Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Earnings Before Income Taxes

Earnings before income taxes consist of the following:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
U.S.	$	9,315	$	25,746	$	(141	)
Non-U.S.	30,938		31,499		12,402
Total	$	40,253	$	57,245	$	12,261

Significant Components of Income Tax Provision/(Benefit)

Significant components of income tax provision/(benefit) are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Current:
U.S.	$	1,635		$	(1,312	)	$	329
Non-U.S.	7,150			13,729			12,482
Total Current	8,785			12,417			12,811
Deferred:
U.S.	17,597			13,245			(15,795		)
Non-U.S.	(577		)	(2,797		)	8,291
Total Deferred	17,020			10,448			(7,504		)
Total provision for income taxes	$	25,805		$	22,865		$	5,307

Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2017			2016
Post-retirement benefits	$	1,160		$	1,798
Inventory reserves	1,128			1,834
Loss carry-forwards	5,401			7,279
Credit carry-forwards	10,793			22,743
Nondeductible accruals	7,062			11,629
Research expenditures	20,002			31,380
Stock compensation	1,803			2,681
Foreign exchange loss	1,373			1,780
Other	220			648
Gross deferred tax assets	48,942			81,772
Depreciation and amortization	9,819			9,960
Pensions	12,387			16,024
Subsidiaries' unremitted earnings	1,662			1,292
Gross deferred tax liabilities	23,868			27,276
Net deferred tax assets	25,074			54,496
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance	(8,182		)	(11,024		)
Total net deferred tax assets	$	16,892		$	43,472

Schedule of current and long-term deferred tax assets and current and long-term deferred tax liabilities

The long-term deferred tax assets and long-term deferred tax liabilities are as follows below:

	As of December 31,
	2017		2016
Non-current deferred tax assets	20,694		45,839
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	(3,802	)	(2,367	)
Total net deferred tax assets	16,892		43,472

Reconciliation of Effective Income Taxes Rate

The following table reconciles taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the effective income tax rate:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2015
Taxes at the U.S. statutory rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	1.1	%	1.4	%	(0.1	)%
Non-U.S. income taxed at rates different than the U.S. statutory rate	(9.0	)%	(7.5	)%	(16.7	)%
Foreign source income, net of associated foreign tax credits	0.1	%	5.3	%	6.9	%
Benefit of tax credits	(1.4	)%	(1.0	)%	(4.6	)%
Non-deductible expenses	1.5	%	0.7	%	1.3	%
Stock compensation - excess tax benefits	(1.5	)%	(0.8	)%	—	%
Adjustment to valuation allowances	(4.4	)%	3.8	%	37.8	%
Benefit from prior period foreign tax credits	—	%	—	%	(133.0	)%
Change in unrecognized tax benefits	2.0	%	3.3	%	59.5	%
Impacts of unremitted foreign earnings	0.9	%	0.6	%	60.8	%
Impacts related to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	44.7	%	—	%	—	%
Other	(4.9	)%	(0.9	)%	(3.6	)%
Effective income tax rate	64.1	%	39.9	%	43.3	%

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits is provided below:

	2017			2016
Balance at January 1	$	12,347		$	11,008
Increase related to current year tax positions	—			1,088
Increase related to prior year tax positions	1,290			251
Decrease related to settlements with taxing authorities	(6,331		)	—
Balance at December 31	$	7,306		$	12,347