100		700
Far East/Middle East | Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	15,200		45,800
Other foreign countries
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	17,500		60,100
Other foreign countries | Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	4,700		16,700
Other foreign countries | Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	400		700
Other foreign countries | Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 12,400		$ 42,700

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Segment Information - Sales by End Customer (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Municipalities
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	252,300		613,600
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	130,400		411,700
Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	212,672	164,600	595,172	478,100
Transportation Systems | U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Municipalities
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	123,100		310,700
Transportation Systems | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	89,600		284,500
Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	94,978	42,700	203,306	111,900
Cubic Mission Solutions | U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Municipalities
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	91,800		195,600
Cubic Mission Solutions | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	3,200		7,700
Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	75,029	$ 88,900	226,799	$ 233,200
Cubic Global Defense | U.S. Federal Government and State and Local Municipalities
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	37,400		107,300
Cubic Global Defense | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 37,600		$ 119,500

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Segment Information - Sales by Contract Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Fixed Price
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	373,200		995,300
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	9,500		30,000
Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	212,672	164,600	595,172	478,100
Transportation Systems | Fixed Price
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	210,500		586,300
Transportation Systems | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	2,200		8,900
Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	94,978	42,700	203,306	111,900
Cubic Mission Solutions | Fixed Price
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	93,200		199,600
Cubic Mission Solutions | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	1,800		3,700
Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	75,029	$ 88,900	226,799	$ 233,200
Cubic Global Defense | Fixed Price
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	69,500		209,400
Cubic Global Defense | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 5,500		$ 17,400

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Segment Information - Sales by Deliverable Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	255,900	179,761	660,897	468,949
Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	126,779	116,451	364,380	354,240
Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	212,672	164,600	595,172	478,100
Transportation Systems | Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	122,800		328,700
Transportation Systems | Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	89,900		266,500
Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	94,978	42,700	203,306	111,900
Cubic Mission Solutions | Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	87,300		183,900
Cubic Mission Solutions | Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	7,700		19,400
Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	75,029	$ 88,900	226,799	$ 233,200
Cubic Global Defense | Products
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	45,800		148,300
Cubic Global Defense | Services
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 29,200		$ 78,500

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Segment Information - Revenue Recognition Method (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 382,679	$ 296,212	$ 1,025,277	$ 823,189
Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	106,700		240,300
Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	276,000		785,000
Transportation Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	212,672	164,600	595,172	478,100
Transportation Systems | Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	29,700		68,200
Transportation Systems | Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	183,000		527,000
Cubic Mission Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	94,978	42,700	203,306	111,900
Cubic Mission Solutions | Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	76,000		169,200
Cubic Mission Solutions | Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	19,000		34,100
Cubic Global Defense
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	75,029	$ 88,900	226,799	$ 233,200
Cubic Global Defense | Point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	1,000		2,900
Cubic Global Defense | Over time
Disaggregation of Revenue
Total sales	$ 74,000		$ 223,900

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Restructuring Costs - Restructuring charges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Restructuring plan
Cost incurred to date	$ 2,500		$ 2,500
Restructuring costs	8,505	$ 1,631	12,254	$ 3,382
Unallocated corporate expenses and other
Restructuring plan
Restructuring costs	4,500	1,000	7,400	1,800
Transportation Systems
Restructuring plan
Restructuring costs	2,600	300	2,700	1,000
Cubic Global Defense
Restructuring plan
Restructuring costs	$ 1,400	$ 300	$ 2,200	$ 600

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Restructuring Costs - Rollforward of restructuring liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Restructuring liability
Accrued costs	$ 8,505	$ 1,631	$ 12,254	$ 3,382
Employee Separation and other
Restructuring liability
Balance as of the beginning of the period			700
Accrued costs			(5,900)
Cash payments			(2,800)
Balance as of the end of the period	3,800		3,800
Consulting Costs
Restructuring liability
Balance as of the beginning of the period			200
Accrued costs			(6,400)
Cash payments			(6,100)
Balance as of the end of the period	$ 500		$ 500